Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Irigasi Saluran Akar Terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis (In Vitro)
61
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Baumgartner JC, Siquiera JF, Sedgley CM, Kishen A. Microbiology of
Endodontic Disease. In: Ingle’s Endodontic 6. India: BC Decker Inc, 2008:
221-286.
2. Ercan E, Dalli M, Yavuz İ, Özekinci T. Investigation of Microorganisms in
Infected Dental Root Canals. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment.
2006; 20(2): 166-172.
3. Svensäter G, Chávez de Paz L, Theilade E. The microbiology of the necrotic
pulp. In: Textbook of endodontolgy. 2nd ed. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell,
2010: 95-110.
4. Peciuliene V, Maneliene R, Balcikonyte E, Drukteinis S, Rutkunas V.
Microorganism in root canal infections: a review. Stomatologija, Baltic
Dental and Maxillofacial Journal 2008; 10(1): 4-9.
5. Mohammadi Z, Palazzi F, Giardino L, Shadavi S. Microbial biofilm in
endodontic infections: an update review. Biomed J 2013; 36(2): 59.
6. Schäfer E. Irrigation of the root canal. ENDO 2007; 1(1): 11-27.
7. Yoshino T. Genotypic and penotyphic characterization of Porphyromonas
gingivalis in realtion to virulence. Thesis. Sweden: Göteborg (Univ), 2007:
11-12.
8. Rashid F, Jan CM, Polan MAA, Nomann NA, Rashid AJ, Zaki MM.
Endodontic-Periodontal
Interrelationship,
a
Phenomenon
Dealt
with
Dilemma: a Review. Bangladesh J. Dent. Res. Educ 2013; 3(1): 36.
9. Tomazinho LF, Avila-Campos MJ. Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis,
Porphyromonas
endodontalis,
Prevotella
intermedia,
and
Prevotella
nigrescens in chronic endodontic infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
Oral Radiol Endod 2007; 103(2): 285-8.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
62
10. Saito D, Countinho LL, Saito CPB, et al. Real-time polymerase chain reaction
quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannarella forsythia in
primary endodontic infections. JOE 2009; 35(11): 1518-23.
11. Kipalev AS, Dumani A, et al. Detection of selected anaerobic pathogens in
primary and secondary endodontic infections in a Turkish population. Afr. J.
Microbiol. Res 2014; 8(13): 1460-66.
12. Lačevic S, Foschi F, Pojskić L, Pojskić N, Bajrović K, Izard J. Correlation of
periodontal pathogens in concurrent endodontic-periodontal diseases. AODR
2015; 2(4):1-5.
13. Loo TYW, Jin LJ, Cheung MNB, Dou Y. Detection of Bacteroides forshythus
and Porphyoromonas gingivalis in infected root canal during periapical
periodontitis by 16S rDNA. Afr. J. Biotechnol 2009; 8(10): 2021-26.
14. Latoo S, Shah AA, et al. Endodontic Microbiology: Review Literature. IJCCI
2011; 2(6): 24-36.
15. Tokunaga C, et al. Literature Review Article Microbiology aspect of
endoperiodontal lesion. RSBO 2013; 10(2): 176-81.
16. Siquiera JF, Rôças.
Bacterial pathogenesis and mediators in apical
periodontitis. Braz Dent J 2007; 18 (4): 267-280.
17. Young GR, Parashos P, Messer HH. The principles of techniques for cleaning
root canals. Aust Dent J 2007; 52(1) (Suppl): S52-S63.
18. Venghat S, Hegde M, Shetty C. Irrigants used in endodontics. Int. J. Curr.
Microbiol. App. Sci 2014; 3(3): 126-132.
19. Basrani
B.Rani
A,
Chopra
A.Endodontic
irigation.
1
Mei
2011.
http://www.oralhealthgroup.com/news/endodonticirrigation/1425964/?&&er=
NA. (24 Agustus 2015).
20. Haapasalo M, Qian W. Irrigants and intracanal medicaments. In: Ingle’s
Endodontics 6. India: BC Decker Inc, 2008: 992-1007.
21. Ema M. Peran bahan disinfeksi pada perawatan saluran akar. Maj Ked Gi
2011; 18(2): 205-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
63
22. Rhodes JS. Irrigation and medication. In Advanced Endodontics Clinical
retreatment and surgery. UK: Taylor & Francis Group, 2006: 129-138.
23. Ilozue NM, Ikezu UP, Ugwu OPC. Anti-microbial and phytochemical
screening of the avocado seed extract of Persea americana (AVOCADO
PEAR). IOSR-JPBS 2014; 9(2): 23-25.
24. Biro Hukum dan Humas. Keputusan Menteri Ristek RI: Kebijakan strategis
nasional dan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (Jakstranas Iptek) 2010-2014.30
April
2010.http://ristek.go.idfile/upload/File/profil/jakstra2010/193MkpIV2010%20
JAKSTRANAS.pdf. (18 Agustus 2015)
25. Vivi L. Efek antibakteri ekstrak etanollerak (Sapindus rara DC) sebagai
alternatif bahan irigasi saluran akar terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis
(Penelitian In Vitro). Skripsi. Medan: FKG USU 2014:57.
26. Hendy. Efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol umbi lobak (Raphanus sativus
L)sebagai alternatif bahan medikamen saluran akar terhadap Porphyromonas
gingivalis (Penelitian In Vitro). Skripsi. Medan: FKG USU 2015: 37-40.
27. Leite J, Brito EH, et al. Chemical composition, toxicity and larvacidal and
antifungal activities of Persea americana (avocado) seed extracts. Rev. Soc.
Bras. Med. Trop2009; 42(2): 110-113.
28. Dewi, Sulistyowati. Penggunaan ekstrak biji buah alpukat (Persea americana)
sebagai antibakteri Proteus mirabilis dan Aerobacter aeorgenes. STIGMA
2013; 6(2): 31-34.
29. Jiménez-Arellanes, et al. Antiprotozoal snd antimycobacterial activities of
Persea americana seeds. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13:109.
30. Idris S, Ndukwe GI, Gimba CE. Preliminary phytochemical screening and
antimicrobial activity of seed extract of Persea americana (Avocado pear).
Bajopas 2009; 2(1): 173-6.
31. Asri D. Efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol biji alpukat (Persea americana)
sebagai bahan irigasi saluran akar terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Enterococcus
faecalis. Skripsi. Surakarta: FKG UMS, 2014:9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
64
32. Anis S, Laksmiari S, Devi EJ. The cleanliness differences of root canal
irrigated with 0.002% saponin of mangosteen peel extract and 2.5% NaOCl.
Dent J (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 2015; 48(2): 104-7.
33. Basrani B, Malkhassian G.Update of endodontic irrigating solutions. In
Endodontic Irrigation: Chemical Disinfection of the Root Canal System.
Switzerland: Springer International Publishing 2015: 99-101.
34. Peters OA, Peters CI. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. In:
Cohen’s Pathway of the Pulp. 10nd ed. China: Mosby Elsevier 2011: 283-316.
35. Glassman G, Charara K. Apical negative pressure: safety, efficacy, and
efficiency. In Endodontic Irrigation: Chemical Disinfection of the Root Canal
System. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing 2015: 157-160.
36. Boutsioukis C, Luca WM, Sluis van der. Syringe irrigation: blending
endodontics and fluid dynamics. In Endodontic Irrigation: Chemical
Disinfection of the Root Canal System. Switzerland: Springer International
Publishing 2015: 45-50.
37. Farag HA, Etman WM, Alhadainy HA, Darrag AM. Effect of different
irrigating protocols on push out bond strength of Resilon/Epiphany obturation
system. Tanta Dent J 2015; 12: 241-248.
38. Usha H.L, Kaiwar A, Mehta D. Biofilm in endodontics: New Understanding
to an Old Problem. ICJD 2010; 1(3): 44-51.
39. Banun K, Peni P, Desi SS. Uji biokimiawi sistem API 20 A mendeteksi
Porphyromonas gingivalis isolat klinik dari plak subgingiva pasien
periodontitis kronis. J PDGI 2010; 59(3): 110-4.
40. Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Porphyromonas gingivalis: an invasive and
evasive opportunistic oral pathogen. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 333: 1-4.
41. Jain P, Ranjan M. Role of herbs in endodontics- A review. IOSR JPBS 2014;
9(2): 6.
42. Menegristek Bidang Pendayagunaan dan Pemasyarakatan Ilmu Pengetahuan
dan Teknologi. ALPUKAT/AVOKAD(Persea americana Mill /Persea
gratissima Gaerth ). Februari 2000.http://www.ristek.go.id. (13 Januari 2016)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
65
43. Orwa, et al. Persea americana. Agroforesty Database 2009: 1-5.
44. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol. Rev
1999; 12(4): 565-73.
45. Rika
PR.
Uji
aktivitas
antibakteri
ekstrak
etanol
daun
mangga
bacang(Mangifera foetid L)terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro.
Skripsi. Pontianak: FK Universitas Tanjungpura 2014:11-14.
46. Tri US. Uji kepekaan terhadap antibiotik. Juke Unila 2015; 5(9): 119-123.
47. Sampurno, Ritiasa K, Muribat AR, et al. Parameter standar umum ekstrak
tumbuhan obat. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan, 2000: 7-9.
48. Beveridge TJ. Minireview: Structures of gram-negative cell walls and their
derived membrane vesicles. J Bacteriol 1999; 181(16): 4725-4733.
49. Christianto CW, Diana N, Istiati. Efek antibakteri ekstrak biji alpukat (Persea
americana Mill.) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Oral Biologi
Dent J 2012; 4(2): 40-44.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Baumgartner JC, Siquiera JF, Sedgley CM, Kishen A. Microbiology of
Endodontic Disease. In: Ingle’s Endodontic 6. India: BC Decker Inc, 2008:
221-286.
2. Ercan E, Dalli M, Yavuz İ, Özekinci T. Investigation of Microorganisms in
Infected Dental Root Canals. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment.
2006; 20(2): 166-172.
3. Svensäter G, Chávez de Paz L, Theilade E. The microbiology of the necrotic
pulp. In: Textbook of endodontolgy. 2nd ed. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell,
2010: 95-110.
4. Peciuliene V, Maneliene R, Balcikonyte E, Drukteinis S, Rutkunas V.
Microorganism in root canal infections: a review. Stomatologija, Baltic
Dental and Maxillofacial Journal 2008; 10(1): 4-9.
5. Mohammadi Z, Palazzi F, Giardino L, Shadavi S. Microbial biofilm in
endodontic infections: an update review. Biomed J 2013; 36(2): 59.
6. Schäfer E. Irrigation of the root canal. ENDO 2007; 1(1): 11-27.
7. Yoshino T. Genotypic and penotyphic characterization of Porphyromonas
gingivalis in realtion to virulence. Thesis. Sweden: Göteborg (Univ), 2007:
11-12.
8. Rashid F, Jan CM, Polan MAA, Nomann NA, Rashid AJ, Zaki MM.
Endodontic-Periodontal
Interrelationship,
a
Phenomenon
Dealt
with
Dilemma: a Review. Bangladesh J. Dent. Res. Educ 2013; 3(1): 36.
9. Tomazinho LF, Avila-Campos MJ. Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis,
Porphyromonas
endodontalis,
Prevotella
intermedia,
and
Prevotella
nigrescens in chronic endodontic infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
Oral Radiol Endod 2007; 103(2): 285-8.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
62
10. Saito D, Countinho LL, Saito CPB, et al. Real-time polymerase chain reaction
quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannarella forsythia in
primary endodontic infections. JOE 2009; 35(11): 1518-23.
11. Kipalev AS, Dumani A, et al. Detection of selected anaerobic pathogens in
primary and secondary endodontic infections in a Turkish population. Afr. J.
Microbiol. Res 2014; 8(13): 1460-66.
12. Lačevic S, Foschi F, Pojskić L, Pojskić N, Bajrović K, Izard J. Correlation of
periodontal pathogens in concurrent endodontic-periodontal diseases. AODR
2015; 2(4):1-5.
13. Loo TYW, Jin LJ, Cheung MNB, Dou Y. Detection of Bacteroides forshythus
and Porphyoromonas gingivalis in infected root canal during periapical
periodontitis by 16S rDNA. Afr. J. Biotechnol 2009; 8(10): 2021-26.
14. Latoo S, Shah AA, et al. Endodontic Microbiology: Review Literature. IJCCI
2011; 2(6): 24-36.
15. Tokunaga C, et al. Literature Review Article Microbiology aspect of
endoperiodontal lesion. RSBO 2013; 10(2): 176-81.
16. Siquiera JF, Rôças.
Bacterial pathogenesis and mediators in apical
periodontitis. Braz Dent J 2007; 18 (4): 267-280.
17. Young GR, Parashos P, Messer HH. The principles of techniques for cleaning
root canals. Aust Dent J 2007; 52(1) (Suppl): S52-S63.
18. Venghat S, Hegde M, Shetty C. Irrigants used in endodontics. Int. J. Curr.
Microbiol. App. Sci 2014; 3(3): 126-132.
19. Basrani
B.Rani
A,
Chopra
A.Endodontic
irigation.
1
Mei
2011.
http://www.oralhealthgroup.com/news/endodonticirrigation/1425964/?&&er=
NA. (24 Agustus 2015).
20. Haapasalo M, Qian W. Irrigants and intracanal medicaments. In: Ingle’s
Endodontics 6. India: BC Decker Inc, 2008: 992-1007.
21. Ema M. Peran bahan disinfeksi pada perawatan saluran akar. Maj Ked Gi
2011; 18(2): 205-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
63
22. Rhodes JS. Irrigation and medication. In Advanced Endodontics Clinical
retreatment and surgery. UK: Taylor & Francis Group, 2006: 129-138.
23. Ilozue NM, Ikezu UP, Ugwu OPC. Anti-microbial and phytochemical
screening of the avocado seed extract of Persea americana (AVOCADO
PEAR). IOSR-JPBS 2014; 9(2): 23-25.
24. Biro Hukum dan Humas. Keputusan Menteri Ristek RI: Kebijakan strategis
nasional dan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (Jakstranas Iptek) 2010-2014.30
April
2010.http://ristek.go.idfile/upload/File/profil/jakstra2010/193MkpIV2010%20
JAKSTRANAS.pdf. (18 Agustus 2015)
25. Vivi L. Efek antibakteri ekstrak etanollerak (Sapindus rara DC) sebagai
alternatif bahan irigasi saluran akar terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis
(Penelitian In Vitro). Skripsi. Medan: FKG USU 2014:57.
26. Hendy. Efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol umbi lobak (Raphanus sativus
L)sebagai alternatif bahan medikamen saluran akar terhadap Porphyromonas
gingivalis (Penelitian In Vitro). Skripsi. Medan: FKG USU 2015: 37-40.
27. Leite J, Brito EH, et al. Chemical composition, toxicity and larvacidal and
antifungal activities of Persea americana (avocado) seed extracts. Rev. Soc.
Bras. Med. Trop2009; 42(2): 110-113.
28. Dewi, Sulistyowati. Penggunaan ekstrak biji buah alpukat (Persea americana)
sebagai antibakteri Proteus mirabilis dan Aerobacter aeorgenes. STIGMA
2013; 6(2): 31-34.
29. Jiménez-Arellanes, et al. Antiprotozoal snd antimycobacterial activities of
Persea americana seeds. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13:109.
30. Idris S, Ndukwe GI, Gimba CE. Preliminary phytochemical screening and
antimicrobial activity of seed extract of Persea americana (Avocado pear).
Bajopas 2009; 2(1): 173-6.
31. Asri D. Efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol biji alpukat (Persea americana)
sebagai bahan irigasi saluran akar terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Enterococcus
faecalis. Skripsi. Surakarta: FKG UMS, 2014:9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
64
32. Anis S, Laksmiari S, Devi EJ. The cleanliness differences of root canal
irrigated with 0.002% saponin of mangosteen peel extract and 2.5% NaOCl.
Dent J (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 2015; 48(2): 104-7.
33. Basrani B, Malkhassian G.Update of endodontic irrigating solutions. In
Endodontic Irrigation: Chemical Disinfection of the Root Canal System.
Switzerland: Springer International Publishing 2015: 99-101.
34. Peters OA, Peters CI. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. In:
Cohen’s Pathway of the Pulp. 10nd ed. China: Mosby Elsevier 2011: 283-316.
35. Glassman G, Charara K. Apical negative pressure: safety, efficacy, and
efficiency. In Endodontic Irrigation: Chemical Disinfection of the Root Canal
System. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing 2015: 157-160.
36. Boutsioukis C, Luca WM, Sluis van der. Syringe irrigation: blending
endodontics and fluid dynamics. In Endodontic Irrigation: Chemical
Disinfection of the Root Canal System. Switzerland: Springer International
Publishing 2015: 45-50.
37. Farag HA, Etman WM, Alhadainy HA, Darrag AM. Effect of different
irrigating protocols on push out bond strength of Resilon/Epiphany obturation
system. Tanta Dent J 2015; 12: 241-248.
38. Usha H.L, Kaiwar A, Mehta D. Biofilm in endodontics: New Understanding
to an Old Problem. ICJD 2010; 1(3): 44-51.
39. Banun K, Peni P, Desi SS. Uji biokimiawi sistem API 20 A mendeteksi
Porphyromonas gingivalis isolat klinik dari plak subgingiva pasien
periodontitis kronis. J PDGI 2010; 59(3): 110-4.
40. Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Porphyromonas gingivalis: an invasive and
evasive opportunistic oral pathogen. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 333: 1-4.
41. Jain P, Ranjan M. Role of herbs in endodontics- A review. IOSR JPBS 2014;
9(2): 6.
42. Menegristek Bidang Pendayagunaan dan Pemasyarakatan Ilmu Pengetahuan
dan Teknologi. ALPUKAT/AVOKAD(Persea americana Mill /Persea
gratissima Gaerth ). Februari 2000.http://www.ristek.go.id. (13 Januari 2016)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
65
43. Orwa, et al. Persea americana. Agroforesty Database 2009: 1-5.
44. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol. Rev
1999; 12(4): 565-73.
45. Rika
PR.
Uji
aktivitas
antibakteri
ekstrak
etanol
daun
mangga
bacang(Mangifera foetid L)terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro.
Skripsi. Pontianak: FK Universitas Tanjungpura 2014:11-14.
46. Tri US. Uji kepekaan terhadap antibiotik. Juke Unila 2015; 5(9): 119-123.
47. Sampurno, Ritiasa K, Muribat AR, et al. Parameter standar umum ekstrak
tumbuhan obat. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan, 2000: 7-9.
48. Beveridge TJ. Minireview: Structures of gram-negative cell walls and their
derived membrane vesicles. J Bacteriol 1999; 181(16): 4725-4733.
49. Christianto CW, Diana N, Istiati. Efek antibakteri ekstrak biji alpukat (Persea
americana Mill.) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Oral Biologi
Dent J 2012; 4(2): 40-44.
Universitas Sumatera Utara