S PLB 0909047 Table of Content
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN HAK CIPTA ................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii
PERNYATAAN .................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ v
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ................................................................................ vi
KATA MUTIARA ............................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xvi
DAFTAR GRAFIK.............................................................................................. xvii
DAFTAR BAGAN ............................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Penelitian ...................................................................... 1
B. Identifikasi Masalah .............................................................................. 4
C. Batasan Masalah.................................................................................... 5
D. Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................. 5
E. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ........................................................... 6
1. Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................... 6
2. Manfaat Penelitian............................................................................. 6
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .............................................................................. 8
A. Tunanetra ............................................................................................... 8
B. Low Vision ............................................................................................ 10
C. Prinsip-prinsip Pembelajaran Anak Low Vision ................................... 11
D. Kemampuan membaca Anak Low Vision ............................................. 12
E. Membaca Permulaan.............................................................................. 12
F. Huruf Timbul sebagai Media Pembelajaran .......................................... 14
G. Penelitian terdahulu yang Relevan ........................................................ 15
H. Kerangka Pemikiran............................................................................... 16
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 18
A. Lokasi dan Subjek Penelitian...................................................................... 18
1. Lokassi Penelitian .................................................................................. 18
2. Subjek Penelitian.................................................................................... 18
B. Desain Penelitian.......................................................................................... 19
C. Definisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian..................................................... 20
1. Media Huruf Timbul sebagai Variabel Bebas....................................... 20
2. Membaca Permulaan sebagai Variabel Terikat ..................................... 21
D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .......................................................................... 22
E. Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................... 22
1. Membuat Kisi-kisi.................................................................................. 23
2. Pembuatan Butir Soal............................................................................ 24
3. Kriteria Penilaian Butir Soal ................................................................. 27
F. Uji Coba Instrumen...................................................................................... 27
1. Judgement ............................................................................................. 27
2. Uji Validitas ........................................................................................... 28
G. Analisis data ................................................................................................ 31
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................... 35
A. Hasil Penelitian........................................................................................... 35
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Baseline-1 (A1) .................................................................................... 35
2. Intervensi (B) ....................................................................................... 37
3. Baseline-2 (A-2) .................................................................................. 38
B. Analisi Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan ................................................ 40
1. Analisi Dalam Kondisi ......................................................................... 40
2. Analisis Antar Kondisi ......................................................................... 53
C. Pembahasan ................................................................................................ 59
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................. 62
B. Saran .......................................................................................................... 62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 64
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. 69
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1.Media Huruf Timbul.......................................................................... 15
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1. Klasifiksi Ketajaman Penglihatan Menurut WHO............................... 9
Tabel 3.1. Kisi-Kisi Kemapuan Membaca Permulaan ........................................... 23
Tabel 3.2. Butir Soal Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan ...................................... 24
Tabel 3.3. Daftar Pemberi Judgement .................................................................... 28
Tabel 3.4. Hasil Judgement .................................................................................... 29
Tabel 4.1. Data Presentase Baseline-1 (A-1) ........................................................ 36
Tabel 4.2. Data Presentase Intervensi (B) ............................................................. 37
Tabel 4.3. Data Presentase Baseline-2 (A-2) ........................................................ 39
Tabel 4.4. Panjang Kondisi .................................................................................... 41
Tabel 4.5. Estimasi Kecenderungan Arah ............................................................. 43
Tabel 4.6. Presentase Stabilitas .............................................................................. 49
Tabel 4.7. Kecenderungan Jejak Data ................................................................... 49
Tabel 4.8. Level Stabilitas Rrentang ...................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.9. Level Perubahan.................................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.10. Rangkuman Hasil Analisis Dalam Kondisi ........................................ 51
Tabel 4.11. Jumlah Variable Yang Diubah ............................................................ 53
Tabel 4.12. Perubahan Kecenderungan Arah Dan Efeknya ................................... 53
Tabel 4.13. Kecenderungan Stabilitas Dan Efeknya .............................................. 54
Tabel 4.14. Perubahan Level.................................................................................. 55
Tabel 4.15. Data Overlap ....................................................................................... 58
Tabel 4.16. Rangkuman Hasil Analisis Visual Antar Kondisi .............................. 58
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 3.1. Desain A-B-A .................................................................................... 20
Grafik 4.1. Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Fase Baseline-1 (A-1) ................. 36
Grafik 4.2. Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Fase Intervensi (B)...................... 38
Grafik 4.3. Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Fase Baseline-2 (A-2) ................. 39
Grafik 4.4. Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Fase A1-B-A2 ............................. 40
Grafik 4.5.Estimasi Kecenderungan Arah Fase Baseline-1 (A-1) ........................ 42
Grafik 4.6. Estimasi Kecenderungan Arah Fase Intervensi (B) ............................ 42
Grafik 4.7. Estimasi Kecenderungan Arah Fase Baseline-2 (A-2) ....................... 43
Grafik 4.8. Kecenderungan Stabilitas Fase Baseline-1 (A-1) ............................... 45
Grafik 4.9. Kecenderungan Stabilitas Fase Intervensi ........................................... 47
Grafik 4.10. Kecenderungan Stabilitas Fase Intervensi (B) .................................. 48
Grafik 4.11. Overlap Kondisi Baseline-1 9A-1) Dengan Intervensi (B)............... 56
Grafik 4.12. Overlap Kondisi Intervensi (B) Dengan Baseline-2 (A-2) ............... 57
Grafik 4.13. Mean Level Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan ................................ 59
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1. Kerangka Berfikir................................................................................. 17
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Kemampuan Membaca Permulaa.......................................... 67
Butir Soal Kemampuan Membaca ......................................................................... 69
Lembar Kerja Siswa............................................................................................... 73
Expert Judgement ................................................................................................... 80
Hasil Judgement (Uji Validitas) ............................................................................. 86
Hasil Pencatatan Skor............................................................................................ 90
Foto Penelitian........................................................................................................ 97
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Halaman
HALAMAN HAK CIPTA ................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii
PERNYATAAN .................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ v
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ................................................................................ vi
KATA MUTIARA ............................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xvi
DAFTAR GRAFIK.............................................................................................. xvii
DAFTAR BAGAN ............................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Penelitian ...................................................................... 1
B. Identifikasi Masalah .............................................................................. 4
C. Batasan Masalah.................................................................................... 5
D. Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................. 5
E. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ........................................................... 6
1. Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................... 6
2. Manfaat Penelitian............................................................................. 6
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .............................................................................. 8
A. Tunanetra ............................................................................................... 8
B. Low Vision ............................................................................................ 10
C. Prinsip-prinsip Pembelajaran Anak Low Vision ................................... 11
D. Kemampuan membaca Anak Low Vision ............................................. 12
E. Membaca Permulaan.............................................................................. 12
F. Huruf Timbul sebagai Media Pembelajaran .......................................... 14
G. Penelitian terdahulu yang Relevan ........................................................ 15
H. Kerangka Pemikiran............................................................................... 16
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 18
A. Lokasi dan Subjek Penelitian...................................................................... 18
1. Lokassi Penelitian .................................................................................. 18
2. Subjek Penelitian.................................................................................... 18
B. Desain Penelitian.......................................................................................... 19
C. Definisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian..................................................... 20
1. Media Huruf Timbul sebagai Variabel Bebas....................................... 20
2. Membaca Permulaan sebagai Variabel Terikat ..................................... 21
D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .......................................................................... 22
E. Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................... 22
1. Membuat Kisi-kisi.................................................................................. 23
2. Pembuatan Butir Soal............................................................................ 24
3. Kriteria Penilaian Butir Soal ................................................................. 27
F. Uji Coba Instrumen...................................................................................... 27
1. Judgement ............................................................................................. 27
2. Uji Validitas ........................................................................................... 28
G. Analisis data ................................................................................................ 31
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................... 35
A. Hasil Penelitian........................................................................................... 35
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Baseline-1 (A1) .................................................................................... 35
2. Intervensi (B) ....................................................................................... 37
3. Baseline-2 (A-2) .................................................................................. 38
B. Analisi Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan ................................................ 40
1. Analisi Dalam Kondisi ......................................................................... 40
2. Analisis Antar Kondisi ......................................................................... 53
C. Pembahasan ................................................................................................ 59
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................. 62
B. Saran .......................................................................................................... 62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 64
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. 69
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1.Media Huruf Timbul.......................................................................... 15
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1. Klasifiksi Ketajaman Penglihatan Menurut WHO............................... 9
Tabel 3.1. Kisi-Kisi Kemapuan Membaca Permulaan ........................................... 23
Tabel 3.2. Butir Soal Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan ...................................... 24
Tabel 3.3. Daftar Pemberi Judgement .................................................................... 28
Tabel 3.4. Hasil Judgement .................................................................................... 29
Tabel 4.1. Data Presentase Baseline-1 (A-1) ........................................................ 36
Tabel 4.2. Data Presentase Intervensi (B) ............................................................. 37
Tabel 4.3. Data Presentase Baseline-2 (A-2) ........................................................ 39
Tabel 4.4. Panjang Kondisi .................................................................................... 41
Tabel 4.5. Estimasi Kecenderungan Arah ............................................................. 43
Tabel 4.6. Presentase Stabilitas .............................................................................. 49
Tabel 4.7. Kecenderungan Jejak Data ................................................................... 49
Tabel 4.8. Level Stabilitas Rrentang ...................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.9. Level Perubahan.................................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.10. Rangkuman Hasil Analisis Dalam Kondisi ........................................ 51
Tabel 4.11. Jumlah Variable Yang Diubah ............................................................ 53
Tabel 4.12. Perubahan Kecenderungan Arah Dan Efeknya ................................... 53
Tabel 4.13. Kecenderungan Stabilitas Dan Efeknya .............................................. 54
Tabel 4.14. Perubahan Level.................................................................................. 55
Tabel 4.15. Data Overlap ....................................................................................... 58
Tabel 4.16. Rangkuman Hasil Analisis Visual Antar Kondisi .............................. 58
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 3.1. Desain A-B-A .................................................................................... 20
Grafik 4.1. Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Fase Baseline-1 (A-1) ................. 36
Grafik 4.2. Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Fase Intervensi (B)...................... 38
Grafik 4.3. Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Fase Baseline-2 (A-2) ................. 39
Grafik 4.4. Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Fase A1-B-A2 ............................. 40
Grafik 4.5.Estimasi Kecenderungan Arah Fase Baseline-1 (A-1) ........................ 42
Grafik 4.6. Estimasi Kecenderungan Arah Fase Intervensi (B) ............................ 42
Grafik 4.7. Estimasi Kecenderungan Arah Fase Baseline-2 (A-2) ....................... 43
Grafik 4.8. Kecenderungan Stabilitas Fase Baseline-1 (A-1) ............................... 45
Grafik 4.9. Kecenderungan Stabilitas Fase Intervensi ........................................... 47
Grafik 4.10. Kecenderungan Stabilitas Fase Intervensi (B) .................................. 48
Grafik 4.11. Overlap Kondisi Baseline-1 9A-1) Dengan Intervensi (B)............... 56
Grafik 4.12. Overlap Kondisi Intervensi (B) Dengan Baseline-2 (A-2) ............... 57
Grafik 4.13. Mean Level Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan ................................ 59
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1. Kerangka Berfikir................................................................................. 17
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Kemampuan Membaca Permulaa.......................................... 67
Butir Soal Kemampuan Membaca ......................................................................... 69
Lembar Kerja Siswa............................................................................................... 73
Expert Judgement ................................................................................................... 80
Hasil Judgement (Uji Validitas) ............................................................................. 86
Hasil Pencatatan Skor............................................................................................ 90
Foto Penelitian........................................................................................................ 97
Rian Ahmad Gumilar, 2014
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Huruf Timbul terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Huruf
Awas pada Anak Low vision Kelas I SD LB di SLB Negeri A Kota Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu