A critical discourse analysis of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok)'s speech in Seribu island 2016 on youtube.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama

(Ahok)

’s

Speech in SeribuIsland 2016 on Youtube

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Bachelor Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic

University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

HAFIFAH

Reg.Number: A03212042

ENGLISH LITERATURE

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL

SURABAYA

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama

(Ahok)’s Speech in

Seribu Island 2016 on Youtube

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Bachelor Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic

University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

The Advisor

Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag

NIP. 196909251994031002

HAFIFAH

Reg.Number:A03212042

ENGLISH LITERATURE

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL

SURABAYA

ABSTRACT

Hafifah. 2016. A Critical Discourse Analysis of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok)’s Speech in Seribu Island 2016 on Youtube. English Department of Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Thesis Advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag

Key word :Ahok’s Speech Video, Critical Discourse Analysis, Religious Blasphemy

Ahok's speech video in his working visit in the Seribu island as the Governor of Jakarta has spread on Youtube which has a content that affect the social, political, even religious paradigm. The main content in question was related to his statement to chapter of Al-Maidah verse 51 which is considered as a form of blasphemy against religion.

To know and understand objectively the purpose and impact of his speech.Therefore, the approach of qualitative descriptive method with the theory foundation of Fairclough's critical discourse analysis such as textual, discursive practice and social practice is precisely as a research analysis blade against Ahok's speech video.

The findings and research results showed that textual features were vocabulary, grammar, cohesion and text structure. While the results of the discursive features of deep interpretation through the utterance surface, the meaning of utterance, local coherence, and the text and points which as a whole showed no religious blasphemy in his speech, because it is part of the explanation of his program in the Seribu island and the description of Indonesia politics.

As for the social features include participants, actions, performance modes, and presentation style and eligibility conditions. These features indicated that the main sources and environments of his speech were addressed by no issues concerning their contents, but the reconstruction of mindstream and social paradigm altered the reality of speech which had an impact on national issues, related to religious blasphemy and political element of governor election with reinforced by language and religious scholars who supported Ahok had defamed religion.

However, this research was still common and there were shortcomings, especially in terms of political issues. The researcher hope the next research will combine the critical discourse analysis theory with other speeches that contain the same issues as Rizieq Shihab, Jokowi and other speeches.

INTISARI

Hafifah. 2016. A Critical Discourse Analysis of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok)’s Speech in Seribu Island 2016 on Youtube. English Department of Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Thesis Advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag

Key word :Video Pidato Ahok, Analisis Diskursus Kritis, Penistaan Agama.

Video pidato ahok dalam kunjungan kerjanya di kepulauan Seribu sebagai gubernur Jakarta telah tersebar di Youtube dan berdampak kepada paradigma sosial, politik, bahkan agama. Muatan utama yang dimaksud adalah terkait dengan pernyataannya terhadap surat Al-Maidah ayat 51 yang dianggap sebagai bentuk penistaan terhadap agama.

Untuk mengetahui dan memahami secara objektif tujuan dan dampak pidato Ahok, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan landasan teori analisis diskursus kritis Fairclough berupa tekstual, praktik diskursif dan praktif sosial tepat menjadi pisau analisis penelitian terhadap video pidato Ahok.

Temuan dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitur-fitur tekstualnya adalah kosakata, tata bahasa, kohesi dan struktur teks. Sedangkan hasil fitur diskursif yaitu interpretasi secara mendalam melalui permukaan ucapan, arti ucapan, koherensi lokal, dan teks dan intinya yang secara keseluruhan menunjukkan tidak adanya penistaan agama dalam pidatonya, sebab merupakan bagian penjelasan mengenai programnya di kepulauan Seribu dan gambaran politik Indonesia.

Adapun fitur sosialnya berupa partisipan, aksi, mode penampilan, dan gaya presentasi dan kondisi kelayakan. Fitur-fitur tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sumber dan lingkungan utama pidatonya disampaikan tidak ada permasalahan mengenai isinya namun rekonstruksi mindstream dan paradigma sosial mengubah realita pidato yang berdampak pada permasalahan nasional, terkait penistaan agama dan adanya unsur politik pemilihan gubernur dengan diperkuat para pakar bahasa dan agama yang mendukung Ahok menistakan agama.

Bagaimanapun penelitian ini masih umum dan terdapat kekurangan terutama segi masalah politik. Peneliti berharap penelitian selanjutnya memadukan teori analisis diskursus kritis dengan pidato lainnya yang memuat permasalahan yang sama seperti pidato Rizieq Shihab, Jokowi dan lainnya.

INTISARI

Hafifah. 2016. A Critical Discourse Analysis of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok)’s Speech in Seribu Island 2016 on Youtube. English Department of Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Thesis Advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag

Key word :Video Pidato Ahok, Analisis Diskursus Kritis, Penistaan Agama.

Video pidato ahok dalam kunjungan kerjanya di kepulauan Seribu sebagai gubernur Jakarta telah tersebar di Youtube dan berdampak kepada paradigma sosial, politik, bahkan agama. Muatan utama yang dimaksud adalah terkait dengan pernyataannya terhadap surat Al-Maidah ayat 51 yang dianggap sebagai bentuk penistaan terhadap agama.

Untuk mengetahui dan memahami secara objektif tujuan dan dampak pidato Ahok, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan landasan teori analisis diskursus kritis Fairclough berupa tekstual, praktik diskursif dan praktif sosial tepat menjadi pisau analisis penelitian terhadap video pidato Ahok.

Temuan dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitur-fitur tekstualnya adalah kosakata, tata bahasa, kohesi dan struktur teks. Sedangkan hasil fitur diskursif yaitu interpretasi secara mendalam melalui permukaan ucapan, arti ucapan, koherensi lokal, dan teks dan intinya yang secara keseluruhan menunjukkan tidak adanya penistaan agama dalam pidatonya, sebab merupakan bagian penjelasan mengenai programnya di kepulauan Seribu dan gambaran politik Indonesia.

Adapun fitur sosialnya berupa partisipan, aksi, mode penampilan, dan gaya presentasi dan kondisi kelayakan. Fitur-fitur tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sumber dan lingkungan utama pidatonya disampaikan tidak ada permasalahan mengenai isinya namun rekonstruksi mindstream dan paradigma sosial mengubah realita pidato yang berdampak pada permasalahan nasional, terkait penistaan agama dan adanya unsur politik pemilihan gubernur dengan diperkuat para pakar bahasa dan agama yang mendukung Ahok menistakan agama.

Bagaimanapun penelitian ini masih umum dan terdapat kekurangan terutama segi masalah politik. Peneliti berharap penelitian selanjutnya memadukan teori analisis diskursus kritis dengan pidato lainnya yang memuat permasalahan yang sama seperti pidato Rizieq Shihab, Jokowi dan lainnya.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page ... i

Inside Title Page... ii

Declaration Page... iii

Thesis Advisor’s Approval Sheet... iv

Thesis ExaminerSheet... v

Motto ... vi

Dedication Page... vii

Acknowledgement ... viii

Table of Contents ... x

Abstract ... xii

Intisari ... xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION _{... 1}

1.1. Background of the Study ... 1

1.2. Statement of the Problem ... 6

1.3. Objective of the Study ... 6

1.4. Significance of the Study ... 6

1.5. Scope and Limitation ... 7

1.6. Definition of Key Terms ... 8

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE_{... 9}

2.1. Theoretical Framework ... 9

2.2. Discourse Analysis ... 12

2.2.1. Understanding of Discourse Analysis ... 12

2.3. Critical Discourse Analysis ... 17

2.3.1. Understanding of Discourse Analysis ... 17

2.3.2. Model of Critical Discourse Analysis... 20

2.3.4. Discursive Practice (Interpretation)... 24

2.3.5. Social Practice (Explanation) ... 25

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY _{... 29}

3.1. Research Approach ... 29

3.2. Research Instrument ... 30

3.3. Data and Data Sources ... 31

3.4. Data Collections ... 32

3.5. Data Analysis ... 33

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION _{... 36}

4.1. Findings ... 36

4.1.1. Chronology of Ahok’s Speech... 36

4.1.2. Textual Features... 38

4.1.2.1. Vocabulary... 38

4.1.2.2. Grammar... 42

4.1.2.3. Cohesion and Text Structure... 48

4.1.3. Discursive Features... 56

4.1.4. Social Features... 61

4.2. Discussion ... 65

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION_{... 71}

5.1. Conclusion... 71

5.2. Suggestion... 73 BIBBLIOGRAPHY ...

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes about the basic of the research that includes the reason why the researcher chooses the topic in background of the study, statement of the problems which are investigated, objectives of the study, expectation of some target readers in significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study and the definition of the key terms.

1.1. Background Of the Study

Nowadays, the globalization era really influences the development of technology. The human life inseparable from the role of technology. Technology plays an important role because it is facilitated the communication process and it seemed to has become a necessity in human life. One form of technology, such as internet, video and television. According to Strauss, El-Ansary, and Frost (2003) internet is a whole network of computers that are connected one and other. Some computers that are connected to the network which is stores some files that can be accessed and used, such as web pages, and other data also can be also used and accessed by different computers that connected one and other through the internet. According to the experts, video is something that can be seen, primarily the live images (moving; motion), record, and show which are involves technology. Therefore, many people who understand the video in two terms, namely, as the record of live broadcast and as technology; that is technology of

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processing electronic signals representing moving pictures. With the advancement of technology nowadays, of course people enable to upload, watch or download the videos that are circulating over the internet. We can access the video by offline through DVD media player or online such as youtube and other online media.

The next technology is television. It is an electrical device that catches the broadcast in the form of audio-visual and the program presented in broadcasting. Television is used to transmit moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound.Philo Taylor Farnsworth designed the concept of a television in 1927 in San Francisco by coding and decoding radio waves with pictures. In the 1940s, televisions could only be found in a few thousands homes across the United States, and today almost all homes have at least one television. Both video and television have the same function as the electronic mass media used to provide information, education, news, advertisement and entertainment to a broad audience.

Recently, a video about the speech of Jakarta governor,BasukiTjahajaPurnama, or well known as Ahokis spread, the video is very controversial and being debated. Ahokis the governor of Jakarta who visited into the Seribu island on 27 September 2016, with the purpose of work reviews related to grouper cultivation program which is cooperation between provincial government of Jakarta and the society of Seribuisland. In his visit to the Seribuisland,Ahok delivered a general speech about governor program to give some assistances and supports to the people of Seribu Island. But, in the middle of

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his speech on the work program he said the statement that offend the Muslim community. Ahok criticized conduct of blasphemy by many parties especially Muslims who is offended with his statement about Al-maidah verse 51.

Looking at this phenomena, the researcher considered that communication is very important thing to establish a close relationship between one person to another. Communication is a process of delivering information from the speaker (sender) to the listener (recipient information). In order to deliver the message, the speaker should use language that is well understood by the hearer. When the language used by the speaker can be easily understood by the listener, of course, the communication process is successful or communicative. We cannot be separated from the use of language as a communication tools in everyday life because they are related to each other.

Language is a symbol of the arbitrary sound used by a community to work together, interact, and identify themselves (MONE, 2001: 88). According to Chaer (2004: 11), the language is a symbol system, in the form of sound, somewhat arbitrary, productive, dynamic, diverse, and humane. While Armstrong and Ferguson (2010:5), language as a set of „meaning- making resources’ that are crucial to everyday communication and which enable speakers not only to convey information to each other but also maintain social relationship in the sense of both transaction and interaction. Therefore, it is clear that language is a functional since it is not only use to provide information; instead, it is used to perform multiple purposes.

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Indiscourse analysis, language not only convey an idea or explain social phenomena naturally or through linguistic articulation, but also to produce meaning as a toolthat isused for the certain purposes of the particular subject. Language have certain rules or the same pattern. There are three views on language in Discourse analysis, such as positivism view, construction view and critical view. But then, this study will only focus on the third view, or we called as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Critical discourse analysis is emphasizes on text and context of the language and specific practices, including the practice of ideology.

Depend on Fairclough (1996 : 287), critical discourse analysis is “a perspective which is concerned with showing up often opaque connections between language and other aspects of society and culture”. While Van Dijk (1997), Critical discourse analysis is a type of discourse analytical research that primarily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context. In addition, van Dijk (1993) suggests examining the style, rhetoric or meaning of texts for strategies that aim at the concealment of social power relations and the exercise of power.

Study on Critical discourse analysis has been done by several researchers. Some researcher who interest to takes this term in the advertisements are (Vahid and Esmae’liq, 2012; Tahmasbi and Kalkhajeh, 2013; Iqbal, 2014; Prawitasari, 2014, hidayah 2016). Some other researchers have been made attempts to see the use of Critical discourse analysis in another media such as political speech are

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(Bhatia, 2006; Bayram, 2010; Wang, 2010; Matic, 2012), TV shows (El Saj, 2012), newspapers (Mahfouz, 2013), online mass media (Safitri, 2015), song lyric (Nadya Nurfadhilah Delima, 2011) and articles (Wenden, 2005; Rambe, 2012).

The present study focuses on filling in the gaps by investigating the video of Basuki Thahaja Purnama (Ahok) which is uploaded on youtube on 6th October to know the construction of the discourse of the text. This study will take a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective to analyse textual data from the video of the governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, where the utterances of speech in the video will be analyzed focus on Norman Fairclough’s (1995) model of critical discourse analysis, a three-dimensional framework for the analysis of text and discourse: 1) textual analysis 2) discursive analysis and 3) social and historical analysis.

The researcher chooses Basuki Tjahaja Purnama video as the object of this study rather than other video because this video is the interesting one for the researcher and the researcheris curious about what does Ahok really conduct religious blasphemy?. Indonesia recently shocked by the circulation of this video that contains speech of the governor of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, during his visit to theSeribu island. The video created social tensions between communities of religious suspicion that the governor conduct a blasphemy. This video become the hotest issues in Indonesia and caused a strong reaction from the public especially muslims until the case brought to the law and influence the next phenomena. Moreover, as long as the researcher’s knowledge, there is no any study or research in State Islamic University of SunanAmpel Surabaya that uses

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Critical Discourse Analysis as tool to analyze the political speech video. So, it can be the first one in the field of linguistics.

1.2. Statement Of the Problems

This study is conducted to answer the problem formulated in the following questions:

1.2.1 What are the textual features used in Basuki Tjahaja Purnama’s speech? 1.2.2 What are the discursive features present in Basuki Tjahaja Purnama’s

speech?

1.2.3 What are the social features used in Basuki Tjahaja Purnama’s speech?

1.3. Objectives

Based on the problems above, the objectives of the study are aimed:

1.3.1 To get understanding on what are the textual features that is used in BasukiTjahajaPurnama’s speech.

1.3.2 To get understanding on what are the discursive features present in BasukiTjahajaPurnama’s speech.

1.3.3 To get understanding on what are the social features that used in Basuki Tjahaja Purnama’s speech.

1.4. Significances Of the Study

As the people who live in society, certainly we can notseparated from the use of language to communication . Critical discourse analysis is a major discipline to investigate language variances in social context. Critical discourse

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analysis gives a framework to study the relationship of society and discourse, text and context, power and language (Luke,1995, 1996, 2002 and Fairclough, 2001). Through this research, the researcher hope that this study may provide information in linguistic field, generally to the readers and particularly to the students of SunanAmpel State Islamic University.

Hence, the result of this study is expected to contribute to the students of linguistic who want to investigate the relationship among language, ideology and power, and how the language influence the people used Critical discourse analysis.

1.5. Scope and Limitation

This study will focus on all utterances said by the governor of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, in the video. The analysis is centered on the textual features, discursive features and social aspect present in Basuki Tjahaja Purnama’s speech in the video which uploaded on youtube on 6th October 2016. The researcher limits the term „Critical Discourse Analysis’ in Fairclough’s (1995) model of Critical Discourse Analysis – a three dimensional framework to analyze the text and discourse which is used in the video of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama’s speech in Seribu island uploaded on Youtube. And that speech can be analyzed on three perspectives, they are: textual, discursive and socio-historical.

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1.6. Definition of Key Term

In order to avoid the misunderstanding and misinterpretation about the basic concepts in the study, the definition and key terms are stated below:

1. Critical Discourse Analysis is a type of discourse analytical research that primarily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, inequality, descrimination manifested by text in the social and political context. Fairclough(1989) critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a form of research that analyses the relationship between discourses, society, power and ideology.

2. Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) is Jakarta Governor who served since 19 November 2014. On 14 November 2014, He was announced officially became a substitute Jakarta Governor JokoWidodo, through a special plenary meeting at Jakarta Parliament Building. BasukiTjahaja Purnama an Indonesian citizens of Chinese ethnic and the first religious followers of Protestant Christians who became governor of Jakarta.

3. Youtube is a video sharing service that allows users to watch videos posted by other users and upload videos of their own. The service was started as an independent website in 2005 and was acquired by Google in 2006. Videos that have been uploaded to youtube may appear on the youtube websiteand can also be posted on other websites, though the files are hosted on the youtube server.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1. Theoretical Framework

This chapter presents the research review and some literatures related to the research tittle. This chapter explains the concept, some related theories and support previous chapter. The researcher makes effort to reveal the video of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok)’s speechbecause of creating some social phenomenon and people perception about the video content.

The process of understanding speech which is delivered by Ahok can be known through a review in the Discourse analysis. But the problems that occur in content of the speech related to the understanding of society about the blasphemy of Islam by Ahok against the meaning of one verse from the letter of Al-Maidah. Therefore, in terms of religion, social and culture in Indonesia, it turns out to have provided a broad discourse not limited to the understanding of text only, but other things related to the appearance in the video and the response of Indonesian society, was coloring this problem so that requires understanding critically and profoundly by using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). This is a very crucial aspect in which power and domination are examined in public life through media (Ramanathan and Hoon, 2015 in Orelus, 2017).

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Discourse analysis (DA) is an analytical framework used to study text and words in a communicative context. DA is also considered a common methodology, theory and critique related to social construction and social power. However, the presence of CDA provides its own style in understanding the media based on the integration of text analysis, production process, consumption and distribution of text and sociocultural analysis (Fairclough, 1995: 24). The understanding of CDA through visual media is based on the linguistic analysis of the text that are contained therein, because visual analysis has traditionally been the domain of media and cultural studies (Machin and Mayr, 2012: 1). Textual analysis in CDA involves linguistic and intertextual analysis, both of which are closely related to discourse media order which belongs to the domain of cultural power (Talbot, 2007: 15).

Domain of cultural power is seen in Ahok’s speech which can be analyzed based on CDA by viewing discourse - the use of language in speech and writing - as a form of social practice (Fairclough and Wodak, 1997: 258 in Bazzi, 2009: 72). Therefore, the description of social practice in the discourse implies directly the dialectical relationship between certain discursive events and the situation, in this case (at that time) related to the election of the governor of Jakarta which involves in understanding the religion of the surrounding community against the verses of the Qur’an in the letter of Al-Maidah verse 51. Therefore, the study of Ahok’s speech can be categorized into two discussions as linguistic discourse and discourse practices (Georgakopoulou and Spilioti, 2016: 362).

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The discussion can be determined by relation between linguistic and non linguistic aspects which are explained by Norman Fairclough to analyze news in mass media: text (description), discourse practice (interpretation) and cultural social practice (explanation) (Fairclough, 1995: 97). As the description in CDA includes vocabularies, grammar, cohesion and text structure. Besides, interpretation is based on the combination between texts and its meaning toward related resource of study. Furthermore, explanation portrays the provision that is implemented in the level of social structure discourse and its process. So, Ahok’s speech in youtube did not relate to textual or linguistics only, but it relates to many kinds of non linguistics dimensions, even power discourse which encourages Ahok to make the speech.

Figure 2.1. Framework of study

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)

Object of CDA: Ahok Speech

Power/Politic Ideology People behavior

Fairclough’s three -dimensional model

Social Practice (Explanation)

Discursive Practice (Interpretation)

Textual Dimension (Description)

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2.2. Discourse Analysis

2.2.1. Understanding of Discourse Analysis

Human speech may become an interactive activity which may have some characteristics to be discussed seriously in order to understand and know the purpose of speech. So that, human speech may influence people’sunderstanding, perception, social and culture, even religion.This perspective to interpret and understand human speech is able to be understood by using discourse analysis, eventhough discourse analysis is not implemented in human speech only, but there are many kind of aspects that may be able to use it such as politic, social, culture, art and others.

However, the important term is to know the understanding of discourse analysis in order to be able to relate and intergrate some discussion so the expected purpose can be achieved well. Eriyanto (2006:2) presents some understanding of discourse,firstly, discourse is communication of verbal, speech and conversation.Secondly, subject formal treatment in speech or text, and thirdly, the unit of text that’s used by linguist to analyze more units of sentences. While Crystal (1992:25) as cited in Tauschel (2004:2)defines it as a continuous intesifying of language that is larger than a sentence.

According to Brown and Yule (2003:1), discourse analysis is required to analyze the usage of language. This creats the value of language usage to transmit factual and proportional information and be

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able to describe as transactional. It is also applied to approach analysis of language in order to know language pattern which relates to cultural and social contexts because this discourse analysis can pursue some one to make option and choose it as wanted in social context or cultural context (Paltridge,2012:1-3).Language analysis naturally occurs to connect the speech or writen discourse, but the discourse analysis focus on language use in social context and in part of interaction. While Laclau and Mouffe does not limit the discussion of discourse in language only, but it may be studied in activities, texts and other objects so discourse simply mentions and relates to both of linguistics aspect and non-linguistics aspect (Laclau, et.al.,1985:100).

The relation between linguistics and non linguistics aspect is explained by Norman Fairclough in analyzing news in mass mediainto three parts; text, discourse practice, and cultural social practice (Fairclough, 1995:97). Fairfclough’s manner of analysis consists of describing linguistic from language text, interpretation of relationship between different processes and text, explanation of relationship between different processes and social processes.

Furthermore, Fairclough (2003) explains about the manner to apply discourse that may relate to analysis. According to him, there are three manners,firstly, language is a part of social community, seccondly, language is social practice, and the last is usage discourse as noun that gives meaning through the manner of delivering words or speaking. The

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first manner explains that discourse may relate to certain field of knowledge such as politic, economic or other scientific discourse. Hence, discourses meet flexibility to be understood and practiced so the analysis involves to suitable method of discourse that relates to purposed knowledge. While the second manner explains that discourse does not arrange the social structure only, but arranged, moreover if the discourse is critical discourse analysis usually has relationship with power and politic. Then, the last is to determine meaning that is created from people experience to analyze discourse in some perspectives or aspects such as environtment, politic ideology and others.

Based on Fairclough’s thought, it may be concluded that discourse analysis may be understood in two aspects namely linguistics study and politic. In linguistics, it is defined as reaction from formal lingustic form which pays attention more to words unit, phrases, or sentence without doingmore attention to the relationship of those element each others.While discourse analysis in politic is defined to the application of language, because language is fundamental aspect of describing subject, and the idelogy can be absorbed from language (Halwati,2013:153).

However, discourse analysis initially may refer to discourse that’s defined and limited as language as social practice form. While analysis refers to user or group of discourse. Hence, discourse analysis is study of multiple aspect in interpretation of language use which relates to social practice and communication (Taylor,2013:16).This relation involves the

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research or investigation toward language, its meaning, practices and resources that can be operated in critical language study such as sociolinguistic, communication, semiotic and others.

Implementation of discourse analysis generally in many various of knowledge give felexibility of powerful way to observe and study many related knowledges because it is important development to understand about linguistic and social sciences deeply. The importance of discourse analysis is found in Wood and Kroger (2000:29-30) statement that’s cited by Philips and Hardy (2002:10) as below:

Thus the task of discourse analysis is not to apply categories to

participant’s talk, but rather to identify the ways in which participants themselves actively construct and emplor categories in their talks. Further, all categorization is provisional: analysis requires constant reflexive attention to the process of categorization of both the participant and the analyst.

The statement above explains that discourse analysis is complex science that all of the aspects can not be studied or understood well because it requires text, context, discourse and capability of researcher to reveal the study by using discourse analysis, because of understanding of discourse is not enough by using verbal media but it is used to all processes of social interaction where language becomes a part of social interaction. That is way, Halliday (as cited from Canepari,2011:83) states

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two intentions of discourse analysis namely to understand the text which is studied and to evaluate it and effectiveness of text evaluation. These two intention and achievement give sign that interpretation of text is not the fundamental thing in discourse analysis, but it must be supported by others such as context of culture, social and situation. So text and context are two things which are difficult to be separated in discourse analysis.

Analysis of text is on major approach of discourse analysis. Because language can not be reduced from existence of social life, interconnection with social life elements, that all of it may receive development and be able to distinguish one discourse to other discourse (Fairclough,2005:2-3). Of course, the text which is based on language have to be analyzed to know the objectives of the text in social life so this analysis becomes part of social life. This distinction in discourse analysis that relates to social life distinguish discourse analysis that shows about function of language use in a goal to show and interpret the relationship between order or pattern with purpose that is expressed from unit of language only (Purbani,2009:3).

Thus, according to expert of social linguistics such as Norman Fairclough, Teun Van Djik, Ruth Wodak, the understanding of discourse analysis is not to interpret and represent only, but it also constructs and makes form of social entity and relationship, hence, this development of discourse analysis in social term is called with „order of discourse’ as Norman Fairclough’s statement (Fairclough,2005:3). Furthermore, the

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order of discourse how that language is not the only one in discourse analysis, but language is social practice so the position of analyst here has to be put into account. Thus,the model of discourse analysis that is developed into critical discourse analysis which may be implemented in various of knowledge discipline such as politic, educational and others is needed. Therefore, Fairclough determines three-stage critical discourse analysis model involving description, interpretation and explanation (Baker and Ellece,2011:191).

2.3. Critical Discourse Analysis

2.3.1. Understanding of Critical Discourse Analysis

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in cultural sciences is recognized one of textual analysis form and development of linguistic analysis of text as resource for research and social analysis (Fairclough, 2005:3). CDA is development of discourse analysis that is used by Fairclough in order to enable power analysis of social relationships and social change analysis (Christie, 2002:8). So,CDA can be a political relationship with the practitioners acting which has power to change a world avoiding discrimination because of ager or social class, colour and others (Caldas, et.al.,2003:9). Thereby, it’s implemented to witten text and soeech by using critical theories to reach for the purpose of CDA to identify and analyze ideologies and relationshiop or involvement of power (Beaudry and Miller,2016:89).

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Van Dijk (1995) in Ulinnuha (2013:262) stated that CDA is special approach that still includes in discourse analysis, but it concentrates to certain situation and condition, elements and group or institution behavior which have created power abuse.In other words, this critical discourse analysis is an attempt at the disclosure of matters related to social and political contexts by using written texts as well as words to counter or reproduce them, such as the expression of power, power, injustice done, dominance develops.

Thus, it shows that critical discourse analysis is the development of discursus analysis that involves social, cultural, and even political context. Therefore, to study it required three frameworks as steps that must be done as an analysis, namely the analysis of verbal and written text, practical discourse analysis that is to express a text so that it can be produced, distributed and even consumed, and discursive analysis of events namely analysis to socio-cultural problems or things that occur in the midst of social society (Fairclough, 1995: 24). The three frameworks are critical application of critical discourse analysis that is interpreted as language, either verbally or in writing, is seen as an action, so it aims to detect some social problems that occur, especially relates to power and discrimination. In short, this discourse study is interpreted as a reflection of the relation or linkage of power that occurs in society (Renkema, 2004: 282).

The use of critical discourse analysis can combine social and language theory and describes how both of them are applied and used not

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as usual and the methodology of language analysis has production source in-observation deeply that exceeds ordinary experience (Dolon and Todoli, 2008: 132-133). Based on this, critical discourse analysis means (Titscher, et.al., 2000: 149-150 in Richardson, 2006):

The analysis of relationships between concrete language use and the wider social cultural structures. He attributes three dimensions to every discursive event. It is simultaneously text, discursive practice-which also includes the production and interpretation of text-and social practice. The analysis is conducted according to these three dimensions.

The statement is seen in the important perspective of CDA closely relates to the idea of power through the language approach as the basic unit of communication which is a central condition in social life (Weiss and Wodak, 2007: 12). This linkage is attempts to develop the theory of real language, because language can be implemented in various ways such as expressing social and cultural forces and ideologies contextually (Wodak and Meyer, 2009: 10). Because CDA aims to change linguistics and other areas of language learning by introducing critical perspective on language, the critical theory is then integrated into social science that completes the shortcomings of discourse analysis (Norman Fairclough and Isabela Fairclough, 2012).

This distinguishes CDA from Saussure’s stretched discourse because it only focuses on the discussion of the context of spoken

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language. So discourse researchers are required not only to be social observers, but to be the social critics and the most important CDA targets of power elites, acting as policy breakers, continuing, legitimizing, forgetting or justifying discrimination and social injustice (Whetherell et al. , 2001: 383; Wodak and Chilton, 2005: 88), although in general, the linguistic and non linguistic aspects are a dimension of totality in discourse (Laclau, at.al., 1985: 100).

On the level of reality, CDA is known and developed by parties who have interests and powers by through its efforts to produce discourse dominantly to control the void of public space in order to influence the other so follow to be dominated. Automatically, the media that is used to produce the discourse is a dictionary language and a choice of text, containing all its purposes and in accordance with its mission of interest and power. Therefore, through the CDA is expected to reveal the dominant discourse that has been produced, power and holders of power (www.wkuswandoro.com).

2.3.2. Model of Critical Discourse Analysis

As mentioned earlier, the discourse referred to the critical discourse analysis is an understanding of something that creates a statement that doesn't reflects only but also shapes and constructs relations and social entities. The term and understanding of CDA has been expanded and developed by social linguists such as Teun van Djik, Ruth Wodak and Norman Fairclough.

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CDA model which's applied by Teun Van Djik (1993: 249) is seen from definition by limiting the social and political context to counter the flow of discrimination and social injustice. This is in contrast to the understanding of CDA by Jorgensen and Philips (2007: 1-3) who believe it as an approach in social constructivist. Therefore, Van Djik's model of understanding of CDA is not merely an analysis of the text, but an understanding of the text that becomes results of social production to get result and comprehensive understanding about the background and purpose of the text is created. Thus produces the description of discourse dimension by Van Djik (as cited from Eriyanto, 2006: 225) that is divided into three dimensions those are texts, social cognition and social context. Meanwhile Fowler et.al. (1979) in Seidlhofer (2003: 127) describes his analysis model in the form of critical linguistic (CL) which is the development of concept and method of Halliday's functional-systemic grammar, which emphasizes the structure and function of language to know an ideological practice. Therefore, the elements of study are vocabulary and grammar.

In contrast to Fairclough's (2003) model of understanding which focuses on CDA targets toward spoken and written texts, furthermore both of them are used as discourses to produce desired outcomes. Therefore, Fairclough (cited from Joseph and Robert, 2004: 45) develops CDA theory through his concept of analysis called three-dimensional discursive in the form of text, discursive practice (production, distribution and

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consumption) and social practice. Fairclough's three models are also

expressed in the form of description, interpretation and

explanation.(Mayes and Elma, 2006: 71).

The division model of Fairclough CDA dimensions clearly distinguishes between text and context. While in speech and learner's statement in vygotsky theory it can be understood based on micro genetic development and in Fairclough CDA it can be known and understood through text level. From here, it is clear that context in CDA Fairclough become the next explanation to complete explanation that's obtained from texts. The division of context involves processes, ideologies and powers that are implemented in the public level. (Gruske and Swaffield, 2008: 94). 2.3.3. Textual Dimensions (Description)

The combination of texts and discourses can be used in a variety of ways based on different research traditions being implemented. The first model in Fariclough's thinking is known by description, which shows what the language says through text so as to have face values, such as grammar, vocabulary and others that can be described either through text description or visual image.

The analysis uses desciption in CDA is divided into four commonly used in non-critical approaches to discourse analysis namely vocabulary (defined as individual words), grammar (defined by word combinations in a sentence), cohesion (defined by one sentence relation ),

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And text structure (defined by the nature of word settings on a large or large scale) (Joseph and Robert, 2004: 45).

In addition to these four things, Fairclough (1992) adds 3 other dimensions in the textual, it's form of acts speech, constitution and intertextuality. However, some dimensions in the textual dimensional can be concluded textual analysis that's used by Fairclough into two characters. First, interdiscursive analysis, it is discourse, genres and style, are analyzed and then described in a text so that all three can be articulated. It is understandable that each of these three has the text as the main part of it that can be articulated together. Second, linguistic analysis, or analysis on some texts that must have multimodal analysis of different semiotic modes such as language, visual image (body language). At this stage, the text is not only limited to be articulated but also the analytical level of orders of discourse so that social practices of moments, social organizations and institutions can be recognized as well (Fairclough, 2010).

Furthermore, Fariclough (1989: 110) explains that the inquiry items used for analyzing texts should not be used entirely, but rather on open alternatives to be discussed and developed in such a way. Some of these items are: the first, vocabularies include experiental values, relational values, expressive values and metaphors used. the second, grammar of the same scope, only removes the metaphor and adds how the

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sentence to each other is connected. The third, the textual structure includes the form of interaction and the larger structure of the text.

2.3.4. Discursive Practice (Interpretation)

This second dimension is a dimension closely relates to the production process and the consumption of the texts. Furthermore, Fairclough explains that interpretation can be created through a combination of texts and its meanings, based on the use of sources for interpretation. Therefore, there are levels in the depiction of how interpretations are implemented, those are utterance surface, utterance meaning, local coherence and text and point (integrity of discourse) (Fairclough, 1989: 142). Thus, it can be concluded that the results of interpretation are derived from the determination of the meaning of specific features of text that has a close relationship with specific contextual factor (Litosseliti, 2010: 208).

These four levels are the stages in sequence to implement interpretation (Beautiful, 2009: 8-9). The first level deals with the process and expertise of the interpreter in performing the process to identify words, phrases, clauses and speech phrases. The second level is the determination of meaning is part of the texts. This is done by integrating the meaning of words and information that's based on grammar, then processed in such a way as to obtain the implicit meaning to be overall meaning of proposition. While the level when this level is further interpretation that creates a meaning relationship between the sentence at

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the previous level. However, at this third level it is still covered by local coherence in certain parts of the texts. Furthermore, the last level is a global coherence on all the texts that mutually support and relate each others. Based on these levels, it is known that the texts have the existence and dimension of interpersonal relations and ideational relations (Widdowson, 2004: 19).

2.3.5. Social Practice (Explanation)

Explanation is the analysis that express the relationship of social context in discourse and practice. It is implemented if two previous dimension of Fairclough’s thought were done. However the explanations has function to portray determination of social structure in discourse and its process (Fairclough, 1989:163).Therefore, this research will explain the text that relates to social practice in the video in order to know well the reality of critical discourse analysis which occured in Indonesia social and politic term.

Social practice in this research will use particular text inside the video that may be implemented the characteristic of social practice and power. However, the text within video shows how social practice elements come into texts.Therefore there are some elements include social practices as below (Leeuwen,2008:8-12):

a) Participants

This element is the first to set all needs in social practices in particular roles (it relates to instigator, agent, afffected or beneficiary). However,

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participants sometime are not addressed in the text clearly or explicitly but participant may be analyzed and recognized from the integration of text and context.

b) Actions

The next element is set of actions that can be showed in a sequence. The actions make easy to know the chronology and sequence in the text. So, it purse someone or researcher of discourse to choose some actions that relate to the discourse to be interpreted until explanation as well. However, actions has relation each other which may creat explanation each other until finding the purpose of discourse.

c) Performance Modes

This element directs to proper explanation of actions inside the text or object of critical discourse analysis. So it determines how performance modes take a role to make good explanation.

d) Eligibility condition (participant)

This elements is the qualification participants in particular social practice in order to be eligible.

e) Presentation style

This element explains social practices involves some styles of presentation such as dress or body style. It is also able to explain how the text or visual text is delivered by participant or conveyor.

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f) Times

This element determines particular parts of the text or visual text takes place in definite times. In this research, time also explains many kinds of reactions during related text or visual text existance.

g) Location

Specific location detemines the explanation of the text or visual text which relates to social practices.

h) Eligibility condition (locations)

This element refers to the preparatory practice in social practices such as building, different social institution, decoration and others.

i) Resources: Tools and Materials

Resources relate to practices of performances which are considered as resources in order to be able explain social practice.

j) Eligibility conditions (resources)

This element determines some condition that relate to social practice in order to be resource. So not all conditions here can be taken to be resources, but eligible condition may be taken a role into resources. Of course, it needs selective resource to strengthen the explanation.

Those elements may be understood and concluded into the condition of socio-cultural which’s divided into three division: firstly, situational: unique situation when the text was produced, secondly, institutional, it is the influence of institutional toward produced text. Thirdly,societal which can be known and understood by look around the

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social practice within macro things in society such as politic system, economic system and people culture (Fairclough,1989:164).

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the research approach, research instrument, data and data source, data collection and data analysis.

3.1. Reseach Approach

To explain how Ahok’s peech can be known and understood well within textual and contextual, the writer use suitable tool, it is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). As far as we know that Ahok’s speech has relation with the power and election of Jakarta governor which may analyze it by usig CDA dimensions. Therefore CDA concentrates to a particular situation and conditition,element and group behavior which involve power analysis and social change analysis (Renkema,2004:282; Christie,2002:8). However, the important thing of CDA, eventhough relates to power ideology by using language approach as unit of communication, but it makes efforts to develop theory of language (Wodak and Meyer,2009:10). Meanwhile, Teun Van Djik (1993:249) does not focus CDA into language only, but he also limited CDA in social context and politic. Furthermore Fairclough (1995:24) uses the CDA concept within three-dimensional discrusive such as text, discursive practice and social practice.

Thus, to reveal the problem of Ahok’s speech, the researcher must use suitable approach in order to make the study perfect. Hence,

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qualitative approach is suitable for the study which is able to explore and reveal the problem as well as possible. Descriptive research relates to some techniques to specify, delineate or describe happening phenomena naturally without manipulatingenvirontments or an artificially contrived treatment, so, it may include both qualitative and designs of experimental research (Seliger and Shohamy,2001:116, 124; Matsuda and Silva,2014:10).

Meanwhile,qualitative researchis phenomena study thatcomes from insider persepective, using interpretative framework and relates to social context with natural setting (Lapan, et.al.,2011:2).Therefore, the definition of qualitative research is a loosly defintion which obtain verbal data, visual, tactiel and other such as audio, video, pictures (1998:24). On other hand, Biklen and Bogdan (1992:21-22) define it as research procedure which produce descriptive data in form of verbal, non-verbal and people behavior whom are observed.

Thus, Ahok’s speech is naturally able to be studied and observed by using descriptive-qualitative approach because it includes social phenomena and is able to be analyzed in textual and contextual study. Hence, this approach is expected capable of deep explanation and result about speech in textual and contextual perspective, and people behavior that relate to Ahok’s speech.

3.2. Research Instrument

Based on the research approach, it can be understood that the primary instrument of study is human. Therefore, human being has main role to analyze

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Ahok’s speech and all related data. Of course, the primary instrument of study is the writer who has to gather and analyze every data.

Second instrument is going to be collected from internet, books, laptop which may produce and support the study to look for and collect informations that involve the study such as journal, theory and others. Furthermore, every informations and data is going to choose and analyze. Then, laptop is the instrument to help and process the study until finished.

3.3. Data and Data Source

The study involves use and collection of data which have function and may be divided into primary and secondary data. Primary data is data which is obtained by the researcher directly from orginal resource. In the study, primary data is Ahok’s speech which includes the vocabulary or words, sentences, cohesion, phrase, text structure, grammar and people behavior. Furthermore, from primary data is going to be collected and analyzed as the fundamental of research data in order to be focus.

The secondary data is supporting data to complete primary data. In other word, the secondary data is data which is obtained by researcher indirectly. In the study, the secondary datacan be gotten from the commentator of Ahok’s speech, chronology of Ahok’s judiciary, scholars statements or opinions, and people behavior.

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3.4. Data Collection

The data is going to be collected and used in the study of Ahok’s speech. So, there are ways to collect sepecific data relate to the study which is used by the researcher in the following explanation:

a. Searching Video

As the first way of collecting data, the researcher looks for specific video, as special Ahok’s speech video, and other videos that relate to the study. In this case, the researcher looks in www.youtube.comby selecting suitable and complete video because the duration of Ahok’s speech video is different each other.The complete Ahok’s speech video truly occured in reality which consists of linguistic terms and contextual terms.Furthermore, searching the video is not only for Ahok’s speech video, but it may be other videos which relate to the study as data or documents.

b. Searching or writing the video script

This step is going to be done if the video is found. The researcher further looks for the script of Ahok’s speech. The script may be found in some resources in internet which is suitable with the video such as script inside the video, script in the certain blogspot. However, if the researcher does not find the script, so it will be writen by the researcher to be analyzed as well as possible.

c. Downloading video and script.

The last way is done if intended video and script have been collected. Hence, the researcher donwloaded all suitable videos and the script to saved. Then, the

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script would be focused and used as main data to be analyzed in perspective of CDA.

Besides the steps above, the researcher collects the data by the other way such as documentation.Documentation is to look for the related data with variables which may be consisted of notes, transcripts, books, newspapers, magazines, agenda and so on.

3.5. Data Analysis

Data analysis in the study uses Fairclough (1995:24) theory of three-dimensional discrusive such as textual, discursive practice and social practice.The ways to analyze may be described as follows:

1. Reading carefully the Ahok’s speech from the script. This reading initially to give the writer understanding about the problem of study. So the researcher is going to get the description concerns CDA generally.

2. Classifying the data that relates to three-dimensional discrusive of Fairclough’s thought and analyze it.Of course, the first step is to classify every single part of Ahok’s speech transcript under textual analysis. The textual dimensional can be described as follows:

a. The using of vocabulary and word. As we know that Ahok could use some words that have own meaning and understanding.

b. The using sentences, cohesion and grammar (past tense, present, and future tense). This step is for analyzing intention of sentences and its cohesion that reproduce some meaning in reality or future perspective that relates to

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power and politic. So, grammar also takes the role to analyze all sentences and cohesion to make sure the discourse of Ahok’s speech and to reveal discourse order textually, not contextually.

c. The implementation of phrase and text structure. It is may analyze part of sentences that relates each other through cohesion and grammar, and for analyzing transcript of Ahok’s speech generally which may produce other meaning and obtain whole understanding of Ahok’s speech in discourse perspective.

d. People behavior. It does not relate to script of Ahok’s speech and his behavior only. But it is to analyze the effect of Ahok’s speech –people behavior generally toward the speec-that is focused on what Ahok said textually and how far respond of people to the speech. However, from the speech –as found script- may create reaction other people, viewer, or the audiences.

The textual feature or dimensions is for revealing and answering the first statement of problems.

Furthermore,to reveal and answer second statement of problem, the writer uses next step, it is discursive practice. This way to reveal CDA of Ahok’s speech which is not limited by textual step. So, this step involves the capability of subject to interpret the first step. Fairclough thought in this step argues that production of text also relates to whole media organization, so chronology problems from begining up to now produces the meaning as

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contextual eventhought it involves the interpretation of texts or first step. So, second step is to answer the second statement of problems.

The last issocial practice or explanation. This step pursue the researcher to explain everything that relates to CDA problem of Ahok’s speech. Hence, this last step of classifying data analysis is very important thing to show and prove quality of the study after doing previous steps. So, the last step is to answer the third statement of problems.

3. Concluding the whole analysis or results of the study.This step is to prove the result of study briefly and shortly in order to be understood easily. So, making conclusion give whole description of the study result.

CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter would prersent the findings and discussion that had been found by the researcher, based on data analysis which had been analyzed and systematized to fulfill the needs of this research in order to find the good result, even the best result. Therefore,the findings are for supporting, developing, and enriching discussion until answering the statement of problem so the research could give objective result which could be compared with other research result, because the tittle or problem is phenomenal at this time and it may be repeated in the future. Thus, the research would focus on textual and contextual interpretation and meaning which were compared with social and power features or discourse.

4.1. Findings

4.1.1. The Chronology of Ahok’s SpeechCritical Discourse Analysis

Ahok’s speech on this issue was carried out in the Seribu island, which was on a working review program on September 2016. His arrival aimed to review the grouper empowerment program which, according to his understanding and experience will continue even though the governor would be replaced in governor’s choice on February 2017. Therefore, according to him, residents do not have to worry about not having to choose him just because they want the program to continue (www.bbc.com).

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This background is fundamental to the interpretation of Ahok’s speech regarding religious blasphemy though in a matter of seconds. Therefore, the momentum was used by Buni Yani to upload a video that will be phenomenal at that time on October 6, 2016 titled “blasphemy against religion?” by cutting off one of the words used by ahok, that is “use”. Buni Yani action was the embryo of a case of blasphemy by Ahok that is supported by the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) South Sumatra. Furthermore, itis supported by several organizations that reported Ahok’s actions.

The polemic and discourse that occurred in the video was first coming from a video uploaded by Buni Yani with editing as much as 7 times (editing), thus it causes different discourses and interpretations. The atmosphere became increasingly murky that led Ahok into the big problem through a report from Republika at 14.17 WIB entitled “Called Residents were Lyed by Al-Qur’an, Tomorrow Ahok will be dealing with police”, thus adding a series of reports of blasphemy him as many as 5 reports on Ahok’s case complaints on October 7, 2016 (www.detikmetro.com). Based on the incident, Ahok apologized to the Muslims regarding his remarks regarding sural Al-Maidah verse 51 on October 10, 2016.

That chronology was an embryo that would flourish so as to encourage all elements of society demand a legal accountability of Ahok’s speech. However, the demands of the community is allegedly a political arena because it is supported by some people who tend to touch, even in direct contact, with politics, such as Rizieq Shihab, Fahri Hamzah and Fadli Zon. Furthermore, this event

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became a discourse for society because it approached the election of the Governor of DKI in 2017 so that it tends to come into contact with the ruler and thick with the political atmosphere of Indonesia. Therefore, textual and contextual discourse in Ahok’s speech is important to study based on discourse analysis to understand the meaning and purpose his speech. The selection of words in Ahok’s speech contributed to the critical discourse and some opinions on his speech became the subject of the study that needed to be reviewed in terms of critical discourse analysis.

4.1.2. Textual Features

4.1.2.1. Vocabulary

Ahok’s speech has several words that each have the original meaning before being combined with another word. These words became fundamental in understanding the entire contents of Ahok’s speech as well as looking at the polemic that happened until the creation of a blasphemy accusation against him. Therefore, the individual’s original meaning of words needs to be revealed to create harmony between words to the corresponding interpretation in the next stage.

As for the words that needed to be expressed are words that can represent the whole content of Ahok’s speech as keywords. These keywords which will be developed with other words as a supporting words (secondary) in order to create harmony and integrity of textual meaning so as not to generate multi

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interpretation. The key words are generally divided into two, namely verbal and non verbal.

Some words in Ahok’s speech and titles that are given by Buni Yani had verbs or basic forms that can be different meanings and application. So, there are some words that indicate the meaning of the process as well as things to come (future). Therefore, the conformity of words choice in this case largely determine the understanding of person who literally listens to it.Some of the verbs in question are degrading, choosing, believing, feeling, cheating, telling and hating or dislike. All of these verbs have their respective affixes and each meanings which will be explained in sequence of following meaning of verbs:

First, the word “menistakan” (slander) has the stem word „nista’ (in Indonesia language) with the prefix „me’ and the end (sufix) „kan’ mean making (assume/consider) nista (insult), has a synonym of the word with humiliating and demeaning. This word is based on its prefix and sufix show the meaning of performing the action.

Secondly, word “memilih” (to choose) has prefixes „me’ (in Indonesia word) indicates the meaning of appointing people and others by voting to them, as in elections and others. Thirdly, the word “percaya” (belief) in this issue is more likely to show the true sense of certainty or to assure the ability or the advantage that a person has to fulfill his or her expectations. Fourth, the word “merasa” ( to feel) is a word associated with feelings, inner feelings and about the senses. This is due to the word „to feel’ that has meaning of everything related to the senses.

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Further, fifth, the word “membohongi” (to lie) in this matter can be interpreted as denying what has become the deepest heart desire. In other words „to lie’ means an attempt to say something or to behave to someone who is inconsistent with reality. Sixth, the word “menceritakan” (to tell) means to say something to others about what happened. Seventh, the word “membenci” (to hate) has a synonym of dislike. But, in this case is not like totally towards others, both in terms of behavior and speech.

Based on several meanings of these key words, then at least give an idea of its use in Ahok’s speech, so that it can be concluded the contents and purposes of his speech. Overall, the choice of those words are very closely relate to the environment in which the speech was done and also the general public who could understand it well. That is, the choice of words and meanings is very simple and easy to understand so as not to cause multi interpretation among people of the Seribu island, even for the listener generally.

In addition, active verb changes as had already mentioned, were used in his speech through significant changes in accordance with its function and usage. The change that still includes in the verb is the active word “membohongi” (to deceive/ to lie) into a passive word “dibohongi” (be deceived/ be lied). This means that perpetrator of lying is not known certainly. In same opinion with this explanation is contained in the word “dibodohin” (be fooled), but not yet known for certain perpetrators or people who fool. The existence of subject or perpetrator of this which will lead to interpretation, of course, by looking at the whole sentences that will be discussed in the discussion later.

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As for the form of vocabulary that becomes the focus of research is non verbal. But, some of its words are a change from the previously mentioned verbs and partly pure non verbal. Some of the words in question are „elections, stories, rights, conscience and feelings’. Therefore, those words can be explained as follows:

First, the wordelection that shows the meaning of a process, a way, or a deed as a form of doing something in accordance with the will/desire. While the second, the wordstory, in this case is the result of a person's sensing so as to reach the stage of conclusion which is then notified to others in order to achieve the purpose of delivering the experience. This story can also be interpreted as a speech describing chronologically an event.

Third, the word rights. This word is defined as the authority or power that is in a person to do or not do something. Therefore, rights are very different from obligations, because rights are not in the form of necessity to do or leave something, while obligation is a form of inevitability. Fourth, conscience that has meaning the deepest feeling of heart.The meaning of the word conscience in the Ahok's video is the absence of elements that influence people to do something (fair and neutral according to his heart). The last, fifth, is the word feeling, is a result that is achieved by a person to consider and feel something through the five senses, or in the form of a result of one’s inner experience in facing something.

Some nonverbal words in Ahok’s video provide a separate value that can be constructed each other to form a whole new meaning. The meaning process of

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the word construction can be known through the use of grammar, cohesion and text structure. But, grammar is the second thing that needs to be discussed after vocabulary.

4.1.2.2.Grammar

The purpose of textual features from grammar aspect in this case is not limited to a set of rules about the grammar structure which is divided into eight parts, called the part of speech, but rather the purpose of the structure of the language which can be known explicitly or implicitly. Therefore, some studies of semantics, acts of speech and others that relate to grammar aspect.

In this case, there are several sentences related to grammar that make it possible to know the sequence of words and meaning of sentences which he spoke. At least in this grammar if connected with time automatically, divided into three, namely the past, present and future. Therefore, the findings of data analysis in terms of grammar are easier using the timing analysis which will be developed surely based on other findings that support.

First, in terms of the future, there are several sentences that show about Ahok’s view toward possibilities that will occur and its anticipation, as well as the meanings contained in it. Ahok’s speech that shows the future along with its meaning as follows:

1. Sentence, “jadi gak usah pikiran aah nanti kalau gak kepilih pasti Ahok programnya bubar, gak saya sampe oktober 2017” (so dont think it please, next time if I will not be chosen, Ahok’s program surely broken up, no,

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because I will work until 2017). This sentence gave motivation to the listeners, especially for those who presented at that time to be used to carrying out what he had done without being affected by the election of the head of region that would be implemented. This means that the optimism that is given by Ahok had no relationship at all with the political settlement that would occur, even his speech provided assurance and certainty to the local community that what was happening in the form of fish cultivation continued as it should be because the program was an auto pilot-based program that did not rely on a governor only, namely Ahok only. Furthermore, in the speech, Ahok seemed to say that what we (local government ) did, had to be distinguished by the political problems that would occur. It also educated the public to mature in addressing the problems that existed in the environment of the community economy and problems that will come in the form of politics in Jakarta in general.

Besides that, the phrase in Ahok's speech reinforced to the individuals who attended at that time to look ahead and continue to run the program that was implemented in accordance with their beliefs, of course, based on monitoring and direction from the government on the program of cultivation. While the election-related inclusion is more asserted to the public that it is a common fact that happens, if the head of the region changes, then the change also set policies and support programs later. Therefore, the future vision was shown by Ahok to the public was more likely to maturity and strengthening the character of individuals who attended in dealing with the normal event, but did not rule out it could be broken with Ahok's program that could be run by

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