Nutrition Values and Digestibility of Three Varieties Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) were Inoculated with Rhizobium Assorted - repository civitas UGM
P A A A A A A P
The 16 AAAP th Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of Congress Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change Food Security Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Proceedings , Policy
Full Papers , Genetic Resources, and Climate Change
Proceedings Full Papers th
The 16 AAAP Congress
! " # $" % & '&
!!
" "# $% &% & $'#%(" % " "
- # () $ & ' &
- && * ,
- & ! - , * - ' . & * . * / * . 0& * + (1$(2 3 - 41(2. 5 .
6
7 4849 , && 7 4( : 4;.< *
- = > ' & * 0 && ? ' * &
- & ' & * @ - ? *
A3 ;<8$)14$82<9$8<$<
- ( ! - 4 + B & *
- 2 * / 9 0&
# &
Scope of AAAP: AAAP is established to devote for the efficient animal production in the Asian-Australasian region through national, regional, international cooperation and academic conferences.
Brief History of AAAP: AAAP was founded in 1980 with 8 charter members representing 8 countries-those are Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines and Thailand. Then, the society representing Taiwan joined AAAP in 1982 followed by Bangladesh in 1987, Papua New Guinea in 1990, India and Vietnam in 1992, Mongolia, Nepal and Pakistan in 1994, Iran in 2002, Sri Lanka and China in 2006 , thereafter currently 19 members.
Major Activities of AAAP: Biennial AAAP Animal Science Congress, Publications of the Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences and proceedings of the AAAP congress and symposia and Acknowledgement awards for the contribution of AAAP scientists.
Organization of AAAP:
∙ President: Recommended by the national society hosting the next biennial AAAP Animal Science Congress and approved by Council meeting and serve 2 years. ∙ Two Vice Presidents: One represents the present host society and the other represents next host society of the very next AAAP Animal Science Congress. ∙ Secretary General: All managerial works for AAAP with 6 years term by approval by the council ∙ Council Members: AAAP president, vice presidents, secretary general and each presidents or representative of each member society are members of the council. The council decides congress venue and many important agenda of AAAP Office of AAAP: Decided by the council to have the permanent office of AAAP in Korea.
Currently # 909 Korea Sci &Tech Center Seoul 135-703, Korea Official Journal of AAAP: Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. ISSN 1011-2367. http://www.ajas.info ) is published monthly with its main office in Korea Current 19 Member Societies of AAAP:
ASAP(Australia), BAHA(Bangladesh), CAASVM(China), IAAP(India), ISAS(Indonesia),
IAAS(Iran), JSAS(Japan), KSAST(Korea), MSAP(Malaysia), MLSBA(Mongolia),
NASA(Nepal), NZSAP(New Zealand), PAHA(Pakistan), PNGSA(Papua New Guinea),
PSAS(Philippines), SLAAP(Sri Lanka), CSAS(Taiwan), AHAT(Thailand), AHAV(Vietnam). Previous Venues of AAAP Animal Science Congress and AAAP Presidents
I 1980 Malaysia S. Jalaludin
II 1982 Philippines
V. G. Arganosa
III 1985 Korea In Kyu Han
IV 1987 New Zealand
A. R. Sykes V 1990 Taiwan T. P. Yeh
VI 1992 Thailand
C. Chantalakhana
VII 1994 Indonesia
E. Soetirto
VIII 1996 Japan T. Morichi
IX 2000 Australia J. Ternouth X 2002 India P. N. Bhat
XI 2004 Malaysia Z. A. Jelan
XII 2006 Korea
I. K. Paik
XIII 2008 Vietnam N.V. Thien
XIV 2010 Taiwan L.C. Hsia
XV 2012 Thailand C.Kittayachaweng XVI 2014 Indonesia Yudi.Guntara.Noor
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II th
Code Title Page
1365
1369
1373
POSTER PRESENTATION Code Title Page Genetic and Reproduction
Large Ruminant
1383
1387
1390
1394
1398
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Code Title Page
1402
1406
1410
1415
1419
1423
t 1427
1431
1435
1444
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II th
Code Title Page
1447
1451
1455
1458
1461
1465
1469
1475
1483
1486
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Code Title Page
1491
1495
1498
1501
1504
1512
1520
1523
Small Ruminant
1527
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II th
Code Title Page
1531
1535
1538
1541
1544
1548
1552
1555
1558
Poultry
1562
1566
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Code Title Page
1572
1577
1580
1584
Kunhareang
1588
1592
Others
1596
1600
Kim
1604
1608
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II th
Code Title Page
1612
1616
1624
1628
1632
1636
1639
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Code Title Page
1651
1654
Nutrition, Feed Science, and Technology Large Ruminant
1662
1666
1670
1674
1678
1681
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Code Title Page
2660
2664
2668
2672
2676
Others
2679
2682
2684
Forage Agrostology Large Ruminant
2691
10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Proceedings of the 16 AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II th
Code Title Page
2695
2699
2703
2707
2710
2714
2717
2721
2725
2729
2734
Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of
Code Title Page
2738
2742
Small Ruminants
2746
Others 2750
2752
2755
2759
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK $$$3 $QLPDO 6FLHQFH &RQJUHVV 9RO ,,
1RYHPEHU *DGMDK 0DGD 8QLYHUVLW\ <RJ\DNDUWD ,QGRQHVLD
Nutrition Values and Digestibility of Three Varieties Alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L) were Inoculated with Rhizobium Assorted
1 2 3 B. Suwignyo , R. Subantoro , P. Yudono1
2 Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Faculty of Agriculture,
3 Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta Corresponding email:
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine effect of three type of Rhizobium on nutritien values and in-
vitro digestibility of three varieties alfalfa. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory
of Forage and Pasture Forage Animal Science Faculty, Gadjah Mada University during March 2012 to June 2012. Three replications on each three types of Rhizobium is Rhizobium
multistrain, Rizhobium leucaena and LC Rhizobium inoculated according to the dose the
three varieties of alfalfa seed among others multiking 1, vernal and common. Inoculated seed was then planted in polybags containing regosol soil mixed with manure SP-36, NKC, and manure in accordance with the needs of as much as 5 kg / polybag. Controls three varieties of alfalfa were treated without Rhizobium inoculation. The nutritional quality of alfalfa was done with proximate analysis and digestibility with in-vitro. Completely randomized design was used as research design and data was analyzed with analysis of variance according followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. Quality nutrients such as values of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash content as well as the value of the in- vitro digestibility of multiking-1, vernal, and common were not significantly different.
Key Words :
Alfalfa, Rhizobium, in-vitro digestibility, inoculum, nutrient
INTRODUCTION
Alfalfa is often called Lucerne or purple medic was originally a wild plant that comes from the forest, before cultivated by humans. In a further development to bring this plant into a plant that is cultivated to meet the needs of cattle fodder by the society the United States, Japan, Australia and Korea (Anonymous-a, 2004 cit Parman, 2007). Alfalfa plant leaves contain lots of high protein and low fiber so it is best used as forage for cattle or ruminant (Layla (2005) cit Harnina and Parman (2008). According Katic et al. (2009) is of considerable concern as alfalfa forage plants cattle, as it is a rich source of animal feed protein, cellulose, minerals, minerals and vitamins for animals, especially for ruminants. Alfalfa is a legume and through symbiosis with bacteria, these plants obtain nitrogen from the air which is necessary for growth. Too much nitrogen fertilization during early growth might effect to growth rate of symbiotic bacteria and significantly reduced the maturity of the alfalfa (Koeing et al., 1999). Alfalfa is a legume crop plants with symbiotic Rhizobium
melliloti. Symbiosis product is important to the fulfillment of the needs of the plant nitrogen
derived from nitrogen fixation. It is done by bacteria Rhizobium melliloti. Rhizobium melliloti was not easy to find in Indonesia, due to alfalfa consider as new plant and not yet widely cultivated. Alfalfa plants obtain nitrogen from the soil and fertilizing, before the symbiosis between alfalfa roots by Rhizobium formed. The suitable Rhizobium inoculation aside of
Rhizobium melliloti are expected to form root nodules and increase growth and yield of
alfalfa. Based on the literature, there was not sufficient information about growth and yield of three varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) treated with three kinds of Rhizobium. Study to find alternative Rhizobium melliloti on alfalfa seeds to improve N fixation by fixation and yield of alfalfa forage is needed. This study aims to determine the effect of the interaction between the three varieties of alfalfa with three Rhizobium on growth and yield of alfalfa.
6XVWDLQDEOH /LYHVWRFN 3URGXFWLRQ LQ WKH 3HUVSHFWLYH RI )RRG 6HFXULW\ 3ROLF\ *HQHWLF 5HVRXUFHV DQG &OLPDWH &KDQJH
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture Forage, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, from March 2012 to June 2012. Three types of
Rhizobium were Rhizobium multistrain, Rizhobium leucaena and LC Rhizobium inoculated
according to the dose the three varieties of alfalfa seed among others multiking 1, vernal and common. Inoculated seed was then planted in polybags containing regosol soil mixed with manure SP-36, NKC, and manure in accordance with the needs of as much as 5 kg / polybag. Planting seeds as much as 5 grains / polybag. Seeds are grown and been maintained as one of the most healthy stem / polybag to be maintained until harvest. Installation of 40-watt fluorescent bulbs made for lights for 5 hours starting 6:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. to stimulate flowering alfalfa.
Nutritional quality test using the method of proximate analysis (AOAC, 1970). Alfalfa digestibility trials conducted in vitro method of Tilley and Terry (1963) when 10% of flowering plants, around 50 days after planting (first pruning). Research using a completely randomized design with three replications. This study is a factorial experiment with the treatment of various kinds of varieties of alfalfa and Rhizobium with three replications. Factor in the factorial experiment is specific qualitative factors. The first factor is the three varieties of alfalfa: multiking 1, vernal and common. While the second factor is the kind of
Rhizobium: Leucaena leucocephala, LCC and multistrain. Controls were treated in three
varieties of alfalfa that without Rhizobium inoculation. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and if there is a real effect followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% level (Gomez and Gomez, 1995).
RESULTS Rhizobium
Based on field observations using destruktif plants, treatment with variety of Rhizobium (Rhizobium Leucaena leucocephala, cover crop legumes and Mulktistrain) was not produce
rd th th
root nodules on the 3 , 5 and the 7 weeks of observation. However, some other observation parameters showed significant differences, although the plant roots do not form root nodules. Three weeks after planting, there was interaction between varieties of alfalfa with Rhizobium on plant dry weight. The highest value was found on Varietes Multiking 1. It was inoculated with multistrain Rhizobium, and significantly different compare with all other treatment combinations.
Nutrition Quality
Samples analyses were taken from composit from leaves and stems of Alfalfa, as well as to the in-vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility. In the first pruning observation showed that there was not significantly different nutritional quality of Alfaflfa, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash content. The value of crude protein, crude fat, and ash content were in the standards range of legume forages quality as shown in Table 1:
Table 1. Crude Protein, Crude Fat, and Ash Content of Alfalfa in The First Pruning Nutrition alfalfa Varieties alfalafa
CP (%) EE (%) CF (%) Ash levels (%) Water Content (%) a Multiking 1
19.25
2.08
26.85
11.90
69.62 b Vernal
19.96
2.08
26.22
11.71
61.70 ab Common
20.61
2.49
26.99
12.46
67.18 ab Average
19.94
2.22
26.69
12.02
66.18 superscript show significant differences ((P<0,05) among varieties of Alfalfa
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK $$$3 $QLPDO 6FLHQFH &RQJUHVV 9RO ,,
1RYHPEHU *DGMDK 0DGD 8QLYHUVLW\ <RJ\DNDUWD ,QGRQHVLD Digestibility (in-vitro)
In the first pruning, there was not significantly different among varieties of Alfalfa on dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The value of dry matter and organic matter
digestibility can be seen in Table 2: Table 2.
In Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa at The First Pruning Value of In Vitro Digestibility of Leaf and Stem Alfalfa Varieties
Dry matter digestibility (%) Organic Matter Digestibility (%) Multiking 1
67.94
64.32 Vernal
68.40
65.02 Common
67.58
64.86 Average
67.98
64.73 DISCUSSION
All of Rhizobium were innoculated with alfalfa seeds was likely still be rhizofer environment, but can not produce nodule because it was refused by plants to form nodule. Alfalfa is a legume crop types are contrivery selective with Rhizobium that will symbiotic with root to form nodules. Rhizobium that formed symbiosis with alfalfa root was rhizobium meliloti where can not rhizobium symbiosis with other types. Rhizobium meliloti which was inoculated can be crossed with alfalfa type of group such as alfalfa and sweetclover. Another possibility, exudates was produced by plant roots did not match with exudates required by the Rhizobium. Thus, Rhizobium can not accept the exudate. Exudates was produced by plant roots has possibility inhibit growing of Rhizobium. Rhizobium were inoculated on the selective of the plants have an exudate produced by plant roots. It will form a nodule if the exudate match as required by rhizobium, and vice versa.
All the nutrition value (CP, CF, EE, OM) were not significanlty different, except DM. Protein content of Alfalfa is range between 18% and 25%, depending on plant growth stadia, cultivar, and methods of analysis persiapoan (Katic et al., 2006 cit Katic et al., 2009). In this study, average of Alfalfa crude protein (19.94%) resulted a lower value compared with other legumes such as calliandra (25%), lamtoro (24.3%), and sesbania (29.2%). However, crude protein of Alfalfa showed higher values compared with legumes such as centro beans (16.4%) and peanuts (15.1%) (Hartadi et al., 1997). Value of dry matter and organic matter digestibility of Multiking I, Vernal and Common varieties were categorized as high with more than 65%. The dry matter and organic matter digestibility determined by a forage nutrient content such as crude protein and crude fiber. The average of dry matter and organic matter digestibility from three varieties in this study was lower than the dry matter and organic matter digestibility in another study done by Widyati-Slamet (2009). Radovic et al. (2009) stated that Alfalfa forage viewed as having high nutritional value and is more desirable than the other fodder. The main nutritional value is based on the fast on pass through the gastrointestinal track, the availability of soluble proteins during mikroorganism protein resintesis, vitamin B synthesis, cellulose digestion stimulant, the value of vitamins A, E and K, and alfalfa has high soluble cell wall compare with other fodder (Tomic et al., 2001 cit Radovic et al., 2009).
CONCLUSION
Nutrients quality such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash content as well as the value of the in vitro digestibility among varieties were not significantly different. However it was in the normal range quality of legume forages.
6XVWDLQDEOH /LYHVWRFN 3URGXFWLRQ LQ WKH 3HUVSHFWLYH RI )RRG 6HFXULW\ 3ROLF\ *HQHWLF 5HVRXUFHV DQG &OLPDWH &KDQJH
REFERENCES
AOAC, 1970. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. Anonim, -. Pengetahuan Bahan Makanan Ternak. Tim Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan IPB, Bogor. Gomez, KA and AA Gomez, 1995. Statistic Procedure for agriculure Research (alih bahasa oleh Syamsudin, E., dan J.S Baharsyah). Universitas Indonesia Press. Jakarta. Harnina, S. dan S. Parman, 2008. Pertumbuhan, Kandungan khlorofil dan Serat kasar pada
Defoliasi Pertama Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) Akibat Pemupukan Mikorisa. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. UNNES. Semarang. Hartadi, H., S. Reksohadiprojo., A. D. Tillman. 2005. Tabel Komposisi Pakan untuk Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press. Cetakan kelima. Katic, S., D. Millic, Karagic, D., Vasiljevic, S., Glamocic, D., and I. Jajic, 2009. Variation of Protein, Cellulose, and Mineral Contens of Lucerne as influenced by Cultivar and Cut.
Bitechnology in Animal Husbandry 25 (5-6): 1189-1195, Belgrade-Zemun. Koeing, R., Hurst, C., Barnhill, J., Kitchen, B., Winger, M. and M.Johnson, 1999. Fertilizer Management Alfalfa. Utah State University-Cooperative Extension, Utah.
Radovic, J., Skolovic, D. and J. Markovic, 2009. Alfalfa Most Important Perrenial Forage Legume in Animal Husbandry. Istitute For Animal Husbandry. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 25 (5-6) : 465-475. Belgrade Zemun. Republic of Serbia.
Tilley JMA and Terry R A., 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Brit. Grassland Soc. 18: 104-111 Widyati-Slamet, Kusmiyati., Purbayanti, E.D. dan Suharmanto. 2008. Produksi Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) dengan pemupukan fosfat dan interval defoliation yang berbeda.
J.Indon.Trop.Anim.Agric. 33 (2) une 2008. Undip. Semarang.