CSPS Overview of Strategic Planning in
Overview of
Strategic Planning in
Brunei Darussalam
HAJI MOHD ROZAN BIN DATO HAJI MOHD YUNOS
ADJUNCT PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Today s Lesson
❖ Shari g M Perso al E perie es i Strategi Pla
❖ Understanding Historical Context in Brunei
❖ Background of Planning in the World
❖ Bru ei s Strategi Pla s si e
❖ A Look at NDP (RKN) over the years
❖ My Personal Take on the Planning
❖ Can be made simple – 5D Model
❖ Understand Your Stakeholders
❖ Involve Everyone
i g
Started work in 1987
Coordi ated Mi istr of Co
Me
Personal
Experiences
u i atio s Strategi Pla s i
er of Pri e Mi ister s Offi e Strategi Pla s i
– 2005
Chaired Ta u g A a ah Pekerja s Strategi Pla s
Coordinated Ministry of Finance Strategic Plan in 2005 – 2008
Chaired Ministry of Development Strategic Plan 2011
Co-chaired Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports Strategic Plan 2013
Me
er of Pri e Mi ister s Offi e Ne Strategi Pla s i
- 2015
Historical
Timeline
(Graphics)
Context of Government
❖ 1906 to 1941 – British Resident
❖ 1941 to 1945 – Japanese Occupation
❖ 1945 to 1959 – British Military Administration (BMA) / Return to Resident
❖1959 to 1984 – Internal Self Government as British Protectorate
❖ Small Population
❖ Rely on British and Malaysia expatriate officers
❖ Local graduates in larger numbers in 1970s
❖ Local universities began in 1984
❖ Centralised government through State Secretariat
❖ 1984 to present – Independent Sovereign Nation
❖ Formation of Ministries
❖ Cabinet changes 1986 / 1988 / 2005 / 2010 / 2015
Political Survival
World War 2
Pre Independence
1929
1906–1929
Discovery of Oil
1959
1941-1945
Internal Self-Rule
Long Term Plan
1984
1970s
2035
2007–2035
Independence
Historical Timeline
Vision 2035
Planning in Global History
❖
❖ “Strateg " deri es fro Greek "strategos“ hi h is "ge eral
of the army" - each of the ten ancient Greek tribes annually
elected a strategos to head its regiment.
❖ They gave "strategic" advice about managing battles to win
wars, rather than "tactical" advice about managing troops to
win battles.
❖ The strategoi job grew to include civil magisterial duties as
well.
❖ Fo us o " ig pi ture“ - results/outcomes, not
products/outputs.
Strategos and the Big Picture
Planning in Global History
❖ Modern Strategic Planning
❖ In 1920s - Harvard Policy Model developed by HBS defines "strategy" as a pattern of
purposes and policies defining the company and its business. A strategy is the
common thread or underlying logic that holds a business together. Strategies
determine organizational structure.
❖ In 1950's – The Portfolio Model - focus shifted away from organizational policy and
structure toward the management of risk, industry growth, and market share emergence of industrial conglomerates.
❖In 1960s - Industrial Economic Model - strategic decisions derive from analyses of
competitive power relationships - the relative power of customers and suppliers, and
threats posed by substitute products and services, new industry entrants and market
rivals dictate competitive strategies.
❖ In 1960s, strategic planning became a standard management tool in most Fortune
500 company, and many smaller companies.
Planning in Global History
❖ Emergence of Public Sector Strategic Planning
❖ Mid 1980s - Until the mid-1980s strategic planning remained mostly a private sector undertaking.
Notions of customers, marketing, industry growth, market share and risk management were foreign to
the public sector.
❖ Instead, local governments wrote comprehensive plans that dealt with the efficiency of land use and
services, while federal and state agencies relied on program plans, usually limited to narrow chains of
authority on the organization chart.
❖ Strategies and organizational structure became nearly independent concerns; management
committees resolved inter-program conflicts resulting in an emphasis on internal concerns, especially
program inputs: taxes, fees, funding and staffing levels, computers, abuse, waste, fraud and fat.
❖ Reformers chanting, "Run government more like a business," changed the focus from inputs to outputs
and unit costs, getting more "bang for the buck." Former Ford Motor Corporation President and
Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara started this trend by linking planning activities to the budget
through the planning, programming, budgeting system (PPBS).
❖ Eighteen years later, President Carter brought to the federal government the related concepts of zero
base budgeting (ZBB), invented at Xerox Corporation.
Restore Stability
Admin Plan
Strategic Plans
1906 - 2035
Financial & Admin Reform
Administrative Infrastructure
Towards Modernisation
Political Survival
Self-Governing
Malaysia Question
Independence
Political Plan
Loans
Economic
Plan
Oil Discovery
RKN Plans
Diversification / EODB
Strategic Plans
1906 - 2035
Reliance on Expatriates
Extensive Scholarships
Education Institutions
Human
Resource
Plan
Bruneian Run
Wawasan
2035
Strategic
Plans
Civil Service Modernisation
PENGGERAK
Ministries Lead Agencies
FIRST RKN
(1953-1958)
❖ The first -year plan being approved
by the state council with an allocation
of BND100 million that emphasised on
major constructional work on roads,
bridges, buildings such as schools,
hospitals, social services and the
installation of technical equipment for
radio, telephones and electricity.
RKN 2
(1962 – 1966)
The Second
National
Development
Plan with an
allocation of
BND$543
million, aims
at
strengthening,
improving and
further
developing the
economic,
social and
cultural life of
the people in
the state of
Brunei and
embrace the
fourteen (14)
outlined
objectives
amongst other
includes:
Economic Diversification;
Increase per capita income through increase
productivity;
Maintain high level of employment;
Maintain a relatively stable price level;
Develop an adequate and comprehensive national
system of education of all levels;
Develop a comprehensive system of national health;
Provide adequate public service facilities;
Encourage and promote the participation by the private
sector.
01
02
03
The Third National Development Plan
was allocated with a total budget of
BND500 million. The plan was
formulated and designed in continuity
with the objectives of the RKN 2 (19621966) in strengthening, improving and
further developing the economic, social
and cultural life of the people of Brunei
with priority given to the following
objectives:
Maintain a high level of employment;
and
Diversify the economy through
accelerated development of agriculture
and industry.
RKN 3: (1975 – 1979)
RKN 4 (1980-1984)
The Fourth Natio al De elop e t Pla ith a allo atio BND2.2 billion is emphasising in
strengthening, improving and developing the economic, social and cultural life of the people.
Four (4) important factors during this plan:
❖ Political Factor of Brunei achieving independence by 1983, important to ensure and maintain
peace, security and prosperity;
❖ Increasing consciousness of the need to conserve energy resources brought about by the
continuous oil price increase;
❖ Changing Geo-Political situation of the Regional Countries;
❖ Increasing difficulty of obtaining cheap immigrant workers from the neighbouring countries.
RKN 5 (1986-1990)
The fifth National Development Plan with an allocation of BND3.7 billion aspires to provide for
the various services and facilities for the improvement of the standard of living of the people
whilst strengthening the economic and social development of the country. The Plan outlined the
following strategies:
❖ Maximising the Economic Utilisation of the Country's Natural Resources;
❖ Allocate more Funds for the Productive Sectors;
❖ Accelerate the Development of Human Resources; and
❖ Improve Facilities for Industrial Development.
RKN 6: (1991-1995)
The Sixth National Development Plan with an allocation of BND5.5 billion aims at meeting the
country's needs especially in improving the standard of living and quality of life of its people, as
well as strengthening further the economy of the nation. This RKN emphasised the following
objectives:
❖ Further Accelerate Human Resources Development;
❖ Widen the Economic Base and Create a Favourable Climate for Industries;
❖ Optimising Government Expenditure;
❖ Sustaining the Development of the Oil/Gas Industry;
❖ Encouraging the Development of a Strong Private Sector;
❖ Maintaining a Clean and Healthy Environment.
RKN 7: (1996-2000)
The Seventh National Development Plan is the 3rd five-year plan of the 20-year long-term
development plan that started in 1985 with a total budget of BND7.2 billion. Whilst continuing
to further improve the quality of life for the people, the plan will strive to enhance the economic
achievement of the nation. The emphasis of RKN 7 was on balanced socio-economic
development through
❖ economic diversification,
❖ provision of adequate and well-planned infrastructure and public facilities,
❖ implementation of effective human resource development, implementation of social
development projects,
❖ utilisation of appropriate technologies and
❖ continuous protection of the environment.
RKN 8: (2001-2005)
The Eighth Natio al De elop e t Pla ‘KN
ith a total udget of BND .
allocated to focus on strengthening and expanding the following:
illio has ee
❖ Oil and Gas Industry;
❖ Economic Diversifications, value-added industries which can open up new employment
opportunities as well as export;
❖ Human Resource Development;
❖ Formation of a more conducive environment for Investment;
❖ Enhancing the provision of infrastructural facilities and adequate well-planned public
amenities;
❖ Active participation of the Private sector.
RKN 9: (2007-2012)
I ‘KN
sectors:
-2012 a total of BND9.5 billion has been allocated to implement development projects under the following
❖ Industry and Commerce Sector;
❖ Tourism Sector;
❖ Tourism Sector;
❖ Transport and Communication Sector;
❖ Social Services Sector;
❖ HRD, Education Sector;
❖ Environment Sector;
❖ Public Utilities Sector;
❖ Science, Technology and Innovation;
❖ ICT Sector;
❖ Security Sector
RKN 10: (2012-2017)
The Te th Natio al De elop e t Pla ‘KN
fo us o de elop e tal efforts to a hie e faster a d
higher economic growth with the RKN theme of "Knowledge and Innovation, Increase Productivity,
Accelerated Economic Growth". Six (6) strategic development thrusts in implementing the RKN10:
❖ Educated and Highly Skilled Population;
❖ High Quality of Life;
❖ Conducive Business Environment;
❖ Productive and Progressive Economy Based on Knowledge and Innovation;
❖ Good Governance and Government Modernisation;
❖ High Quality and Sustainable Development Infrastructure.
A total of BND6.5 billion has been allocated for RKN10 and additional BND1.7 billion have been
injected to further boost the development which total up the RKN10 budget to BND8.2 billion.
My Personal Take:
What to look out for?
Planning can be
a Simple
Process
Or Planning can
be a Hard
Process
How I see
Strategic
Planning
Stakeholders:
Do Not Ignore
the Public
Stakeholders:
Do Not Ignore
Your Superiors
Stakeholders:
Do Not Ignore
Your Political
Masters
Stakeholders:
Do Not Ignore the
Finance People
Get Inputs
Scan the
Environment
Envisage
Your
Future
What
needs to
be done?
Involve
Everyone
Pin Both People and Strategy Down
Reviewing Issues
Strategic Planning in
Brunei Darussalam
HAJI MOHD ROZAN BIN DATO HAJI MOHD YUNOS
ADJUNCT PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Today s Lesson
❖ Shari g M Perso al E perie es i Strategi Pla
❖ Understanding Historical Context in Brunei
❖ Background of Planning in the World
❖ Bru ei s Strategi Pla s si e
❖ A Look at NDP (RKN) over the years
❖ My Personal Take on the Planning
❖ Can be made simple – 5D Model
❖ Understand Your Stakeholders
❖ Involve Everyone
i g
Started work in 1987
Coordi ated Mi istr of Co
Me
Personal
Experiences
u i atio s Strategi Pla s i
er of Pri e Mi ister s Offi e Strategi Pla s i
– 2005
Chaired Ta u g A a ah Pekerja s Strategi Pla s
Coordinated Ministry of Finance Strategic Plan in 2005 – 2008
Chaired Ministry of Development Strategic Plan 2011
Co-chaired Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports Strategic Plan 2013
Me
er of Pri e Mi ister s Offi e Ne Strategi Pla s i
- 2015
Historical
Timeline
(Graphics)
Context of Government
❖ 1906 to 1941 – British Resident
❖ 1941 to 1945 – Japanese Occupation
❖ 1945 to 1959 – British Military Administration (BMA) / Return to Resident
❖1959 to 1984 – Internal Self Government as British Protectorate
❖ Small Population
❖ Rely on British and Malaysia expatriate officers
❖ Local graduates in larger numbers in 1970s
❖ Local universities began in 1984
❖ Centralised government through State Secretariat
❖ 1984 to present – Independent Sovereign Nation
❖ Formation of Ministries
❖ Cabinet changes 1986 / 1988 / 2005 / 2010 / 2015
Political Survival
World War 2
Pre Independence
1929
1906–1929
Discovery of Oil
1959
1941-1945
Internal Self-Rule
Long Term Plan
1984
1970s
2035
2007–2035
Independence
Historical Timeline
Vision 2035
Planning in Global History
❖
❖ “Strateg " deri es fro Greek "strategos“ hi h is "ge eral
of the army" - each of the ten ancient Greek tribes annually
elected a strategos to head its regiment.
❖ They gave "strategic" advice about managing battles to win
wars, rather than "tactical" advice about managing troops to
win battles.
❖ The strategoi job grew to include civil magisterial duties as
well.
❖ Fo us o " ig pi ture“ - results/outcomes, not
products/outputs.
Strategos and the Big Picture
Planning in Global History
❖ Modern Strategic Planning
❖ In 1920s - Harvard Policy Model developed by HBS defines "strategy" as a pattern of
purposes and policies defining the company and its business. A strategy is the
common thread or underlying logic that holds a business together. Strategies
determine organizational structure.
❖ In 1950's – The Portfolio Model - focus shifted away from organizational policy and
structure toward the management of risk, industry growth, and market share emergence of industrial conglomerates.
❖In 1960s - Industrial Economic Model - strategic decisions derive from analyses of
competitive power relationships - the relative power of customers and suppliers, and
threats posed by substitute products and services, new industry entrants and market
rivals dictate competitive strategies.
❖ In 1960s, strategic planning became a standard management tool in most Fortune
500 company, and many smaller companies.
Planning in Global History
❖ Emergence of Public Sector Strategic Planning
❖ Mid 1980s - Until the mid-1980s strategic planning remained mostly a private sector undertaking.
Notions of customers, marketing, industry growth, market share and risk management were foreign to
the public sector.
❖ Instead, local governments wrote comprehensive plans that dealt with the efficiency of land use and
services, while federal and state agencies relied on program plans, usually limited to narrow chains of
authority on the organization chart.
❖ Strategies and organizational structure became nearly independent concerns; management
committees resolved inter-program conflicts resulting in an emphasis on internal concerns, especially
program inputs: taxes, fees, funding and staffing levels, computers, abuse, waste, fraud and fat.
❖ Reformers chanting, "Run government more like a business," changed the focus from inputs to outputs
and unit costs, getting more "bang for the buck." Former Ford Motor Corporation President and
Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara started this trend by linking planning activities to the budget
through the planning, programming, budgeting system (PPBS).
❖ Eighteen years later, President Carter brought to the federal government the related concepts of zero
base budgeting (ZBB), invented at Xerox Corporation.
Restore Stability
Admin Plan
Strategic Plans
1906 - 2035
Financial & Admin Reform
Administrative Infrastructure
Towards Modernisation
Political Survival
Self-Governing
Malaysia Question
Independence
Political Plan
Loans
Economic
Plan
Oil Discovery
RKN Plans
Diversification / EODB
Strategic Plans
1906 - 2035
Reliance on Expatriates
Extensive Scholarships
Education Institutions
Human
Resource
Plan
Bruneian Run
Wawasan
2035
Strategic
Plans
Civil Service Modernisation
PENGGERAK
Ministries Lead Agencies
FIRST RKN
(1953-1958)
❖ The first -year plan being approved
by the state council with an allocation
of BND100 million that emphasised on
major constructional work on roads,
bridges, buildings such as schools,
hospitals, social services and the
installation of technical equipment for
radio, telephones and electricity.
RKN 2
(1962 – 1966)
The Second
National
Development
Plan with an
allocation of
BND$543
million, aims
at
strengthening,
improving and
further
developing the
economic,
social and
cultural life of
the people in
the state of
Brunei and
embrace the
fourteen (14)
outlined
objectives
amongst other
includes:
Economic Diversification;
Increase per capita income through increase
productivity;
Maintain high level of employment;
Maintain a relatively stable price level;
Develop an adequate and comprehensive national
system of education of all levels;
Develop a comprehensive system of national health;
Provide adequate public service facilities;
Encourage and promote the participation by the private
sector.
01
02
03
The Third National Development Plan
was allocated with a total budget of
BND500 million. The plan was
formulated and designed in continuity
with the objectives of the RKN 2 (19621966) in strengthening, improving and
further developing the economic, social
and cultural life of the people of Brunei
with priority given to the following
objectives:
Maintain a high level of employment;
and
Diversify the economy through
accelerated development of agriculture
and industry.
RKN 3: (1975 – 1979)
RKN 4 (1980-1984)
The Fourth Natio al De elop e t Pla ith a allo atio BND2.2 billion is emphasising in
strengthening, improving and developing the economic, social and cultural life of the people.
Four (4) important factors during this plan:
❖ Political Factor of Brunei achieving independence by 1983, important to ensure and maintain
peace, security and prosperity;
❖ Increasing consciousness of the need to conserve energy resources brought about by the
continuous oil price increase;
❖ Changing Geo-Political situation of the Regional Countries;
❖ Increasing difficulty of obtaining cheap immigrant workers from the neighbouring countries.
RKN 5 (1986-1990)
The fifth National Development Plan with an allocation of BND3.7 billion aspires to provide for
the various services and facilities for the improvement of the standard of living of the people
whilst strengthening the economic and social development of the country. The Plan outlined the
following strategies:
❖ Maximising the Economic Utilisation of the Country's Natural Resources;
❖ Allocate more Funds for the Productive Sectors;
❖ Accelerate the Development of Human Resources; and
❖ Improve Facilities for Industrial Development.
RKN 6: (1991-1995)
The Sixth National Development Plan with an allocation of BND5.5 billion aims at meeting the
country's needs especially in improving the standard of living and quality of life of its people, as
well as strengthening further the economy of the nation. This RKN emphasised the following
objectives:
❖ Further Accelerate Human Resources Development;
❖ Widen the Economic Base and Create a Favourable Climate for Industries;
❖ Optimising Government Expenditure;
❖ Sustaining the Development of the Oil/Gas Industry;
❖ Encouraging the Development of a Strong Private Sector;
❖ Maintaining a Clean and Healthy Environment.
RKN 7: (1996-2000)
The Seventh National Development Plan is the 3rd five-year plan of the 20-year long-term
development plan that started in 1985 with a total budget of BND7.2 billion. Whilst continuing
to further improve the quality of life for the people, the plan will strive to enhance the economic
achievement of the nation. The emphasis of RKN 7 was on balanced socio-economic
development through
❖ economic diversification,
❖ provision of adequate and well-planned infrastructure and public facilities,
❖ implementation of effective human resource development, implementation of social
development projects,
❖ utilisation of appropriate technologies and
❖ continuous protection of the environment.
RKN 8: (2001-2005)
The Eighth Natio al De elop e t Pla ‘KN
ith a total udget of BND .
allocated to focus on strengthening and expanding the following:
illio has ee
❖ Oil and Gas Industry;
❖ Economic Diversifications, value-added industries which can open up new employment
opportunities as well as export;
❖ Human Resource Development;
❖ Formation of a more conducive environment for Investment;
❖ Enhancing the provision of infrastructural facilities and adequate well-planned public
amenities;
❖ Active participation of the Private sector.
RKN 9: (2007-2012)
I ‘KN
sectors:
-2012 a total of BND9.5 billion has been allocated to implement development projects under the following
❖ Industry and Commerce Sector;
❖ Tourism Sector;
❖ Tourism Sector;
❖ Transport and Communication Sector;
❖ Social Services Sector;
❖ HRD, Education Sector;
❖ Environment Sector;
❖ Public Utilities Sector;
❖ Science, Technology and Innovation;
❖ ICT Sector;
❖ Security Sector
RKN 10: (2012-2017)
The Te th Natio al De elop e t Pla ‘KN
fo us o de elop e tal efforts to a hie e faster a d
higher economic growth with the RKN theme of "Knowledge and Innovation, Increase Productivity,
Accelerated Economic Growth". Six (6) strategic development thrusts in implementing the RKN10:
❖ Educated and Highly Skilled Population;
❖ High Quality of Life;
❖ Conducive Business Environment;
❖ Productive and Progressive Economy Based on Knowledge and Innovation;
❖ Good Governance and Government Modernisation;
❖ High Quality and Sustainable Development Infrastructure.
A total of BND6.5 billion has been allocated for RKN10 and additional BND1.7 billion have been
injected to further boost the development which total up the RKN10 budget to BND8.2 billion.
My Personal Take:
What to look out for?
Planning can be
a Simple
Process
Or Planning can
be a Hard
Process
How I see
Strategic
Planning
Stakeholders:
Do Not Ignore
the Public
Stakeholders:
Do Not Ignore
Your Superiors
Stakeholders:
Do Not Ignore
Your Political
Masters
Stakeholders:
Do Not Ignore the
Finance People
Get Inputs
Scan the
Environment
Envisage
Your
Future
What
needs to
be done?
Involve
Everyone
Pin Both People and Strategy Down
Reviewing Issues