PROTEST AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAULO COELHO’S Protest Against Human Trafficking In Paulo Coelho’s Eleven Minutes Novel (2003) : A Sociological Approach.
PROTEST AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAULO COELHO’S
ELEVEN MINUTES NOVEL (2003) : A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH
A 320110098
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
APPROVAL
PROTEST AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAULO
COELHO’S ELEVEN MINUTES NOVEL (2003) : A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH
A320110098
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team
Consultant II
Consultant I
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
NIK. 410
Titis Setyabudi S.S., M.Hum.
NIK. 948
ii
ACCEPTANCE
PROTEST AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAULO COELHO’S
ELEVEN MINUTES NOVEL (2003) : A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
by :
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH
A320110098
Accepted by the Board Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners :
1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
(______________)
(Chairman)
2. Titis Setyabudi S.S., M.Hum.
(______________)
(Examiner I)
3. Dr. Phil. DewiCandraningrum, M.Ed.
(______________)
(Examiner II)
Dean,
Prof. Dr. HarunJokoPrayitno, M.Hum.
NIP. 19650428 199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
On this occasion, the researcher states that there is no proposed work before
in this Research to get Bachelor Degree in a certain University and as long as the
researcher knows that there is also no work or idea that has ever been written or
published by other people, except referred written in this Research Paper and
mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved that there are mistakes in the writer’s statements above later in
the future, the researcher will be wholly responsible.
Surakarta, 13 July 2015
The Researcher
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH
A320110098
iv
MOTTO
“The real success is determined by two factors. First is faith,
and second is action.”
(Anonymous)
“Working without praying will be nothing, praying without
workings are empty dreams. Believe that God will always open
the blessing door.”
(Anonymous)
“The big happiness is a collection of the long time struggle.”
(Anonymous)
“A clever person solves a problem. A wise person avoids it.”
(Albert Einstein)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
Allah SWT and The Prophet Muhammad SAW
My beloved parent’s
My big family
My beloved friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Great thanks to Allah SWT, the most gracious and merciful, who has given
the opportunity so the researcher can finish this study entitled “PROTEST
AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAULO COELHO’S ELEVEN
MINUTES NOVEL (2003) : A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH” Also thanks to
prophet Muhammad SAW.
The researcher realizes that this study impossible to finish without supports
and many helps from other people. Therefore, the researcher would like to express
her gratitude for the following person:
1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji, M.Si, as the Rector of Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta.
2. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S., as the first consultant, who has given his time to guide,
permission, information, advices, and correction in the arrangement this
study.
3. Titis Setyabudi, SS. M.Hum., the
second
consultant, for being good
consultant and giving the researcher suggestion in correcting this research
paper.
vii
4. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, Head of English Department who has
permitted her to conduct this paper.
6. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M. Ed., as her academic consultant.
7. All the lecturers of
English Department, for
preciuos
knowledge and
lecturing.
8. Her beloved parents (Ngadiman – Nanik Daryanti). Thanks for love, prayer,
support, patience, and everything.
9. Her beloved sister (Sindy Yuandhita Widya Sari). Thanks for the motivation.
10. Her beloved friends (Hendro Ari Saputro, Ambar, Nisa, Evi, Dyah, Arin,
Septi, Nana, Mega, Riska). Thanks
for the motivation and
the second
family of her.
11. All her friends of “Komunitas Awan” (Hendro Ari Saputro, Irin, Mbak
Endang, Rindu, Dewok, Maularsih, Rosy, Aya, Rosanti, Linda). Thanks to has
taught a variety of things, that to achieve something needed process and effort to the
summit.
12. Her entire friends in Department of English Education Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta especially class C who cannot be mentioned one by
one.
13. Her motorcycle “AD 5534 UN”. Thanks for faithfully accompany her.
viii
Finally, the researcher realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect,
so all suggestions and criticisms for improving this research are accepted widely and
happily. Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for the readers and prospective
researchers.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, 13 July 2015
The Researcher
Medista Ayu Ningsih
ix
SUMMARY
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH, A320110098. PROTEST AGAINST HUMAN
TRAFFICKING IN PAULO COELHO’S ELEVEN MINUTES NOVEL (2003)
: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF
SURAKARTA (2015).
This research paper aims at knowing protest against humans trafficking in
Eleven Minutes novel by Paulo Coelho which is analyzed by using sociological
approach. The objective of the research is to analyze the novel based on sociological
approach proposed by Diana Laurenson and Alan Swingewood. The type of this
research is descriptive qualitative. Data of the research are taken from primary and
secondary data. The method of analyzing this data is descriptive analysis. Based on
the sociological analysis, the author illustrates a sociological phenomenon which
should make every effort to cope with the problem of life. The sociological
phenomenon is shown by the struggle of Maria to survive in Switzerland after as
fraud victim in humans trafficking. Maria uses her creativity to protest against
humans trafficking.
Keywords: Human Trafficking, Sociological Approach, Eleven Minutes.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE .....................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................................ iii
TESTIMONY ........................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ............................................................. 1
B. Literature Review ........................................................................ 5
C. Problem Statement ...................................................................... 6
D. Objectives of the Study ............................................................... 6
E. Limitation of the Study ............................................................... 6
F. Benefit of the Study .................................................................... 7
1. Theoretical Benefit ............................................................. 7
2. Practical Benefit .................................................................. 7
G. Research Method ......................................................................... 7
1. Type of the Research .......................................................... 7
2. Object of the Study ............................................................. 7
3. Type of the Data and Data Source ...................................... 7
4. Technique of the Data Collection ...................................... 8
xi
5. Technique of the Data Analysis .......................................... 8
6. Paper Organization ............................................................. 8
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY ........................................................... 10
A. Sociology of Literature ............................................................. 10
B. Types of Sociology of Literature ............................................... 11
1. The Sociology of the Writer ............................................... 11
2. The Sociology of the Society ............................................... 12
3. The Sociology of the Reader ............................................... 12
C. Human Trafficking .................................................................... 12
1. Notion of Human Trafficking ............................................. 12
2. Form of Human Trafficking ............................................... 13
a. Sale of Children ............................................................ 13
b. Smuggle ........................................................................ 14
c. Migration with pressure ............................................... 14
d. Child Prostitution ......................................................... 14
e. Adult female prostitution ............................................. 14
D. Structural Elements of Novel ................................................... 15
1. Character and Characterization .......................................... 15
2. Setting ................................................................................ 15
3. Plot ..................................................................................... 16
4. Point of view ..................................................................... 16
5. Style .................................................................................... 17
6. Theme ................................................................................ 17
E. Theoretical Application ............................................................. 17
xii
CHAPTER III : SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BRAZIL SOCIETY ................... 19
A. Social Aspect ............................................................................ 19
1. Social Structure ................................................................... 19
2. Social Status ........................................................................ 20
3. Social Activities .................................................................. 21
a. Urbanization ................................................................. 21
b. Gender Relation ............................................................ 21
B. Economic Aspect ....................................................................... 22
C. Political Aspect ......................................................................... 22
D. Science and Technology ............................................................ 23
E. Cultural Aspect .......................................................................... 23
F. Religious Aspect ....................................................................... 24
CHAPTER IV : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ....................................................... 26
A. Structural Elements ................................................................... 26
1. Character and characterization ............................................ 26
a. Major Character ............................................................ 26
b. Minor Character ........................................................... 28
2. Setting ................................................................................. 30
3. Plot ...................................................................................... 32
4. Point of view ....................................................................... 35
5. Style .................................................................................... 35
6. Theme ................................................................................. 39
B. Discussion ................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V : SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS .................................................... 42
A. Sociological Analysis .................................................................. 42
xiii
1. Social Aspect ....................................................................... 42
2. Economic Aspect ................................................................. 43
3. Political Aspect .................................................................... 45
4. Science and Technology ...................................................... 46
5. Cultural Aspect .................................................................... 47
6. Religious Aspect .................................................................. 49
B. Discussion ................................................................................. 51
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ....................................... 55
A. Conclusion .................................................................................. 55
B. Suggestion ................................................................................... 55
C. Pedagogical Implication .............................................................. 56
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFFEERENCES
APPENDIX
xiv
ELEVEN MINUTES NOVEL (2003) : A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH
A 320110098
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
APPROVAL
PROTEST AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAULO
COELHO’S ELEVEN MINUTES NOVEL (2003) : A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH
A320110098
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team
Consultant II
Consultant I
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
NIK. 410
Titis Setyabudi S.S., M.Hum.
NIK. 948
ii
ACCEPTANCE
PROTEST AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAULO COELHO’S
ELEVEN MINUTES NOVEL (2003) : A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
by :
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH
A320110098
Accepted by the Board Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners :
1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
(______________)
(Chairman)
2. Titis Setyabudi S.S., M.Hum.
(______________)
(Examiner I)
3. Dr. Phil. DewiCandraningrum, M.Ed.
(______________)
(Examiner II)
Dean,
Prof. Dr. HarunJokoPrayitno, M.Hum.
NIP. 19650428 199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
On this occasion, the researcher states that there is no proposed work before
in this Research to get Bachelor Degree in a certain University and as long as the
researcher knows that there is also no work or idea that has ever been written or
published by other people, except referred written in this Research Paper and
mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved that there are mistakes in the writer’s statements above later in
the future, the researcher will be wholly responsible.
Surakarta, 13 July 2015
The Researcher
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH
A320110098
iv
MOTTO
“The real success is determined by two factors. First is faith,
and second is action.”
(Anonymous)
“Working without praying will be nothing, praying without
workings are empty dreams. Believe that God will always open
the blessing door.”
(Anonymous)
“The big happiness is a collection of the long time struggle.”
(Anonymous)
“A clever person solves a problem. A wise person avoids it.”
(Albert Einstein)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
Allah SWT and The Prophet Muhammad SAW
My beloved parent’s
My big family
My beloved friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Great thanks to Allah SWT, the most gracious and merciful, who has given
the opportunity so the researcher can finish this study entitled “PROTEST
AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAULO COELHO’S ELEVEN
MINUTES NOVEL (2003) : A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH” Also thanks to
prophet Muhammad SAW.
The researcher realizes that this study impossible to finish without supports
and many helps from other people. Therefore, the researcher would like to express
her gratitude for the following person:
1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji, M.Si, as the Rector of Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta.
2. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S., as the first consultant, who has given his time to guide,
permission, information, advices, and correction in the arrangement this
study.
3. Titis Setyabudi, SS. M.Hum., the
second
consultant, for being good
consultant and giving the researcher suggestion in correcting this research
paper.
vii
4. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, Head of English Department who has
permitted her to conduct this paper.
6. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M. Ed., as her academic consultant.
7. All the lecturers of
English Department, for
preciuos
knowledge and
lecturing.
8. Her beloved parents (Ngadiman – Nanik Daryanti). Thanks for love, prayer,
support, patience, and everything.
9. Her beloved sister (Sindy Yuandhita Widya Sari). Thanks for the motivation.
10. Her beloved friends (Hendro Ari Saputro, Ambar, Nisa, Evi, Dyah, Arin,
Septi, Nana, Mega, Riska). Thanks
for the motivation and
the second
family of her.
11. All her friends of “Komunitas Awan” (Hendro Ari Saputro, Irin, Mbak
Endang, Rindu, Dewok, Maularsih, Rosy, Aya, Rosanti, Linda). Thanks to has
taught a variety of things, that to achieve something needed process and effort to the
summit.
12. Her entire friends in Department of English Education Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta especially class C who cannot be mentioned one by
one.
13. Her motorcycle “AD 5534 UN”. Thanks for faithfully accompany her.
viii
Finally, the researcher realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect,
so all suggestions and criticisms for improving this research are accepted widely and
happily. Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for the readers and prospective
researchers.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, 13 July 2015
The Researcher
Medista Ayu Ningsih
ix
SUMMARY
MEDISTA AYU NINGSIH, A320110098. PROTEST AGAINST HUMAN
TRAFFICKING IN PAULO COELHO’S ELEVEN MINUTES NOVEL (2003)
: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF
SURAKARTA (2015).
This research paper aims at knowing protest against humans trafficking in
Eleven Minutes novel by Paulo Coelho which is analyzed by using sociological
approach. The objective of the research is to analyze the novel based on sociological
approach proposed by Diana Laurenson and Alan Swingewood. The type of this
research is descriptive qualitative. Data of the research are taken from primary and
secondary data. The method of analyzing this data is descriptive analysis. Based on
the sociological analysis, the author illustrates a sociological phenomenon which
should make every effort to cope with the problem of life. The sociological
phenomenon is shown by the struggle of Maria to survive in Switzerland after as
fraud victim in humans trafficking. Maria uses her creativity to protest against
humans trafficking.
Keywords: Human Trafficking, Sociological Approach, Eleven Minutes.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE .....................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................................ iii
TESTIMONY ........................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ............................................................. 1
B. Literature Review ........................................................................ 5
C. Problem Statement ...................................................................... 6
D. Objectives of the Study ............................................................... 6
E. Limitation of the Study ............................................................... 6
F. Benefit of the Study .................................................................... 7
1. Theoretical Benefit ............................................................. 7
2. Practical Benefit .................................................................. 7
G. Research Method ......................................................................... 7
1. Type of the Research .......................................................... 7
2. Object of the Study ............................................................. 7
3. Type of the Data and Data Source ...................................... 7
4. Technique of the Data Collection ...................................... 8
xi
5. Technique of the Data Analysis .......................................... 8
6. Paper Organization ............................................................. 8
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY ........................................................... 10
A. Sociology of Literature ............................................................. 10
B. Types of Sociology of Literature ............................................... 11
1. The Sociology of the Writer ............................................... 11
2. The Sociology of the Society ............................................... 12
3. The Sociology of the Reader ............................................... 12
C. Human Trafficking .................................................................... 12
1. Notion of Human Trafficking ............................................. 12
2. Form of Human Trafficking ............................................... 13
a. Sale of Children ............................................................ 13
b. Smuggle ........................................................................ 14
c. Migration with pressure ............................................... 14
d. Child Prostitution ......................................................... 14
e. Adult female prostitution ............................................. 14
D. Structural Elements of Novel ................................................... 15
1. Character and Characterization .......................................... 15
2. Setting ................................................................................ 15
3. Plot ..................................................................................... 16
4. Point of view ..................................................................... 16
5. Style .................................................................................... 17
6. Theme ................................................................................ 17
E. Theoretical Application ............................................................. 17
xii
CHAPTER III : SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BRAZIL SOCIETY ................... 19
A. Social Aspect ............................................................................ 19
1. Social Structure ................................................................... 19
2. Social Status ........................................................................ 20
3. Social Activities .................................................................. 21
a. Urbanization ................................................................. 21
b. Gender Relation ............................................................ 21
B. Economic Aspect ....................................................................... 22
C. Political Aspect ......................................................................... 22
D. Science and Technology ............................................................ 23
E. Cultural Aspect .......................................................................... 23
F. Religious Aspect ....................................................................... 24
CHAPTER IV : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ....................................................... 26
A. Structural Elements ................................................................... 26
1. Character and characterization ............................................ 26
a. Major Character ............................................................ 26
b. Minor Character ........................................................... 28
2. Setting ................................................................................. 30
3. Plot ...................................................................................... 32
4. Point of view ....................................................................... 35
5. Style .................................................................................... 35
6. Theme ................................................................................. 39
B. Discussion ................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V : SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS .................................................... 42
A. Sociological Analysis .................................................................. 42
xiii
1. Social Aspect ....................................................................... 42
2. Economic Aspect ................................................................. 43
3. Political Aspect .................................................................... 45
4. Science and Technology ...................................................... 46
5. Cultural Aspect .................................................................... 47
6. Religious Aspect .................................................................. 49
B. Discussion ................................................................................. 51
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ....................................... 55
A. Conclusion .................................................................................. 55
B. Suggestion ................................................................................... 55
C. Pedagogical Implication .............................................................. 56
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFFEERENCES
APPENDIX
xiv