The meaning of love experienced by Firdaus the main character of Nawal El Saadawi`s Woman at Point Zero
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E GLISH L NA GUAGE EDUCATION STUDY RP OGRAM
DEPARTMENT FO LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
Y T L U C A
F OF ET ACHER TS RAINI GN AND EDUCAT N IO
A N A
S TA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
Y GO YAKARTA
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A SA JR A AN PE DN I ID K NA THESIS
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E GN L SI H LANGUAGE EDUCAT NIO STUDY RP OGRAM
DEPARTMEN FT O LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCAT NIO
L U C A
F TY FO ET ACHE SR T AR INI GN AND EDUCATI NO
A N A
S TA DH RA MA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
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ST TA EME TN FO WORK’S ORIG AIN L YIT
I nho e ystl d ce lare ht at st hhi t e ss , hi w ich I have rw i tten, od es tn c no o it n t ea h w ork r
o parts of the work of ho er pe et o , ex epl c pt those ic ted in the quotations da t en h referen ec ,s as a scie itn f ci paper shoul .d
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LEMB RA PERNYATAAN PE ER TS UJUAN UP BL KI A SI KARYA
I ML IAH NU T KU EK PENT NI G NA AKADE IM S
Ya gn be tra an ta gd n an id bawah i ,in sa ay maha wsis a U ers tias Sa aniv n hat D a mr a: Nama : Ra sr Sekar Kina ha s i
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Demi pe gn emba gn an i ul pe gm n eta uh an, saya m me ber ki an kepada Perpustakaan n
U ive tir as Sana as t hD a ar ka am r li iy m ah saya ya gn berj uu l: d
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Bese tra pera kng a yang t d erl kip u an ( a ada). De gbli n na ed im kian sa ay m
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m be kir an kepada Perpustakaan nU ive tir as Sanata hs D a mr a hak untuk e
m yn i pm an, me gn alihkan, dalam bent ku me id a nl , me gai n le lo a yn a dalam be kn tu pa kn alan g d , me data n i rts i sb ikan cu s ara te be r atas, dan mempublikasika yn a in d
t n
I e nr te atau me id a l ia n untuk kepe tn i gn an a dk e sa m ta pi n a pe ulr me nm ai t ni ij da ir saya maupun membe kir an yro a it kepada yl s a ea s l ma a tetap me cn a un m nt k a n ma a as ay es bagai pe iln s . u
Demi ik an pe yr a an t an ii ya gn n saya ub at de gn an bs enae rnya . u
b i
D at id Yogyakarta Pa ad ta gng a 6l1 A rp il 2013 Ya gn em yn atakan
Raras Sekar nK asih i
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A TBS R T AC
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K asih, Raras Sekar (2013): The eM na i gn of L vo e pE erie cx n ed yb Fird sa t eu h
Main C ract rha e in aN w la El-Saadaw si’ W m no a at oP i tn Ze or : Facul yt fo
Teache sr aT i gr n a din n uE cati nd o , Depa mtr e tn fo La un age a dg n rA ts uEd cait , on g
n
E il hs Educati no Study rP o rg a ,m Sana at hD a ar nm U iverstiy.
n a m o
W at oP int Ze or i a vs no e hlw ci h ed la s wi ht a ilfe of a mw an named o d
ri
F aus. hS e ilv se in a pa irt archal os ci te y in Eg . hypt S e is cate rg ized as a mo w an o o
h
w si looki gn f ro a t er l vu o e. h
T e aim of t sh st yi u is od t rev ae l ht e possible m ae nings of vl e o e px e ire cn ed yb Fi dr a .su hT ere are t ow problems ot a wn er. s F srist i “ wH so i
d ri
F a su de ip cted in the vn el?” eo s c do is “W tn h are the oa p s ls e m aib e n of ving l e o e px e ire cn ed yb Fi dr a su ? .”
s i h
T study e pm l yo s ifve the ro si oe t be su ed, name yl , the yo nr o characte ,r the yo of chara tr c erizaiton, the yo of l vr o e, the yo of r k e nart s ani ms , a dn the yo of r m vo ation. it T his study me pl so the y p csy hological approa h to ac nalyze ht e mea gn fin o dF a ’ri u s love .
It si found uo t th ta Fridaus si a p a nrot g i .to s Firdaus’ cha ar cteri its cs cha en g f mr a o poor girl b ce mo es a csu c ses f lu w an, iom q et eu b c mo es reb le ilous, i onn c ten b ce mo es ma et , a dur n nu con ifde tn b ce o em s c no fide tn . S ce no d, l vo e w ch shi i e px e ire cn ed yb F a srid u ac n eb desc bir ed as an i llusion, be rtaya ,l inconsisten ce, a dn e px ectati no . vL e in her ilfe can so a o be c el at go irzed in op er t tc i no b( ef eo r get it gn ma irr e )d , mate irails m(duri gn her ma rr ai ge) a dn disguis d i te n enitons (after her am irr age .)
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F f ru e res atu e rche sr , ti is s gu es eg t d ht at they if dn uo t ht e em a gn fin o w
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p er in Fi dr aus’ el . fi T vhis no e is also el r c mom e dn ed to be su ed as the mate lir a to et ca h tI en nsive R ae d IingI .
Keywords: dF a ,sri u prosittuiton, lo l tieral eve, m ani gn , fi rg ative eu m ani gn
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ABSTRAK
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K asih, Ra sr Seka ,r a (2013): T e eh M na i gn fo L e E pov x erie cn ed yb iF rdaus h
t e M na i C rac eha t r ni aN w la El-Saadaw s’i W m no a at oP i tn Ze or : Pendidi nk a
a
B hasa Inggris, Jurusan aB hasa d na Se in , Fa tlk as Keu guruan d na Il um Pe dn i kd a ,i n U ers sniv ti Sana aa t hD arma .
n a m o
W at oP i tn Z re o a l hdaa sebuah on v le y ga ber en c ri at tentang e
k hidupan es or ga wn antia b re nama Firdau .s Dia hidup di m yaras a y gkat a n menganut paham partiark lh ia d Me .ris aD ii d kategorik na sebagai seorang wantia y ga menc in a ci ar n s jt ea y .itn a
n a u j u
T rd i st ia u ini ad a l hd a untuk mengungk pa k na a rit d iari c an y gt a n dialami lo eh Firdaus. Terdapat d ua masalah y ga din rumusk .a Pertn ama,
a g a
b imana Fridaus digambark na ad l ma vn e .l Keo d aua, a a itp r c ni ta se trp i y ge a n dialami ot k ho ut aa m dalam on v . el
d u t
S i i in mengaplikasik na il am teo ir nu tuk membantu menganal ai s a
s a
m l ha y ga ln t hea dirumusk .a n D tianaranya a l hdaa te io k ar a kte ,r er t o ri karakte sr tik, ei t ori cinta, te ro i k ra et snan, d ean t ori m iv .iot a S rs k si i i ip n menggunak na pe en k nd a p kta si ologi nu tuk menganailsa ra ti c ai ment nurut peme nr uta ama.
li s a
H st iu nd i i y ga pen rtama adalah gambaran iF rdau ,s dia es bagai tok ho op tr agoni .s Kar ka et ri its k Firdaus berganti ad ir aw la sampai akhir rc ita . e Dia digambark na pada mulanya sebagai gadis sm k ni i me dn i ja w tia uan s kse ,s pe dn i ma me dn i peja mbangka l ung, u menj ig a de ad w s ,a nd t aa i k d percaya d iri me dn i percaya di .ija r Ke ad u adalah pe gn eritan c ni ta y ga dial mn a i lo eh firdaus .
a d
a lah il iu , pes nghianatan, keti kd k na o is ts e nn , aa d n harapan. Cinta y ga n dialaminya j au g b isia d ka et g kori na sebagai per ilndungan s( eb le mu m k ,)eni a h meny ga kut an h tr a-be an sd ( lea pe nma r ki ahan ,) nd aa m k us t te sr elubung s( ete hl a pe ir kn ahan) .
i g a
B para pene ilti be ir kutnya disarank na u k mentu mbahas a arit d ri kek au s na aa d l ma kehidupan Firdaus. Nov le ii n juga di er k mo enda isk na sebagai
a
m t neriu tuk me an j rg a tI e in n esv Reading .II
K aa k nt u c :i Firdaus pro tsi st i, c nu i t ,a ta i ter rsurat, ita te ir r r ts a
i v i
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N K C
A OW EL DGEMENTS
I rp ia se lA al h ym Lo dr f ro a ll lb e ss i gn ni ym ilf ,e f ro ht e rts e gn th th ta has b ee n vg en to ei m os I can struggle this af r. I ht a kn lA al h f ro b ie gn os rg te oa t accompa yn em la go hn t e way, il ts e gn to yin m rp aye sr os th ta I can ifni hs ym th ie s we ll a ds n f ro be gi my fan bulous f ire dn ot s e a ll har sighs a dn rd ae m .s
I would like ot ht a kn sD . r A . He unt r j yi a on , .t M A ,. hP . .D , w was oho s pa itent in g i guidn me to nif si h my thesis ht at t ko a o long ti em . I ht a kn mh ri f so h i a id ce, ki nv nd e s, a ds n itme. I would a ol l ks i e ot give my rg a itt du e ot rD s. Ba ilr Bram, .M E hd,. P . ,.D ow was so ki dh n ni ch ce k yingm ht esis. My rg ta it du e a ol s
o
g es ot la l my el c rt es nu i PB ,I tha sn f rk o be gi rn g ae t lec rt e .u s y
M rg ae te ts rg ita t e is rud f yo m famil , oy w never h stopssupporitng me a dn t ur ts gi en m . yM father, w never s sho top rp a iy ng, b le ieves that I iw ll f ii sh yn m
t
s du y. I uw ld lo a os ilke to give my rg at ti du e to ym m ho er, ot w a wh l a sy l vo se em a dn vg es ei m suppo tr, da yn m beloved si ts er, w a who l a sy om t vi ates em ot eb be tter than I w sa . yM sp ce ial rg at ti du e og es ot ym boyf ire dn Endry a dn ym f ire sn in d P Haya, L aB:I a , B el r , Popon, A a dsty n Dei f ro o aur f ub l so u f irendship. Last tb tu n lea ,to s I w ld like to hou t a kn la l pe lo e hp t at I ac n not
e
m nt ni no o e yb no e w have a sho l o b ee n pa tr fo the p e sroc s of com lp e git t sn h i th ie s. May lls a lb e ss i gn oc me ot .su
a
R r sa Se rk a Kinasih
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Table of
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T T EL PAGE………i R
P P
A OVAL PAGES………... ii E
T A T
S MENT FO WOR SK OR’ IGINALITY………...iv
R E
P NYATAAN P SETUJ AER U N PUBLIKASI………………………………………...v ABSTRACT……… ... .v i
A R T S B
A K……………………………………………………………………………… .... vii ACKNOW EL DGEMENTS……… ..v iii
A
T B EL FO CONTENTS………. . x..i LI TS FO A EPP NDICES………. ix
R E T P A H
C I... i
O I T C U D O R T N
I N... 1
A. Background fo et h Study... 1
B. Objecitve fo et h Study... 2
C. ProblemFormulaiton ... 2
D. Beneftis fo et h Study... 3 E. Deifnition fo Terms ... 3
R E T P A H
C II... 6
REVIEW FO RELATEDLITERATURE ... 6
A. Review fo RelatedStudies ... 6
B. Review fo RelatedTheo ires... 8
C. Context fo et h Novel ... 61
D. TheoreitcalFramework ... 71
R E T P A H
C III ... 81
G O L O D O H T E
M Y... 81
A. Object fo et h Study... 81
B. Approach fo et h Study ... 91
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C. Method fo et uh S dyt ... 91 R E T P A H
C VI ... 12
I S Y L A N
A S ... 12
A. Fridaus’Depiciton... 12
B. T heMeanings fo LoveExpeirenced yb Fridaus ... 03
R E T P A H
C V... 94
C N O
C LUSIONSANDSUGGESTIONS ... 94
A. Conclusions... 94
B. Suggesitons ... 05
E C N E R E F E
R S... 25
E C I D N E P P
A S ... 45
x i d n e p p
A 1... 55
x i d n e p p
A 2... 65
x i d n e p p
A 3... 75
x i d n e p p
A 4... 16
x i d n e p p
A 5... 56
x i d n e p p
A 6... 96
x i d n e p p
A 7... 07
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L ti fs o A e ipp n edc s Page
3. 1 iP c rt es fu o Nawal lE – aS adawi………..………. 16 3. 2 iP c rt es fu o W mo an ta Point Ze ’r vo C eo r………. 26 3. 3 mSu m yar fo t eh N eov l………... 36 3.4 Bi ro a yg p fh o Nawal El-S aa da iw……….………67 3. 5 yS lla sb fu o tI en nsive eR a gd Iin I ………71 3. 6 Le nsso lP an ot Te ha tc I en in s ve eR a gd in II……… ………72 3. 7 Teac gh Mate ir lin a………76
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INTRODUCTION
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T cha tp er is divided oi f vnt i e parts. hT e first pa tr is B ca kground fo y
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S hw ich reveals the r sea o of cn onduct gi t en h study. hT e es c do is bn O je tc i ev of ht e St yu d w ch d ahi e sl w tih the a mi of conduc git un s dy. ht T e t dh is ri Problem
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F m lu ati so , w in h ch c vo e sn y the problems ht ta liw l be sd c si u ed. hs T e fou trh si e
B n fe tis of ht e Study which provides ht e a vd a gn es f rta o t eh r ae der a dn the future re es archers. hT e la ts is D fe ii t nn i of Te so r m w ch shi d c si u es the es m ani gn of et h related words to a dv t eoi h er aders’ im s du e tn r as nding.
A. Background fo et h Study
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P e sm , p al ys, se sa sy , a dn vn els are mo s e exa lo m es of tip l era yr works t hat the rw iter lea nr ed os f ra . A il et ra yr work ac n be eo fn o em dia hw ci h enabl se pe po el to ld iver he t e ri f ee il , ng thoughts, a dn e px e iren ec s. tiL era yr w k e kor v es o the sensiitvtiy of a uh am n bei gn be ac su e it si the imr of hror t e r ae l l efi . nI r ae d ing
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s yo , or p me s, ro a yn iltera yr works, we n ee d ot du e sn r at dn ed eper to c ca h et t h mea nn g. hi T e er a ns co hooses vno e as a l source f ro it s hh t e is s beca su e vn el ao c n be a good me id a to d le vi er ms eo body’s f ee li gn through w irt gi . n Through vn el o t eh aut rh shares ho t e ri li ef e px e ire cn es ro mi aginaitons.
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T is vn el eo d la s iw th a life of a w an mom n ed a F a srid u . hS e si s ae rc gh f rin o eh r t ur e l eo . v G has given men a dod n w en a pi uom o s vl e a do n ps irit si cn e ht ey a er
n r o
b os t sh ti hought ale d hs t e w er orti t choose ht e ho er t it o c hp t ta si l vo e instead
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of fe nm i mi s . T e h w er be ileves that we are cre trti a ed f or m ht e ms e begi ia n gnn and u
h am n b ie gn s are c er ated f mr do A am a dn vE e s’ vl e. ho T e ht i gn s th ta am ek o
w em n a dn men fid ferent are et h s e ,oci t ey t e vh n ironme tn , ht e cutlure, t eh w ae ht er, a dn the ge ro a hg p ci la posiit no be dh hin t em. T his study sd c si u es t es h
o
p s bs ei l mea gn of in love beca su e after er adi gn ht e vn el, there are mo s e pa so tr fo t sh vi n el ho w ci h is re al ted to vl e. ho T e rw tier u es s a the yo r w ch be vhi ile e hs t at l vo e m ae ns giving da recei in v gn as c tied f mr the yo o of r katresnanism yet f ro
d ri
F a su , l vo e mean di fs f ere tn . hT e rw tier is c ru i uo s a ub t Fi do r a ’u ap ts a yh of love. h
T is c ru iostiy lea sd t eh w er orti t choose the pt co i a ub t l vo o e e px e nire c d ye b d
ri
F a su t eh ma ni cha ar cter ni Woman ta oP i tn Ze or .
B. Objecitve fo et h Study
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T e bo je tc vi e of it s h study is ot reve la ht e p i lossb e em ani sn of l eg o v e px e ire cn ed yb F a srid u the m na chara ti c er in Nawal lE -S aa daw ’is Woman ta
o
P i tn Ze or .
C. Pr lo em ob F r um l ta ion
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T study f ro m lu ates ot w proble s to em b a wn e ,s r na eed m l :y 1. H sowi Fi dr a su dep ci ted ni Woman ta iP nt Ze oo r ?
2. What are the m ae nings of vl e as e po x er ei cn ed yb ht e ma ni chara tc er of t eh v
o n el?
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D. Be en f sti fo et h Study
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F the r ae de sr , it s h study ass ti s hs t me ot comprehe dn Woman at oP i tn Zero ae is ly b aec u e it s provides det ia led informaiton a ub t the cha ao r cte sir tics fo
d ri
F aus. hT is study la os hel sp ht e r ae de sr ot get a be tter du e tn r a ds n i gn ab he .r out h
T e irw et r a ol gives hs t e e lx an tp aions related ot et h p i lossb e m ae ni sn of l eg o v e px e ire cn ed yb Fi dr a .su hT ere are s aurf c e meani gn s w ch are a ehi rl a yd rw i tten
n w o
d ni the vn el a do n d ee per em anings hw ci h are mi lp i ic t yl c vo ered i dn e t esi h t
s ro y. hT e deeper meanings uus a yll eem r e after we r ag e d the vn el vo o er a dn vo er again. hT e w er erti xpects ht is study am kes t eh r ae de sr u e snd r at dn e sa i yl ht e mea gn fin o l vo e ni her l .fi e
s i h
T vn el ao c n be usef lu f ro ht e et ca h lea ning r i gn ca vit tiy. tI ac n be a su ed as ma et iral f ro ht e teacher ot teach nI et sn ive r ae di gn II . hT e story ab out
s o r
p it ut it no wi ll be an ni et resitng ui e oss t t ae ch a ld t st du u ents w a eho r om ts yl cu irous ab th tout a ta ob o word -- p or ts uti t .i on Another be en tif is ot provide inf ro m ta i no f ro the fut ru e re es arche sr w are intere tho s ed in l tierature a dn iw ll gi n to gd ui o t ho er tt opics re tl ed oa t Woman ta P t Ze ooin r , f ro exam ep , to if dl n to u t eh ed ep meani gn fo wp er in Fi do r a ’u s point fo iv e .w
E. Definition fo Terms
s i h
T part ed ifnes t ow terms th ta are m to ly us ds e in t sh ti s yu od t a ov id m si c no ec tp i no f mr ho t e reade sr in the future. hT e f lo l wo i gn are ht e meanings of t eh imp a to tr n terms that a er su e .d
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1. Love
May (1974) ts ates that vl e is a go h e u word that ac n cha gn e s mo e no e s’ lr
o
w d .When we “fall” in vl e, as the e ro x e sp s ive ve br p ti, the ruts w ld s ko h es a da n cha gn es around su , on t no ly ni ht e way it looks tb ru o u w e e phol x er ei cn e of hw at we are doing ni ht e wo lrd. Pi so l vu o e also makes s mo e rth e sa d are va in s dh . ve E en though in l no le ni e ss , pi uo s vl e can ma eo k pe po le eb c eo tm sronger than ve er. yB imagi gn s min o e no e we vl e, we can ao e is ly f go et llr a pa ni we endured. T hhis t e ss i c co e sn r l vn o e ht at is e px erien ec d yb the m n c rai h ca a ter of Woman at oP int Ze ,r o
d ri
F aus. eS ph s e sn her life od t es arch f ro her urt e l vo e tu il hn s e re za es il t hat o
w em n f or m a wl er o s al toci s a st ou d tn dese vo r e to be vl ed as well so a et m oh w h co em f mr a higer oo s c ai l ts ta su . eB ac su e of ht e er je tc ni f oo r m os cie yt , F a srid u d ce di es ot be a op tr s uti et t makes her far f mhat r a divine l vo o e. May (1974)
m
e phasizes at t l vh o e a ol m as e sn sex. Fi dr a su e px e irences vl e f oo r m em n around her as o a nly s xe tn a o pious love .
2. Meaning
n
I ht is ts yu , hd t e rw i rt e proposes t wo probl s hem w ci h consist of t eh char ca ter si itcs fo ht e ma ni cha ar cter a dn the m ae ni sn of l vg o e e px e iren ec d yb et h main cha ar cter. hT e ed f ii t nn i of eo m ani gn is id vided i on ot t w k s. hind T e ifr ts si l tier la m ae ni gn a dn ht e s ce o snd i ed eper ro if rg a vu it e mea gn . tiin L eral em ani gn si the sta dn a dr mea gn , as in opposed ot its mea gn nin i t eh f rigu a ve eit u . s Figura vit e mea gn sin i a c no s ip c uu s depa ro tr e f ou r m hw at compe et tn su e sr of a la un age g
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a rp ehe dp n sa ht e ts a dn a dr meani gn of words, ro e sl e ht e sta dn a dr words ni do er r to ca h ei ev some s ep cial ame n ringo ef ef ct (Abram ,s 2005) .
Literal em ani gn ac n be s mi p fied as the eil m a gn in w ch the r ahi e de sr get f mr ho t e te tx . hT e literal meani sn are g w t ha eha v been rw i tten ni ht e vn el. eo T h d ee per ro fi rg ative me nu a i sn are hg t e mea gn s hin t ta c eo pm u f or m the er aders’ imagina nit a do n ti e rn r etati .p on
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T P A H
C ER II
REV EI W FO RELAT DE L TI E AR T RU E
s i h
T cha tp er co sts of hnsi t e the iro es a dn approach iw ch are sh u ed to sol ev the problems. T chis h er is apt divided ni to f ro pa su tr . hT e f tri ss i R ew fevi o
e
R lated Studi nes i hw ci h ht e irw et r gives ms e reviews f oo r m ht e rp e uv s stio u dy. h
T e es c do sn i eR iv ew fo eR lated hT eo ire ;s st s chi e ti no eb c mo es a t lo oo t ana elyz the bo ject of the us dy a dt n to a wn er the s proble sm . hT e thi dr is C to e tn x of et h
v o
N el d ae sl w tih et h background of the vn el. ho T e last si hT e ro te ci al Framework, h
w ci h ed la s iw th yw a dh n wh eo t the irh o es are a pp lie .d
A. Revi we fo R le ta ed uS dies t
Pa ny e ni her e ss ay c ic srti i m “A W mo an at P t Ze ooin r : Nawal El Saadaw F m’is e ni si t Picaresq ” uue. S the no r uH am ni ites Review 62 , on . 1 w( in et r
2 9 9
1 , p. 11 -18 c tied f mro B koo Rags Lite ar t ru e rC i itc mi s s etat s that et vh n el o re rp ese sn an i tt n ere ts i gn con ifgura nito of na rr a vit e sourc a de n perspe vc e, be git i n es es tn i la ly the w e s'rti r es l ce vit e a dn imagin ta vi e rea rr a gn eme tn of an ro al yl
r
p ese tn ed autobiogra yp . hh S e a ol s as t ted th ta Woman ta oP i tn Zerois e dv e ci n e of the endu irng tta ar c nit fo o the cp arei sque m f ooit t ht e m do e nr litera yr mi a ng ati ,i o n a dn of its a pp eal in particular ot those, like el aS ada iw , w are c cho o e dn rne w tih t eh nu e uq al struggle be wt ee n t eh sd e tis n i gn i dn ivi ud al a dn a re rp se s oives ciety .
Ma ytl -Be kr eley ni her st yu d Me ,n W e ,om n da n G s: N aod a l el w Saadawi d
n
a Arab Feminist Poetics (1995) states ht ta ti ts a sn as a md s a ll wonder fo a
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k o o
b , its 41 pag s1 e unroll gi nn i an ni et sn e a dn se ma el ss na rr ative, ps a ,r g ae r ec f ,lu a dn elegant. hS e hs ared her cu irosi yt ot Woman at P t Ze ooin r by showing ht e te tx b leo w;
I ps ed through ti ni no e bre ta lh se s hour a dn a ha ,fl a dn my e px er ei cn e isn t’ u
s u n
u a ;l Woman at P t Zero oin is the vn el of lo E S aa dawi s’ iw ch is m th o s often found no nu iver ys c irti u cula, a dr n ht is iq ck a du n tp e to n e px e ire en c of er adi gn is li ek ly ht e r ae s on w tI shy. i on t a book w ch hi bows to, ro nee sd , un an ec : Fi dr a su is nu com cp atedly he cil r , a doi n ht e f co e of t er h
k o o
b r ile es no t eh e r major om tif :s et h blows fo f ta e ot w ih ch F a srid u si e
j b u
s ct, ht e os cial survelilan ec w ch e rthi n a sp her, a dn the a pp e tit es fo me ,n iw ch deh vour he .r
Marlo, ht e w eirt r of M t tua Me gn ssa e Down U ernd (2004) states t hat Wo am n ta oP int Ze or is a wp erf lo u vno e beca sl u e ht is is tn a na ro r ta vi e uy wa to n to r ae d no a par itcu al ylr da kr day ro l wo op i tn ni your li ef nu less uy ao c n c eo m away iw th a se sn e of rg ita t e f rud o your o exper ewn i nce. Fi dr a su rg a cphi a yll a dn
n
u aba hs e yd rev ll e s ha t e m vo e nt t wme o a dr a fre in ed dan ez c iw th f ae r a dn a gn e ,r n
o e slowly picki gn pu tempo w each atih m n ro ow man w w lho a ked ni da away n f mr her eo l ca yfi r ing a mr s a ll ep ce fi o her soul .
h
T e studies of Woman ta oP i tn Ze or have also been d e yon b some re es archers. Dewi Maharani Purba in her study A S y of the atud M ni aC ra th ce r’s
t o
M ivat ni f ro o Accepitng et De hh a Se tt n ence (2006) states ht at t sh i novel desc bir es a ow am n w ho srtuggles f ro ha pp ine ss ht ta lea sd her f or m ht e despa ri fo an abusive ch lidhood ot the wa lls of a p irson c le l. tI si e ax ined t apl h t the main char ca ter of Woman at P t Z roin e o acce sp the death beca st u e of ht e in et nr al fact ro that hs e wa sn ot t s wh her oo pr t agai test n me ss n n’ u fair tr ae mt e tn wt a do r ow m ne a dn to s wh her eo s lf-e ts ee m. A ther eno r sa no is ex et nr al fac st hor t at co em f mr o abuse; hs e e px e ire cn es na nu af ri ert atment f or m pe lo e ap round her t ah t km es ra h e
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t kh hin t ta the os cie yt od es tn co a ec tp her. Another study is f mr Oe go n oY le ,i a
Fe nm i mi s as Re lf ce ted in Naw la lE Saadaw si’ No lv e Woman at oP i tn Ze or 0
0 2
( 0). S e ela rh b toa es ht e femi mnis ht ta s ee n of m the vr n el o Woman at oP i tn Zero through Fi dr aus’ ma nn e sr ht ta hs e wants ot od hw ta men ac n od , hs e chooses to leave her house oh ld da b cn e o em an di epen ndent p t tros ti e even u though hs e wi ll be se tn e cn ed ot ed a ht eb ac su e of murderi gn a pimp. nI 2011, Putir ni rh he t e ss i
Firdaus Se ra c gh f rin o rF ee d som a P ra eo tr y d ni N aa l lw E Saadaw s’i Woman ta o
P i tn Ze or a ol es b comes et irh w te sr f’ r eren ee c .s Putir proposes rt ee h problem .s t
s ri
F is wh Eo gypti n oa s c yi et porrtayed ni the on vel. S ce o snd i wh ho t e os c yi et tr ae st w en as om porrtayed yb the cha ar cter of dF a sri u ni ht e vn el. o Thrid is w hy
d ri
F a su srtuggl s oe t get her f er e md . ho T e results is F a srid u lives ni a pa irt arc lh a soci te y in w ch hhi t ere is a os cial classif ci a nit a do n w en are also a wom l a sy ni me sn ’ oppre ss i no . hT e la ts re ls t su i dF a ’ri u m vs o a nit it in s ao e rc gh f rin o fr ee d om are ca su ed yb f ro re su a no s, t sh e are ho t e tsrong domina nito of men in her l efi , t eh soci te sy bad rte t’ a ments wt a do r w en, her apa yom t ah b vout l e, a do n the al st si
d ri
F a ’u ha rted fs o me .n
B. Revi we fo R le ta ed Theor si e
s i h
T es tc ni wi ll so d c si u hs t e ht e ro i se ht at are su ed ni et ana sh l i .s hy T ey a er the yo nr o character a dn char ca teriza nit , the yo o of r love, ht e yo of r katresnanism, a dn ht e yo fr o m vo ati .it o n
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1. T eory fh o C rac rha t e
r b
A a sm p( . 02 , 1985) as tes th tt a cha ar cter si ht e na em of litera yr ge rn e, t eh pe nrso rp esented ni ad matic rr o na rr ta vi e work in w ch readers thi i e rn r et t ep h char ca ter sa be gi en ndowed w tih m al, ior d s op as l, a dn emoitona ul q alit si e (cha ar cte sir ti sc ) tt are e rha x e sp s ed in w he sa shat y d( ial uo e) a dg n yb hw at he od es (act )ion. A a sbr m (1985, p. )2 e0 d f ni ed char ca ter oi ont t ki sw n , the first sd i as a l tiera yr ge rn :e a shor,t uu ally is w t yt , sketch in p e of a di nros s ctive t pit y e fo pe or n. S cs e o snd i as t eh pe nrso , in a rd ama itc ro na rr ta vi e work, endowed w tih m ro la a dn disposti ni al uo q al tiies tt are e rha x e dp sse in w t hha t ey say-the id a ulog e- a dn hw at they od -t eh acit on.
t
S i ll, a cc do i gr n to Abrams ni A G s rlos a y of Ltierary Te srm (1985, p. )2 4 there are t ow ki sn of cha ad r c et sr , e al b ted as folora lows. A flat cha ar cter is de nif ed as a cha ar cter w ch is rhi p ese tn ed generally a dn iw th much detail inf mout o ati .r o n
n
O ht e c no tra yr , round hc a ar cter is defined as a hc a ar ec r t w ch is m rhi o e compl xe than f al t cha ar cter. hT e round char ca ter w lil deve pl a do n the deve mlop e tn of et h
d n u o
r cha ar cter ms e mo it es surp irses the r ae der. hT e aut rh creates the ho c a ar c et r through et cha ah r cterizait on.
h
C a ar cter is commonly su ed in t wa swo y . hT e f sri t is t ah t cha ar c et r desi ng a htes t e indivi ud als w a pho p ae r in the story. hT e sec do sn i t cha ahat r c rt e refe sr to t eh m t rixu e fo ni et r te ,s desires, ms e oiton ,s a dn m l ora p c lirn i es t tp h a ma sk pe u e ca h fo ht ese indivi ud la s S( at nt no , 1965, .p )1 . Cha a7 r cter gives a
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e
c tr ia n us a nti it ro o circ mu ts an ec in ht e st yo becau er s he ro hs e shows sh ri o her m
e ot ni s. o
2. T eory fh o C rac eha t riza iton
y h p r u
M (1972) ts ates there are nn e ways hi w ere ht e author char ca te ir zes hi hs er in a v/ n e .l He cha ao r ect ir hzes t e character through pe nrso a descript .l i tI on is at w ch hhi t e author describ se a pers ’o s a en p aran ep c a dn lc ho es. et T aut rh h o
d i v o r
p es the er ade sr de it ls of ha t e cha ar cter, namely, the posture, et col rh o of t eh s nk , hi t e ha ri, ht e fa ec , ht e c ol thi gn . Next is char ca ter as es en yb a hn er in he eot r the author desc bir es him/her through the ey se a dn the opinion of a hn er hot t en t eh reade sr get a reflected imag .e hT e author provides ht e si i hn g t of ht e char ca ter ni the bookthrough hw ta the pe nrso sa sy . Whenever a pe nrso ps ea ,sk hw enever eh si in a c vo e sn r a nit io w th another, hw enever he p f wuts o a dr r an opinion, ht e aut rh o giv se t eh er ade sr some c ul es ab south cha ai r cte .r
h
T e aut rh eo l ts ht e er a sd aer l ne r ab a persout o pa tn’s s fil e in do er or t tg e the informaiton ab the aout p ts eve sn t t have hhat s aped a person’s cha ar cter in et h
r
p esent. hT e inf mo ati nr o a ub t ho t e chara tc e sr ’ p life is vast g en i through a rid e tc comment yb ht e autho ,r ht e person’s thoughts, ro his c vo e sn r a nit . eo T ah uthor giv se ht e er ade sr c ul es through the c vo e sn r aitons of ho er pe lt o e a dp n ht e thi sn g they say ab him. mout S etimes we can uo s mma zir e wh mo s e no o e s’ pe nrso a ites il through hw at pe lo e ap t kl ab mout h /her. hi T e aut rh let ho t e r ae de sr know ab out person’s cha ar cterisitcs through hi hs er rea it/ c o ons t ce tra ni is tu ita no ro events ro
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b o r
p l s eem h / hs e faces. hT e author ac n a ol describe rs o c mom ent no a person’s char ca ter ed ctly ori t de ip ct t eh cha ar cter si itc .s
h
T e author vg es the re di a e sr rid ect knowl ged e fo hw at he/she si thinking a ub t. ho T e aut rh lo a so vg es hi t e r ae de sr the lc ue about person’s cha ar cter through a person’s ma nn e irsm ro hab ti .s
3. T eory fh o Love
t
S e br e gn r (1986) ts ates ht e tr ai n agul r ht e yo of vr l e ho w ci h is vd ided i oi n t t rh ee pa :tr ts i im cn a y, passion, a dn com tim m ne t. nI t mi ca y c vo e sr f le i ge n of c sl ene so s , connecte nd e ss , a dn boundar ei s. Wi ht ni t ai cy, the vm l ers bec eo o m c sl er, i to n er-depe dn a tn , a dn yp cs hologic yall theri self-c co epts begin on t vo er al .p Pas ns c nio o s ti s of fs i a un t ta ni , ho t e strong me oitons, a dn ht e a rtt a tc i no . tI involves a h level figh o t tr be wus t ee n ot i dw n i uv a .sid l
Pas is no c vo e sr a vd e hir t ta lea sd ot mr a eo n , yc ph s cal i atrtacti no , a dn se ux al consumma oit n. C mo m mti ent c vo e sr , in the s rh t te mo r , the d ie si nc o ot rema ni w tih a on ther, a dn ni ht e long te mr , they hs are ca ih e mv e se n a dt n lp a sn . S et bn e ’r s t rg h ee a es c sp t fo love a er kil e yl to hs ift through et ch ourse fo a relaitonshi .p
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h
T e at lb e of combinaitons of i itn macy, pa ss i ,o a dn n com im tment f mr o t
S e bn e gr w he pill l t eh rw iter ot ana elyz et h problem f ro m lu ta ions ae is l .y
T ba el .1 T py es fo L eo v
i b m o
C naitons of ti in macy,passio ,n and com tment mi c
a m it n
i y Passion Commtim t en k
i
L i gn ro Friend hs ip x n
I fatuaiton ro Li rm e ce n e x t
p m
E y oL ve x
m o
R a cn Love it x x m
o
C panionate Love x x s u o u t a
F vL e o x x
e t a m m u s n o
C vL e o x x x
h
T e t py e of l vo e can be simplified yb using it s ta eh b . il D ffere tn stages a dn t py se of vl e are e lo x a np i ed, sa follows: kil i gn char ca terizes t ur e fr ei dn s ph , ni i
h
w ci h a pe nrso fee sl cl so en se s a dn warmth iw th another ub t tn to i e sn n e passion ro l go - en t mr co mm ti em tn . nI f ua ated l vt o e is li ek l vo e at f tri hs s t tig b tu i i an m cy a dn co mm ti em tn h sa on t exi ts ed yet. fI tn a uated vl e lio w l on longer exist. E ty vmp l e o is vl e at o w ch hhi t e commitme tn rem ia sn tb t eu h ni t ai cy a dm n pa ss i no vh e ia d ed
r
o there is on m ro e l vo e ni ht e comm ent be etim t en t ow w persons. R mo a itn c l vo e sr are bonded me ot ni a yo ll a dn physi lly ca through passionate arousal. Companionate l vo e si found ni ma irr ag se in w ch the pahi ssion has ng e to o of the lu r a ne it s ,o h ip
u
b t a ed ep affect ni a do n c mom i mt e tn r me ain. tI is genera yll a pe nrso al relaiton u
o
y ib ld iu w th os em body uy ho s are your il ef wi ht , ub t iw th on se ux al ro physic l a desire. But the lr ati ne o is s rtonger ht an f ire dn ship beca su e of ht e extra e el em tn fo co mm ti em nt. T vhe l e do i eal yl shared be wt een f ia ly membe sm r is a rf m fo o compa nn ate l vio o e. tI is la os ab cari gout n ce h ha o er tt b w tiu h se uout x al d ie esr b te ew en b of hoth t e pe nrso ; ti is like er al itonshi sp bet ew en ed ep f ire sn od w ha eh v
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spe dn a ol t fo t mi e gt e ho t er. Fatuous vl e so i e ex mp ed yilif b a hw irlw c rind o t pu s hi a dn am irr age ni hw ci h a com tim ment si m iv tot a de la gr e yl by passion, without t eh
a t
s biilzing ni f ul ence of i itn macy. describes consumm te va l e as ho t e oc mpl ee t f mo fr o vl e, re ro p esent gi the dn i e la rela nit ship wo t a do r w ch ma yhi n peo lp e stirve
u
b t hw ci h a pp are yn f wlt e ca h ei ve tS e br e gn r 1( 9 68 , p. 341). hT e ma ti a nn i i gn of consummate vl e ao m y be ha dr er ht an ac ih evi gn it. He rts e ss se ht e impo tra cn e fo tra sn l ta i gn t eh com np ents fo o love is ma ek ti to an acti .o n
A cc ording ot aM y 9(1 7 p. )4, 3 there are f r7 o u kinds of love. nO e is s xe , ro h
w at we c lla l tu , ls ibido. hT e s ce o is nd e or s, ht e d e of virv l e oo t op cr ar e te ro c er ate- ht e gu e, as er t rh G ee sk up t it, wt a so r d h er f righ o ms of be gi and n relaitonship. A t dh sri i p i ah il , ro f irendship, brotherly vl e. ho T e fou trh is agape ro
a
c ritas as ht e L ita ’n s called i ,t t eh vl e t ao h t is de ov et d to et wel ah f re of the othe ,r t eh prototype fo iw ch is t eh h l eo fv o dG f ro o ma .n
May c tied Plato th ta l vo e s rp i gn s f mr eo n ed; t th a w ever vho l e ,s o desrie ,s a dn ht at w ever desires cho la k a ds n en e sd hw at eh de ris es. He sa di vl e co annot eb
d o o
g a dn b ae utif ;lu a dn if we od , ht en we um ts al ck of rn c so o t tn ti ive fu o n
d o o
g ess a dn b ae yu nt i ht e l vo er. vLo e e o: r s, as ti a sir es ni ma sn c s’ o ci sn o u l fie, is a vd e t wir o a dr immo tral union wi ht th ta which he n ee sd to make him hap py. A cc do i gr n ot rF e du , l vo e is a yp chical ws p er no i tis o ri hwn g t. eT h d irving f ro ce
f
o ma ’n s li ef is his i tn inc .ss t l
P a ot : E is: a vros d e to hair ppiness, rF e du : e sr so i bil i od , li ob sid i love. rF o r
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ge in lt sea x i yualt . hT e e ss e itn al tn i no o of vl e no i rF e du si desi ,r ire p ma yr eli s x ual desi er , f ro an bo je tc iw ch vh g es hi t e l vo er p ale s e. Acc dur o i gr n ot Til ilch, l vo e f ro Ti ll ci h si tn no o ly ht e rela nit of e so r , e io p thymia, a dn hp liia tb al ou s the rela nit o of lla ht ese t rh ee ot C rh i ts ai n aga .p ve L e so i no e of t sh e eleme so n of ht t e r eal
h
w ci h are c no sti ut itve of eve hr ing hyt t at si . L e eov m a sn sd c vi o eri gn hw at si co mm no in eve yr e px e nir ce fe o love.
4. T eory fh o K eatr snanism
n
I do er to a or v id imsunde sr tanding f mr ho t e er ade ,sr the w er al orti s su es et h the yo of r katrenanism p( i so l vu o e) by He ur j niya to (2007). He states ht at pi so u love si a term hw ci h fr e se r to the re us lt of an induc vit e work f nu ctioning as a rem er a dind n invtiaiton (eli gn -keli gn a )n of no e s’ t ur e self (ja it diri) a dn no e s’ ex si te cn e w ch was rhi g a tn ed ud e ot katre as nn v( ine vdi l e) as o soon sa no e w as
n r o
b . hT e di ea of t sh the yi o is ‘r g ii gvn is receiv ’ing . P t vosii e thinking eb com se the ce rtn la of ht e yo of r k ra et snanism. When a vl er has a o posiitve thinking along he h/r si er al itonship, ti wi ll ug arantee such a long las it gn relaitonshi .p oP is vit e t kh i gin n ac n be a t lo oo t ub lid us ch a divine l eo th tv a m ae sn yours a dn m ni e a er
e n o .
He jr aui nto e lx ipa sn later ab oout p is tive thinking th ta it ma ek s e ca h spouse r
o c po eu l du e tn r a ss n th td a ht i gn s us ch as no e’s work ni( lcuding no e s’ o wn work .)
K ra et snanism rb i sn 9g 9 p irnc lip se tb there are 3u 3 w ch have b ehi e n sd ci ussed. o
h
T s re p inci lp es are et re rh p ese tn ta ni of o posiitve thinking. hT ey are a lp epi d ot e
e
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these rp inc li es, the rp w iter liw l an la zy e the sp s lo i e m ab e n of ing F a ’rid u l vs o e. h
T e yo of r katr se nanism will es ek hw ta rp in ic p sl he t at have eb en l to rs d i gu n d
ri
F a ’u ilf .s e
5. T eory fh o M to i tv i na o
h
T e irw et r su es Maslow’s ht e yo “ ir H erarc yh of N ee sd ” (1954) to if dn o tu the late tn om t vi at sion w ch dhi u en rgrid F a ’rid u os p i tn of v ei w r le ta ed ot love.
l s a
M o wproposed t eh f fie- ts a eg m el fod o ih erarc yh fo en e ,sd as follows:
fl e
S -actuailz ia nto
m e e t s
E N de s e s s e n g n i g n o l e
B da n Loveneeds
y t e f a
S eN eds
g o l o i
B ical da n Psychological eN eds
Figure. 1 Maslow’s iH erarc yh fo eN e sd l
s a
M o s H ew' i rarc yh of N ee sd ts ates t ah t we m t tus s sai fy each en ed ni ntur , ts a tr f mr the ifrst, io w ch de lh a s wi ht the m to vs o i sb o n eu e sd ot survive a dn e dn ed w tih the rewa dr f ro mh a ’u n s e tx e eis n . B oc i l cogi a a dl n Psychologic l N ea e sd vc er eo t h n ee d fo ab s ci fil e n ee sd us ch as rd i kn , f do , xo s , ie a r, e ct . fS ta e y en e sd c vo er
t o r
p ecit , s con e iru ty, l wa , ts a ib il yt , etc. Belongin ng e ss a dn Love n ee sd c vo er f ia ly, af em f cti no , relationship, work group, ce . E tt s e me nee sd c vo er ca ih ev eem n ,t
a t
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f lu lif ml ent. When ht e l wo er nee sd are on t ts isfied we caa n e enot xp c et t hi hh g er n ee sd ot be ts sai fied, f ro exam ep , hl t e girl ow is yh d ing f ro f do lio w l on t e px ce t ot get a yn s ea yf t n ee ds such as law ot prote t her c body f or m v en eiol c tb she w lil u
n
o ly e ex ct to get f dp o oo t s ta si fy her hunge .r
C. Conte tx fo et vh N el o
W mo an at P t Ze ooin r was up ilb shed ni 1979 ni rA a cb . hi T e vn el o w as b
u
p l hi ed nine ms it es. hT e story of the vno e ha pl p ened ni 1973. nI t y ahis e ,r d
ri
F a su , ht e ma ni cha cr ea t r fo t sh vi n el was e eo x cu et .d 3 y ae sr eb f eo , there was r an excha gn e of the rP esident ni Se tp e bm er 1970, the rP e ds e ti n Gamal A lbd E - Na ss er w sa deat ;h he sw replaced ya b A ar El-Sadat. Sa tnw d pe da ir cha go n ed et h
c
e onomic, op l ci , a dit n os c ai l md a so i . nn I Sadat pe dir , ho t ere were wa sr be et en w p
y g
E t a dn Isra .le h
T ey called hT e aW r of At tirt i no a dn hT e October1973 aW r. Those wa sr were ab houtt e Egypt attack wt a do r rI es a s’l wtihdrawal of nS ai, a di n f ni a yll Eg ypt was us cce ss f lu ot get nS ai bac .i k Cited f mr o U .S Library of Congre ,ss o n Fe ub a yr r 4, 1971, Sa ad t announc d a new ee p ace i tin i ta ive at t ch ontained a
i
s ig f cn i ant c co e sn s i :o he was w li gn il on t a cc e tp na i tn erim a rg e me e tn wi ht rI a ls e in re ntur f ro a pa itr la rI es a il iw t rh aw ld a f mr Sinai. no O O tc bo er 6th 1973, Egypt
a
l nu ched surp irse a tt ca k ca sr s eo t uh S ez Cana .l nF all ,i y et pe mh r anent cease-f eri ne tgoiati h lon e d ni December 1973 .
t p y g
E 1973 was c no is dered sa p ta irarchal socie yt th ta means em n dh a o
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f ia ly rm p efe sr ot have a ns ho t an to have a dau e .r ght Hu lrock (1974, .p 300) s at ted that ni a play, at sch , a dool n ni a rp eparaiton f ro a ov ac it , on boys are encouraged to el a nr ce tra ni s l skil a dn ot st yu ed c tr ia n s ects hubj w ci h are conside dr e inappropirate f ro girls. Women are born ot be a mh e-wi eo f , take ac re of c ih ldren, a dn es vr e the ri husba dn a dn tn oo t od hw ta men uu al ys l od , us ch as study, work,
r
o involve ni poltiic activi ite .s
D. T e rh o et ci la Fr ma ework
i h
T s st yu foc sd u no t ow problems to be sd ci ussed. hT e f tri s problem is et h depi tc i no of F a srid u in W mo an at P t Ze ooin r w ih ch ed a sl wi ht the yo cha ar r c rt e a dn characte zir ati no . hT e yo of cha ar r cter a dn ht e yo of cha ar r cterizaiton a er a pp lied to ana zl e the a ey p aran ep c a dn the pe nrso a ilty of F a srid u . T sec dhe o n
r
p bo ml se i the p i eossb m al e n of ving l e eo xperi cen ed yb her. nI finding ht e mea gn of l vin o e in her li ef , the w er srti u es ht e ht e yo of vr l e yo b tS e bn e gr a dn the yo of r katresnanism yb He ur jiyanto. hT e yo of m tr o ivati no yb Maslo is sw u ed to f di un o t hw ta ts ages of her n ee ds that have b ee n ol st. hT e psychologic l a approach si a ilp ed to ana zp l e hy t e s ce o nd problem. hT e rw eti r ana zl es y F aus’ rid pe nrso a ilty a dn her p ta ilfe s using psyc oh l iogc aal pproach as the way to dif tn o u
h
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CH PA ET R III
METHODO OGY L
s i h
T cha tp er is divided ni to rt eh e s ce itons. hT e f tri is js O cbe t of ht e Stu dy, h
w ci h iw ll ela rb ate ho t e bs ject of the u study. hT e s ce o snd i Approach of et h y
d u t
S , w ch c vhi o e sn y the il et rat eu ar pproach u es d ni t sh i study. T hhe t i dr si t
e
M h of hod t e St yu , id w ch eh d als w tih the so e hurc t at si su ed ni this study a dn t eh o
r
p ec ss es fo conduc git n study.
A. O ect fbj o et th S udy
h
T e bo ject of t sh st yi u is d Woman ta P t Ze ooin r . iT s vh n el was o pubils dh e g
ir
o in lla y in 1979 a dn then ti was p i hubls ed in Engilsh in 1999 yb Zed Books L td. Wo am n ta P t Ze ooin r c so i sn s of 4t 1 pages. e1 T new edi nh it was f so ri t pubils dh e in 2007 a dn ht e f ro eword was yb iM r ai m C ko e. ho T e irw ter si Nawal lE Saada .iw
h
S e si a fe nm ist ri w iter. hS e was born in 1931 ni Kafr Ta ah , a ml s a ll iv all eg u
o t ds e of C ii a or . lE Sa da awi at et dn ed ht e nU ive sr tiy of aC ori a dn rg a ud ea d nt i 5
5 9
1 w a de rtih g ee in yp c is h a yrt . After completi gn her e cd ati nu o , lE Saada iw r
p act ci ed psyc ih a yrt a dn became Egypts' riD e tc ro of Publi H ac e htl . nI 91 73-1978, she worked ta Hi hg Insitt tu e of iL et ra rt e a du n cS ei cn e ht en ts a tred ot work w tih ficti no a dn nn -ficti .o o n
h
S e ow er t st vhi no e based nl o t ur e story f mr the o w an n eom a d Fi dm r a su o
h
w si p irsoner eb ac su e ik ll gi a in p mp. Fi dr a su il ef was so patheitc. Her ch lidhood e px er ei nces ma ed her ha et em .n hS e vil ed iw th mise yr cb ause s ee h
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e px e ire cn ed se ux al a sb es yu b men around her. hS e was abandoned yb her l vo e. h
S e was b te rayed yb her yb fr eo i dn . B ie gn a prositt tu e w sa the o way hnly s e c do ul be re es cted. Her p w e fihol l e w sa ps e tn ot fi dn her pious l vo e u l hnit s e re za ed hil t at l vo e dd ti n exi to s f ro a ow am n il ek her ow ah c em f mr wo l er oo s c li st ta au s .
B. Approach fo et h Study
o
T an la zy e ht e m ae ni gn of vl e f ro o the ma ni character of Woman ta P t, oin
t sh ti s yu sd u es yp cs hologic l aa pproa h nc i do er or t answer ht e proble s hm t at ha ev b ee n ts ated bef eo . hr T e yp cs hologic l aa pproach he pl s ht e irw ter to if dn to t eu h mea gn of l vin o e e px e nire c d ye b Fi dr a su . hT e yp cs hologic l aa pproach eh l sp et h
ti r
w er to anal zy e mh an ou m itv tai pe non, rso alti dy,a behan vior .
C. Method fo et h Study
n
I c eo c gll it hn t e da at , the irw et r p sa sed long rp co e ss . hT e rw eti r r ae d et h n vo el f tri , hs t e rw tier tn no o ly r ae d it no ce tb hu t e rw iter er ad ti t eh e t mr i es ot
d n
u e tr a ds n t eh m ae n d eing e per a dn ot get et i eh d as of ht e vn e .l ho T e w er orti a ls u es d ho er referen et c s to know a ub t ho t e vn el o m e, uor s ch as ab ckground of ht e aut rh a do n ht e re iv ew of the vn el. ho T e w er f urti oc s d ne o ht e de ip c nit of Fi do r a ,su the m cha aain r tc er of et vh no e a dl n ht e mea gn of her l vin o e. hT en the irw et r t ired to f di tn o u w suita lhat b e approach ot ana zl e the y problem formulati no s tt aha st t ed b fe eo . r
h
T e ts yu was cd onduc dt us ge i li rn b a yr re es arc .h hT e sources hw ci h are su ed in t sh st yi u are the ird p m yar resourc a de n es c do a yn r r se o ce. hur T e irp ma yr
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resource is t eh vno e l Woman ta P t oin Zero a dn et sec dh o a yn r resources a er t eh ar es related oitcl t et h t c iopi w ch are sh d c si u ed. hs T e ht e ro ies are the chara tc er a dn char ca teriza nit , ho t e yo of l vr o e, ht e yo of r katresnanism, a dn ht e yo of r moitvati .o n
n
I conducti gn it s sth u the edy, r we er os me steps w ch have hi done. hT e f tri was s c oho s gin t eh prima yr da at , w ch was Nawal lhi E Saadaw ’is Woman ta oP int Z re o. Sec do , after de dn c i gi n the irp ma yr da at , f ru ther ni formaiton was ga ht ered d eal w tih ht e cha ar cter si ide hn t e vn el. o Thrid, the irw et r focu es d no du e tn r as nding et h main cha ar cter f ro the t po ci hw ci h w ld be di uou sc s d was ase b the mout eaning of l vo e iw ch is e ph x er ei nced yb dF a .ri u s
h
T e foutrh ts ep w sa f ro m lu ati gn the proble sm . hT e fif ht ts ep w sa c lo l ce t gi n the s ce o a ynd r resources r le a et d ot ht e t co , upi s ch sa articles ro c tir i ic ms s a ub t t eo h
v o
n el, a dn a ol the hs t e ro si e w ch were hi going to be su ed as a t oool t analyze et h b
o r
p l s. hem T e ne tx s w step a a wn e gs ir the n probl f rem o mulat sion . hT e rw eti r a dd ed gt e ho t er ht e rp im a dary n s ce o a ynd r sources to get ht e a wn er. Five the irs o es were su ed us ch as ht e yo of character a dr n ht e yo of char cr a terizati no , the yo of r l vo e, the yo fr o k ra et snanism, a dn the yo fr o m iv tot aion .
h
T e w ter eir mployed p csy hologic l aa pproach ot a an l zy e ht e possible meanings of vl e e po x eri ne ec d yb Fi dr aus. hT e la ts s et p was c no c dl i gu n et h w e hol
t
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CH PA T RE VI A
N
A L SY IS
s i h
T cha tp er sd c si u es hs t e ana il s of ys t wo proble sm w ch have be nhi e a
t
s ted a vbo e h. T e f sri t is the discussion of the cha ar ect ir itc of s Firdaus w ch shi i depi tc ed ni Woman ta P t Ze .oin r o T e eh s c do deals n w t etih h sp io s lb e meanings fo l vo e e px e ire cn ed yb dF ausri .
A. F r ui d s’ De ia p c nit o
d ri
F ausis catego irzed as a op ar t g i tons . hS e b ce mo es ht e ma ni cha ar cter fo the vn el beca so u e hs e du e on r es c ng o flict l ae d her at it ding t e lu a go hn t e story
H
( a vr ey, 1965). hS e si ht e ec tn er of the st yo bec sr a e hu s e a pp ae sr m ro e tfo en ht an other cha ar cte sr in Woman at Point Ze .r o S is a he round cha ar cter because her char ca ter si itcs dev le po of m hr t e be ng i gin n tu li the e dn n of ht e st yo . hr T e rw i rt e u ss Me urphy’s ht eory to anal zy e F a ’rid u cha as r cter si itcs. Murphy ela rb ates o n ine wa sy ot rev le the cha aa r cte ’r pe ns rso a ylti . Thos are pe ne rso al de rs i tc p i ,o n char ca ter as seen yb ano ht er, speech, past el , ofi c vn e sr ati no of ho e st r , er ca iton ,s dir ce t comme tn f mr t eo h auth to ,r hough,t a dn am nn e irsm.
1. F r ui d s’ P sa er o i ynalt Change
h
T e be ng i gin n of ht e vno e , dl F a sri u cha ar cteri its cs are poo ,r lis e tn , ms a ,tr i
s cn e er , innoce tn , a dn nu con ifde tn . Her pe nrso a iti sl e cha gn e eb ac use of t eh e px e ire cn es in f di i gn n rh ee rt lu ove .
1 2
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1.1 A Poor G Bec mirl o es a uS cc essf llu Woman
h
S e si described ni the vno e as an dl o ina yr r lrg i w has a big sho n e a do n a t nh - pi il ed p mouth. eS uh u ally w as e sr g l ealab ya i her daily a tn civtii .s e
r o
F I was la wa sy rd es es d ni a long gal al beya w ch trai ehi l d la go en t h d
n u o r
g , a dn on ma tter hw e er I we tn ti was la wa sy ba er fo ot .
tI cha gn ed in her 52 -ye ra s do - ilfe, hl w en hs e eb came a csu c ses f lu prosti et , s eut h r
o
w e e px e sn ive lc ho es. ht T e a ep arance of dp F a sri u la os cha gn ed f or m an do ina yr r r
o o
p lrg ri o a str ee t w la ker lrg oi t a b ae itu f lu a dn us cce ss ful prostti tu e whose h ia r n
o
d e yb styl si t a dn fa ec is dh yi b make- pu . hS e is a b ae itu f lu lrg hi w o has b al kc eyes a dn ls e dn er ob d y .
When I po ened ym eyes a dn l ko ed i oo n t et h imr I real zror i ed that wn I o was being born aga ni w a new tih body, sm oo th da te dn n er sa a rose ep t .la
y
M lc ho es we et r on longer rough a dn ditry, tb ou s ft a dn c el a .n (p. )5 3
1.2 Q iet eu B c mo es Re lb il se o u
When hs e w sa young, hs e c do nul o ly ac ec tp hw at pe po el a ks her. When her om ther a ks ed her to h le p maki gn dough, cleaning the dung, ro am ki gn em la f ro her f ha er, a dt n hw en her nu cle a ks ed her ot ma yr old man r w sho i o s yver i , xt she c uo ld tn eo rej c beca et u es s is afr ih a d ot bo jec .t hS e m eust ndure a ha dr el fi
i
s cn e she was ve yr uy ng. ho S e has to be os nger than il ert f itself if hs e wants ot s vu ive. sr A es h
h
S e is a q t lruie g . hi S e uus a y ell k e sp hw at s eh ef e sl ni her d ee p eh a tr. eS h b
(35)
I was its ll uy ng to a ht e time, a dn my rb ae ts s we er tn y to e rounded. I nk ew h
t o
n i gn a ub t men. But I c do o h aul e r ht em as t yh in ke v ed lo A al sh na e’ m a dn called upon iH s bl se is gn , ro rep ae ted sH i h wo soly r in a d subdued
u
g t rt lu a t eo . I n would so e vb r e ht em nodding theri h ae sd , ro rubbing ht e ri ha sn nd o e agai tn hs t e ho er, rt o coughi gn , ro lc re i ga n ht e ri t oh a sr t w a tih ra ps i gn n e, rois o co a tnst n ly scratc gh din u er the arm tin p s a dn b te ew en t eh
h g i h
t s. .( )p 1 3 o
r
F m ht e oq t tu a i no above, we can s ee ht at hs e o watches enly t men nh i s eli n ce, b
o es vr es hw ta they are doing no ht e way she b irngs ht e ae rthe wn are jar f lu l fo water in her h ae d oh m .e hS e ek e sp her thoughts o nnly i her mi dn , even ab routh e c no fusing w tih w her r aho e l fa ht er i .s B ce a eu ns o ce es a sh s ak b her real fa hout t er her m er roth b i gn s a ow man ot od c ricumci ns oio s hs e o keeps her pnly o i nn s a dio n thoughts ni her mi .n d
o
S meitm I c des o oul n t sd iti nguish w ch nhi o e of th me was my af ht er. eH rese lm ed hb t em so c elos ly th ta it was id f ifc tlu ot te ll. oS eo day I sn a k ed
y
m om ther ab mout h . wi H w so a it tt hha s e had given birth ot me wtihout a f ha er? First, ht s e eb at em . hT en hs e brought a wo am n w was aho c yr i gr n a
m
s all nk ife ro ma by e a ra rz b ao l ed . hT ey cut fo f a ep ei c of fle hs f mr o bet ew en my thigh .s (p. )1 3
h
T e other q ati nuot o f mr t eo h vn el that so uppo trs et irh w te sr e’ i a is nd i page ,1 6 h
w en es eh k e sp a ks i gn he sr elf ab her dout i e tn tiy iw th reveal it to aout nybody le ,s e even to her uncle ow sh i t eh cl so e ts man ni her young l .fi e
W oh was I? W oh was ym af ht er? aW s I going to ps e dn ym ilfe es e gw p in h
t e dung uo t f mr o u er hnd t e a mni a s, ca il r ng ma rry n e nu o ym he ,a d n
k eadi gn dough, a dn ba gk rin b ae d? .( )p 1 6 n
U itl ni ht e middle fo t eh story at iw ch hh s e eb co sm a oe p tr s itut ,e dF a sri u is s lit l a u
q iet ow am n. hS e hid se her pa ni ni lis e en . hc S e fee sl ht e wo lrd around her od es o
(36)
pe po el around her. W nh he t e first t mi e hs e felt se ux al a sb es f mu r her no u cle s eh j tu cl ss o ed her eyes without a yn words ca em to ou f m her mr outh .
u
B t hw enever everything around us al sp ed oi lint s e en , c broken no ly eve yr w
o
n a dn then yb ht e snap of yd wr t i sg be wt ee n my fi gn e sr as I ef d et h v
o en, a dn ht e sound fo sh re ui g lar eb a hr t i gn reaching em f mr be do h t ein h k
o o
b os ht at I c uo ld tn te ll ho w te her he was snoirng uq ti yel in ih s ls ee p ro wide awake a dn pant gi , his ha dn n would c no t ui e to rn p e ss aga ti yns m
h g i h
t w a rtih g sa ping, almostb al irut i stens n .ce.( )p 1 4 o
r
F m her ma nn eri ,s ti is sm hown t ah t hs e si us ch a lis e tn w an om w never ho com lp ia sn a ub t ho w at happened ot her even though hs e has eb en t er ated badly yb pe po el around her e ps e ic lla y f mr men. ho S e sh never a spoken pu hw at she e ax c ylt feels. From her speech, hs e is de ip cted as sile tn ow man. tI si i sll trated nu i ht e way she se vr es her ug e s, hst s e rp efers ot c sl e her eyes a do n keep lis e tn i tn ead fs o com lp ian aing b nout p eai s eh f e .l s
I ke tp my eyes c sl ed do a aban ndoned my body. tI al y ht ere du er mn h i wi utho t m eme tov n , me tp ei d of lla d ie esr , ro lp ae s ,ure ro even np , eai f e gil n
h t o
n i gn . A d ae d body w otih n fil e in it at la l, like a ep ei c of wood, ro an m
e p otys c ,k ro a shoe. (p. )5 0
Am go ln a l ht ese men t e was her o man nly w aho w s tn st do u a dpi n did tn o s
a k em if I was f ee li gn good. Inste d he a queri d, e ‘ Do y ou f a yeel n pain? Y’ es,’ I s .‘ a (p. )id 5 7
h
S e keeps her ha tib to tn to eo s ak a lot np u til hs e meets rI a mb h , the ai m n s eh l vo es. hS e s ee s, so e vb r se , sil et sn , fe se a dl n ht en dh es t si h e no i her mi dn tb hu w en she meets rI a mb h , hi s e hs ares her pa ts , pa ni , a dn l efi iw th ih m wtihout fee gil n
b u o
d t. But co e she sn i b te rayed she ntur to be a rebelilous ow am n w oho d es tn o wa tn to be du ercn onrtolled yb men. tI si proved hw en hs e er cj ts to be ne e as ved l
y
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him angry. He wa sn to wa nt r dF a sri u yb showi gn a ik fe tn b beca su u e s eh is rb ave w
o
n a dn hs e wa sn ot t s wh him that she aga to i s me ’n n s oppres ns . hio S e od es tn o wa tn ot be an enslaved ow am n, hs e wa tn s to eb free. hS e b eves th teil a hs e can ha dn le he sr e fl. hS e ac n r le y no he er lf ts inse d fa o ac ec pt gi the n p erot citon f mr a o pimp.
I
‘ don’t wa tn ot eb anybody’s ls ave.’ d
n A
‘ ow sa sh y there si anyone ow is th n mo s e no o e else s’ s al ev ? hT ere a er y
l n
o ot c tw a eg es foir o people, Fi dr a ,su ma ts e sr a dn ls aves.’ n
I
‘ th ta case I wa tn ot be no e of ht e ma ts e sr a dn on t no e of the ls aves.’ .( p )
5 9
d ri
F a ’u s ps s ee ch prove hs t ta hs e od se on t want to be c no t or lled . hS e also er ej sc ot t i
s ng an a epp a ol t ht e rP e ds e ti n os the punishment wi ll be ca cn eled a dn she wi ll l vi e. hS e is f ae lress to face ht e d te h th ta a wi ll mc e oo t her sooner. hT e do ina yr r
o
w em n wi ll undoubtf yu acce tll p a dn si ng ht e a ep al to the rp P eside tn becau es they a er afraid fo b ie gn ha gn e .d
“ hT ere is ph e f ro o oy u rel ae se fi uy eo s dn an a pp eal to ht e rP e ds e ti n s
a k iingh m ot pardon uy f ro o t eh c mir e uy c mo o mi tte ”d B. “ ut I dont’w ant o
t be rel ae sed,” I ds , “a dai n I want on pardon f ro ym c irme. rF ho w at uy o a
c ll ym c irme was on cir .” .me ( p 101)
“ vE e yr ob dy h sa ot .d I rie p efer to id e f ro a cri .m I have ce ommitted ra rt he h
t an to ed f ri o eo fn o et c mh ir es iw ch uh y have mo c m tto i ed.” .( p 101)
1.3 Innoc ten eB c mo es M ua re t
When hs e was young, Fi dr a su o nnly k ew wh oo t make dough a dn meal f ro his fa im ly. hS e was an innoce tn girl w dho d oi n t know t her hat s e yoci t had
(38)
a erl a yd tp her in wu l oo s cial ts ta .su It em ans that she would e dn pu in ht e k cti hen a dn take care of her c ih ld rh en a dn her husba dn so em day. oF m the ea yr lr age hs e si enth a itusi s c to lea nr et ih h ij yah a words (an rA a ib an al hp abe )t f or m her nu lc .e eS h is smart a dn hs e wants ot be ms a trer, hs e has a rd me to st ya u at ld E hA ar even z though she knows th ta she is a mw an oo w sh i on t proper to be the er . Her rd ae m ot be e cd ated u w an came uom rt e even though ti was tn at lo E hA ar tz b her nu u c el
e
s tn her ot a s ce o a ynd r schoo.l
As a poor girl she is c so idered as a sma tr lrn g . hi S e o t knly h ain b outbooks h
w en s eh was in schoo.l dF a sri u ep er f sr ot ks her ain f ec ni to book ,s newspape ,sr r
o maga nz es in the lii brary . hS e ps e dn s ht e n t nigh i an obsol eteroom hw i hc s ee sm o
n t-in-u es f ro l go tn ime. vE en the li rb a yr is da kr a dn ud ts ,y es eh k ep r ae di gn a dn a
e
l nr ms e ho t i gn new f or m ht e books us ch as knowing a ub t eo c train c no trie ,s u l
u
r e ,sr wa ,sr pe lo e ,s re op v l tu io a dn ,s n vl e o story .
I deve pl ed a l vo o e of books, f ro w tih eve yr book I al ne r ed s mo et gh ne .in w I og t ot know ab the Per aout s si n , the Turks a dn ht e rA abs. I er ad ab t eout h c irmes commit et d yb ki gn s a dn lr e ,s au b out w s, pe lar o es, rep volutio n ,s a dn et l vh i es fo revoluti no ar ei .s I er ad love s rt i so e a dn l vo e op em .s (p. )2 6
h
T e quotaiton a vb e so hows ht ta fi dr aus si a smart pe nrso w nho c a d
n
u e tr a ds n ea ys hli t e con et nt fo et h books es r ah e d h.s S e can ea ys l ali e nr ab out l
u
r es ht at a er dominated yb men. eS l kh i es ot study than spe dn her da sy ot ws e pe d
n
u er ht e animal ro ot p ci k pu ht e ea htr e wn are aj r f llu of w ea r. ht S e is la so no e fo the be ts st du ents ni cla ss . hT e rw iter found it in page 23 “When ht e re us l st of t eh
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ifnal examinaiton were announc ,ed I was told t I had come uhat o t s ce o nnd i et h c
s h a dool n es ve hn ct ounrtywide ”.
A etf r rg a ud ated f or m seconda yr sch , dool F a sri u became m ra er. htu S e sw a f ca ed ot ht e fid ef re tn si ut at ni ho t at her cu en l has tg ma iro r ed. eS re lh a ized ht at es h c uo ld tn live there f ro o a long t mi e a dn fr ee yl os she tr ei d to he pl her nu cle’s wi ef
y
b rioning a dn maki gn m ae l f ro the .m
Her is cn erene ss was found at hw ci h es he ph l ed her nu c el ni rioning all sh c oi l the .s n
O ec ab ck I w ld ou sweep a dn cl ae n the house, wa hs ym nu cle’s lc othe ,s ma ek his bed, a dn t yi sd h i book .s He bought me a eh a yv ri hon w ci h I
d l u o
w h ae t no the kerosene vs e, a dto n u es ot la du er sn h kaftan a di n rtu b an. tr
o h
S ly b fe eo s sr un e he t would re ntur f or m lE hA a .r I se vz r ed supper a dn we a et ti gt e ho t e .r (p. )2 1
h
S e is a ol w lili gs n to hs are her bed ot S aa ad , hi t e se vr a tn rig l in her nu ec sl ’ house even it si f bo i dr d en. sA a ma et lrur g hi s e eb c mo es tough a dn i dn epe dn e tn ht an s eh w sa . Be ac su e hs e od se on t wa tn to ma yr hr S e hi ak M hm do , old man hu t at rh e
n
u lc e wa tn ed her to ma yr , hr s e e cs a sp f me r her o husba ’n d house a dn ts a tred ot eb a op tr s it .u B ite e gn a elon in t eh rw l ,o d f ro ec s Firdaus ot eb ha dr er ht an l efi sti e .fl
“ wH so i ti p i lossb e to l ei ? iv L ef is os ha dr . ’You um ts be ha dr er than l fie, d
ri
F aus. fiL e si ve yr ha dr . hT e no ly pe eo pl w r lho e yal live a er those w ho a er ha dr er than li ef itse .fl .( )p 5 4
h
S e has ever been on oh me, on f do , a do n nowhere ot og . hS e w la sk al go hn t e m
e pty esrt e tta night j tu to feel f es r e f mr her o husba dn hS ie hk Mahmoud ow has h tr ae ted her os bad a dn eb ea n her t untli her af ce ub ise .r d
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All I know si that a yn t gh I in w ld have oou t af ec in ht e wo lrd had eb c eo m le ss fir e gght n then hin t e vi ns of oio t se t oh w eye ,s iw ch se th n a c do s vl h er i
n n u
r i gn to ym spi en whenever I rem me bered them. (p. )4 2 h
S e h sa eb en a esrt e wa kt l er hw en es es ah c p se f or m b her noth u ec sl ’ home a dn her uh sban d’s home. F a srid u survives la no e in st er et ot f di ln p a ec ot re .ts
d ri
F a su eb c mo es di en pendent w an af eom t r b ie gn r je ected, abandoned, be rtay ed, a dn a sb ed yu b pe po el around her. Her pa ts l fie dd ti n let her to be a o spolied gi .lr
n
I her chlidhood, she did hw ta a tld su hould od . hS e er al zi ed th ta et h o pe nnly rso o
h
w ac n he pl ot hs ape rh ne o f rw u e is e atu x tc yl he sr e fl, on t her parents, rh ne u c ,l e r
o em n around her. hT e oppre ss i no f or m men la os f co es her or t be an indepe dn e tn o
w m . Bec ean o om p tr s uti te si et nh o ly way es c nh a ma ek much m e .on y h
S e chooses ot be a p t tros ti e cu b a ee u es s h thinks that ti is ht e way to eb re esp c d yte b me .n Fridaus can either choose ro er ject men. oN no e can oc m lp a ni
r
o f ro ce her ot ls ee p w men etih s oh d es tn d so e ri e .
A man ca em pu ot me a dn whispered. I l ko ed io h m stra ti ngh i the eye a dn sa di “ ”N . o Another m c man a e pu to me a dn um ttered ms e ho t i gn ni a s ce ret vi e ov ice, w ch hi could barely be eh a dr . I exa nm ed ii h m ca er f yu ll f or m eh ad ot to se a dn sa di , “ ”N . He e uo n i :q r “ yed w th n ?” I re ilo p e :d “Beca eu hs t ere a er lp e yn of men a dt n I wa tn ot choose wi ht ow m oh t og .”
p ( . )6 8
h
S e dd ti n need oo t beg w ea r st a hw ta hs e did hw en she was a stre te wal rk . he S e si f er e ot choose her o d cwn e si i no . hS e is tn do u er c nn o t or lled yb men a yn m ro e tb u s eh c no t or ls em .n
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A op tr s itu et wh ever, is a ilt lte be tter fo o . I was a lf b e to c vo i cn n e my es fl h
t at I had c sh en this ilfe of yo m no free iw w ll. hT e fact t ah t I er jected t eh ir l
b o
n e ta tem to apts s ve em , my i in stence ns o remai gn a in pros itt ,u te proved o
t me t sh w si a ym c ch e a doi n I had ms e fr eo e od m, at lea ts ht e f er e od m ot v
il e ni a us ati nti o be tter ht an t th fa o other ow me .n .( )p 8 9 d
ri
F a su choose ot be a prositt eu ct b a ee u es s f eh e sl f er . ee S is oh n t a ki dn fo o
w am n w can tho s a dn rf b io e gn rp ess ru ed a dn nc t oo r lled. hT e fo fi ec authoriti se k ee p her du er rn p essure. hS e thinks ht at b ce o sm a e prosti tt e su i ht e way in iw ch h s eh si v la ued h a digh n pres ec et d m .o re
A etf r I had ps e tn t eh e y ar e sr in the compa ,n I ey r al zi ed at t as a oh p s itt er u t I had eb en looked upon iw th m e or respect, a dn been va ul ed m e or highly
h
t an lla et fema eh l employee ,s m sy elf inc dl e .u d p( . )7 5
All mw en are o prositt eu s ft o eo ki dn n ro a on ther. Be ac su e I was in ige ttell n I rp efe rr ed to be a f er e prosti tt e hu r er hat t an an e ln aved is w fe .Eve yr time I gave ym body I cha gr ed et h h e tigh s p irce. (p. )9 1
d ri
F a su b le ieves th ta s eh can ha dn le he sr e fl. It c na be es en f or m her ways es a sp k to othe sr a dn ti ca rr ies um ch convicito n .
1.4 U c nn o f di e tn Bec mo es Condident
d ri
F a su in her ae ylr age thought th ta hs e was u b agly ec u e she ss h a ga b i d
n u o
r sn e. ho S e hated rh e m er becau eoth s of her gb oi n es tb hu w en hs e be mc es a o s
o r
p it ut t ,e s eh er al si hze t at s eh si a eb a itu f lu mw a .o n
When I po ened ym eyes a dn l ko ed i oo n t et h imr I real zror i ed that on w I was being born aga ni w a new tih body, sm oo th da te dn n er sa a rose ep t .la
y
M lc ho es we et r on longer rough a dn ditry, tb ou s ft a dn c el a .n (p. )5 3 I d cis o ered I had av b ck ey sl e , w a spa ltih r e hk t at att ar cted other eyes kil e a ma ng et, a dn that my sn e was neither go b , ri n o rounded, ub t fu ll a dn
o o m
s th wi ht ht e f nu e sll s of srtong p sa s ion which c do nul tur ot l . yust M y
d o
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h
S e ac n va ul e he sr elf in ht e hi hg est irp c .e hS e el aves her j bo as p tros ti ute beca su e hs e is c fo ident th tn a hs e liw l g te a on ther r se ep cta lb e j bo . hT en hs e is a ol s con ifde tn ot choose ot be a op tr s uti et a dn l ae ve her op er f ss i no as fo f ci e worker beca su e hs e ifn lla y r ae zil ed t ehatb c mo e an fo fice worker si on t m ro e r se p ce ta eb l than eb c eo a m prositt .u te
m o r
F that day wo a dn r s I ac sed oe t be dn ym h ae d ro ot look away. I w la ked through ht e srteets iw th ym h ae d he dl h , a digh n ym eyes looking
rt
s ai tg a eh h a .d .( )p 6 8 h
S e is c no ifde tn to va el he su r elf m ro e e px e sn ive ni f nr t of the men o w wa tho n ot o
g wi ht her. Fi dr a su lif sl he sr elf iw th rp ide ht ta ht ere are on men w nho c aa e s liy l
s eep wi ht her wtihout pa gy hi hin g . hS e de dc es i w dese vho r es to og iw th her, on matter wh irch eo h i .s
l’
I l at ke uy no i my ac r beca su e uy r f mo e la e body has aroused em . tI is an r
o n o
h f ro oy u ot be de ris ed yb a re ps ce ted fo ficial kil e m e fl. ys A nd w ho s
w o n
k , ma by e os meday ni the future, I can he pl uy oo t get a sir e eb f eo t er h h
t o e sr .’
When I s ia d on t gh , ein h thought I had tn h ao e dr h mi . oS eh re ep ated: I‘ a
c n give uy a ilft.’ o
I iq etly replied, hu ‘ e rT p ei of yc m body is much h er high t an ht e irp ec t th a a
c n eb ap id f ro it iw th a pay ri es .’ .( )p 7 5
B. T e Me nh a i sn fg o L eo E pv x re ien ec d yb iF rdaus
s i h
T part liw l sd c si u s et mea gh n of vin l e in do F aus’ ilf .ri e eT irh w et r u ses the the yo of l er o , the yv o of k tr a re ns ias a dm, n theory of om itv ta ni oo t analyze et h
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s ru face a dn et eh d eper em a gn of l vin o e. T rhe w tier la os su es yp c os h l go ci la approach ot ana zl e hy w at ma ek her es e love fr mo negative side .
1. T e Li eh t r la eM anings fo Love
d ri
F a su has pa ss ed a ib tter life yb srtuggl gi agai tn n me ss n m’ d inati no o tb u l vo e a pp ae sr ni Fi dr aus’ li ef . vE en though ht e me na i gn of vl e so i tn exact yo l as em as hw ta ordina yr pe po le e px e ire cn ed, Fi dr a su , iw th her ap ta yh of vl e, has ever o f lla en in vl e w tih ao m n. oT ana zl e the y p i lossb e meani gn s of l vo e e px e nire c d ye b
d ri
F a su , ht e rw iter u ss he t e ht e yo of vr l e yo b S et bn e gr . nI sh the yi o , he er d cs bir es t py se of l vo e b ea d ns o rt ee di fh f erent sca el s; those are ti i an m cy, pa ss i no , a dn co mm ti em nt. He sa o tl s es that a rel itta a onship iw ch is based nh o a single le eme tn is le ss lik le y to vsur ive than eo based nn o ot rw o m . nore I ana zl i gy n love iw ch sh i
e e
s n f or m Fi dr a ’u s p t of v eoin i w, ht e rw iter a ol ss u es the ta lb e of combinaitons fo i itn macy, passion, a dn mco m mit e tn f or m S et nberg. hT e the yo of Ka rtesa sr n m si i also i on lved. hv T e rw ti re la os su es ht e yo of r m ivati not o to ana zl e y F a ’rid u pa ts s l efi ht at fa fec st her way ni se ge l vin o e .
d ri
F a su e px e irenced vl e no i her chlidhood iw th Mohammad ia n, hs e ef tl l vo e ni w ch pahi ssion, a dn c mo m mti ent did on t e ix st the er , o tnly i imacy n t hat
d n
u e lrined l vo e bet ew en ht em. tI dd hi w en she f le l in l vo e wi ht her nu c el . hT e er was no ly pa ss i no ni her h ae tr tb there was tu n a c mo o m ti em nt be et en the .w m
o r
F m her childhood l vo e st yo , r F a srid u feels ht at vl e is li eo k lilusion. hS e fe se l e
r jected yb pe po le around her. tI la os om t vi at se her to am ke a ed ics . hion S e thinks that b ie gn a prostti tu e is the best way to ave gn e. hS e can er fuse men ht at n ee d
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p p
A e dix 7 n
N
I TENSIVE R
E
A
D
ING II
1. What is et fir th s in your im nd when uy he ro a ht e word prositt tu e?
-2. Re da ht e te tx caref lu ly “W m no a ta oP i tn Ze or ” (pp. 11 - !)1 5 3. Fi dn to hu t e meaning!
1. Dowry: 12 .Servlie : 2. Sermon: 13 .Resembled: 3. Eloquent: 14. Nudge : 4. Unsurpassable: 15 .Dung: 5. Defaming: 16 .Squatted: 6. G t autu l: r 17 .Intervals: 7. Subdued: 18 .Singeing: 8. Muttering: 19 .Gilmp se: 9. Respite: 20 .Steatlhy: 10 .Invoked:
11 .Rasping:
4. After reading ht e te ,tx p el ase men iton F ri d s’ c aau h rac et ir its cs da n e
v i
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71
5. I ufy we eo r Fir ud s, w ta h w lil ua y oo d after ok w gn i n thatyour pu sn hm ni e t si a de ha se tt n en ec ?
6. P e sl a e re da ap r ga r ha 7-8 c rp a fe ul yl , in uy r po o ini no , w th ha pa p en de o
t iF rdaus ta that ni hg t?
7. Re da ht is ap r ga raph! p( r. )4
E
“ v ye r Friday morni gn he w do tul p nu o a cle na galabe a dy a he dn a of r ht e u
q s o
m e to tta e dn ht e w ee kly praye . hr T e prayer vo er, I uw ld s eo e him aw l gk in wi ht the ho er men ilke t himse fl sa th ye c mom e tn ed no the Friday rse mon,…”
1 . p ( 2) h
W ere od es it take pl ca e? nI your po inion, w th a p i eoss b s cl o ei yt is i ?t W ? hy
8. I ti s possible fi iF r ad su si na Indonesi ?a ln Ea r ebo a t youranswer!
(3)
Aft re er a nd g t ei h t te , g ex i v your p re sonal op ni i no , o
c mments, ro cri it sc abou rt F dau ’i s cd i ie s on to be a s
o r
p titute!
h ti W
“ love I began ot imag hinet at I dh ba ecome a humanbeing.” -Fridaus
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