Writing for MONOGRAPH Faculty of Science (FMIPA), Semarang
Writing for MONOGRAPH
Faculty of Science (FMIPA),
Semarang
Professor Fahrul Huyop
UTM
October, 23rd 2017
AN OVERVIEW
Monograph
A specialised subject, highly detailed and thoroughly
documented study.
100 pages or less
• Research paper: is written to record a particular topic
in an academic area of arts/sciences/social sciences. It
is detailed and follow a strict format of referencing,
books/papers/or other reliable sources.
• Journal is a collection of academic research papers,
based on a theme and published by
weekly/monthly/bimonthly/annually/biannually). They
are numbered with volumes and issues.
A BOOK
• detailed materials with many pages (100pages or
more) on a particular subject. They can be a collection
of papers written by one author or several authors.
• PhD theses can be published as an academic book.
PREFACE
• is an introduction to a Monograph,
• A preface is a section that includes explanatory remarks
i.e why the monograph was written and who are the
target.
• the preface often closes with acknowledgements of
those who assisted in the literary work.
Copyright and Trademarks
• Authors are the owner of this Monograph
• i.e. Copyright©2012/All Rights Reserved
• No part of this Monograph may be reproduced, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise
without the permission in writing of the Authors & publisher.
• Copying of content is not permitted except for personal and
internal use
How to start writing a
Monograph?
IDENTIFY, RESEARCH AND COLLECT IDEA
Pre-liminary step for before writing:
•go through a complete process of your Journal
subject.
•read published work in the same feld.
•googgling on the topic of your research work.
•attend conferences/workshops/symposiums on
the same felds .
•Understand the scientifc terms and jargon
related to your research work.
WRITE DOWN YOUR STUDIES AND FINDINGS
•Now it is the time to articulate the research work with ideas
gathered above.
A. Bits and Pieces together
• Combine all your researched information in form of a journal or
research paper.
• You can take the reference of already accomplished work as a
starting building block.
• Now you feel confident about the work and takes a jump to start
the writing.
B. Use of Simulation software
• get the simulated results figures & tables (the easiest process of
paper writing).
• Many software available.
i.e Bioinformatics software like
Autodock/modeler (if you do modelling).
• By adopting the above practices all major constructs of a
research paper can be written and put together to form a
complete research document.
Appendices
• An option
Glossary
• A list of terms in a special subject or
feld with proper defnitions.
• Incorporated at the back of a
monograph, explaining or defning
difcult/unusual words.
A
- Acidophile: organisms are those that thrive
under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0
or below).
B
- Bacteria: small organism cannot be seen by
naked eye.
H
- Halogenated compound: chemicals with
halogen group attached to one of the carbon
shain
Index
• an alphabetical list of names/subjects, etc., with references to
the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a
monograph
• Scientifc Research 3, 13
• Atom 4, 47, 123
• Newton4
• Photon 5, 43
• Dark Particle5
Steps to Develop a Monograph
Step 1: Select a topic.
Step 2: Secure approval (modifcation, if necessary) of
the topic.
Step 3: Select members of the Monograph Support Group
(Omit).
Step 4: Develop the Monograph Proposal.
Step 5: Secure approval (modifcation, if necessary) of
the proposal.
Step 6: Conduct research/collect information.
Step 7: Write/edit the monograph.
Step 8: Submit the monograph.
Step 1: Select a Topic
•Candidates will choose the topics for their monograph.
•Academic Committee will evaluate a topic by considering:
Feasibility;
Originality;
Usefulness; and
Interest and relevance.
In considering their topics, candidates should:
•Evaluate several possible topics of special interest .
•Examine each potential topic for its feasibility, including the
resources available to support their specifc research efort.
Tips choosing topics
• Consider the general interest of the target area
• Pick a manageable topic. i.e your own research area.
• Do not choose a topic that is either overly broad (which will
make it impossible to adequately address) or too narrow (so
that no one else will care about the results).
• Too broad: for example, “Plants with Traditional-Medicinal
Properties in Indonesia”. There are (probably) hundreds of it.
• Too narrow: only focus on “Anti-Infammatory agent in Zingiber
officinafile”.
• Instead: Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Infammatory Efects of
Ginger in Health and Physical Activity.
Topics To Avoid
• Do not choose a topic about which your conclusions will
be irrelevant — and no one will care!
• Do not choose a topic if the literature already provides
ALL information necessary to understand the topic.
Suggestions for Obtaining Ideas
• Consider problems that are often difcult to solve in
which you have provided a unique solution.
• Think about issues that other scientists cite as
problems.
• Keep an idea in a notebook.
• Read existing monographs.
• Do signifcant research on the topic that you are
considering-your very own feld of interest,
Step Two:
• Secure approval of a topic by the Academic committee
(normally in the faculty) before sending to the reputable
publisher i.e. UNNES Press or University Publisher.
Step Three:
• Select Members of the Monograph Support Group
• Depending on the institution.
Step Four:
• Develop the Monograph Proposal
• After approval (modification, if necessary) of the
monograph topic, prepare a proposal including an
outline/a draft.
• Sample monograph proposal in next slide :
Question/issues to address in each section to explain
what each section should accomplish.
Questions/issues to address
• Is the problem clear? Is the investigation able to be answered?
• Have you positioned your problem within the context of
previous studies?
• Is your proposed method of investigation suitable for fnding
an answer to your problem?
• Is the topic within your range of competence?
• Is the way you will address your problem logical?
• The outline discussed above, should contain a brief literature
review (what have others reported on the topic?) and
some description of the research method(s) to be used.
Step Five:
• Secure Approval (from the Faculty Academic
Committee) of the proposed monograph after
corrections are made.
• Before you continue developing your monograph, you
should once again carefully consider your proposal and
make changes as necessary, since the proposal should
drive the development and writing of your monograph.
Step Six: Conduct Research/Collect Information
• seeking ideas/material developed by others and putting
these together in new ways or discovering something
new that has never been known.
• research method requires you to interpret in a way that
will enable conclusions to be drawn.
• Organized and analyzed data critically
• Draw appropriate conclusions that have reached.
In the process you will likely discover three
types of evidence
• Facts – Pieces of information that can be objectively
observed and measured.
• Inferences – Statements about the unknown made on the
basis of what is known.
• Judgments – Expressions of someone’s approval or
disapproval of something being described, generally
(hopefully!) based on some evidence.
Perhaps the most difcult determination that you will need to
make is to decide which of the three types of evidence to be
incorporated.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Common organizational format are as follows:
Acknowledgements
• This section should include those individuals that assisted you with
your monograph.
Executive Summary
• This abstract of your monograph briefy (less than one page)
summarizes your project goal(s), methodology and major fndings
(recommendations). If it is well written and relevant to the reader’s
needs, the Executive Summary will encourage the reader to read the
monograph itself.
Statement of the Problem
• It describes your topic, why is it done?
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Literature Review
• Must present the relationship between your current study
and previous work done on the topic. It should provide a
logical fow of information from that known previously to the
beginning of your own research.
• At the of this section, the reader should be thinking, “Of
course, the need for this monograph is clear, and it is
important ”
• You will know you have done enough study for the literature
review when you read/refer the articles/books redundantly.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Internet literature review by conducting electronic
searches:
• Using the World Wide Web;
• Using other Internet resources;
• Using library catalogs; and
• Using databases and electronic indexes.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Statement methods
• In this section you should describe the steps you used
to conduct your research
• The Subjects – you are studying
• The Instruments or Measures – How and what you
used ?
• The Procedures – How you conduct your study.
• Also, to explain what you did not try to do or you may
present a section called “Limitations of the Study.”
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Results/Discussion/Implications
• Must clearly presents your fndings.
• You may include tables/fgures as supporting evidence.
• In your Discussion/Implications section, you should
review your fndings with respect to previous studies. You
should also suggest implications of the research,
limitations. #
• This is the area where you make recommendations about
how others can make use of the monograph information.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
References
• Should include citations to which you refer throughout
the monograph.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Appendices
• This section should include supportive information that
is detailed and helpful to understanding the project, but
that might interrupt the fow of information if it were
included in the body of the monograph.
Step Eight: Submission
• If the monograph is ready, submit it by December 1st.
Examples:
Title: Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic
Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples
Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008) 99 pages only
•CONTENTS
•Abstract
•Abstrak
•Contents
•Tables
•Figures
•Symbols/ Abbreviations/ Notational/
Terminology
•Appendices
•CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
•Background
•Problem Statements and the Needs of Study
•Objectives and Scope of Study
•CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY
•Arson Crime Scene Investigation
•Arson Samples and Burn Patterns
•Analysis of Fire–Scene Samples
•Court Presentation and Arson Evidence
•Nature of Accelerants
•The Evolution of Accelerant Extraction
Technique
•Solid-phase Microextraction (SPME)
•Principles of SPME
•Extraction Modes with Coated SPME Fibers
•Recovery of Accelerants by Headspace–
SPME (HS–SPME) Technique
•Identifcation of Volatile Accelerants by
SPME–Gas Chromatography Analysis
Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic Detection of
Accelerants in Arson Samples
Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008). 99 pages only
•CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL
•Introduction
•Chemicals and Materials
•Apparatus
•Instrumentation
•Preparation of the Sol–gel
Derived C8–coated Fiber
•Preparation of Standard Stock
Solution
•Procedure for Extractions
using Headspace SPME (HS–
SPME)
•Preparation of Spiked Fire
Debris Sample
•General Procedures for
Characterization of the C8–
coated Fiber
• CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• Introduction
• Characterization of the C8–coated Fiber
• Selectivity for Standard Hydrocarbons
• Extraction Capability for Standard
Hydrocarbons
• Lifetime of the Coating
• Thermal Stability
• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
• Surface Characteristics of the Coating
• Estimation and Reproducibility of the Film
Thickness
• Determination of Extracting Phase Volume
Title: Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic
Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples
Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008). 99 pages
only
• CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS
• Conclusions
• Future Directions
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• REFERENCES
• APPENDICES
• INDEX
Thank You
Faculty of Science (FMIPA),
Semarang
Professor Fahrul Huyop
UTM
October, 23rd 2017
AN OVERVIEW
Monograph
A specialised subject, highly detailed and thoroughly
documented study.
100 pages or less
• Research paper: is written to record a particular topic
in an academic area of arts/sciences/social sciences. It
is detailed and follow a strict format of referencing,
books/papers/or other reliable sources.
• Journal is a collection of academic research papers,
based on a theme and published by
weekly/monthly/bimonthly/annually/biannually). They
are numbered with volumes and issues.
A BOOK
• detailed materials with many pages (100pages or
more) on a particular subject. They can be a collection
of papers written by one author or several authors.
• PhD theses can be published as an academic book.
PREFACE
• is an introduction to a Monograph,
• A preface is a section that includes explanatory remarks
i.e why the monograph was written and who are the
target.
• the preface often closes with acknowledgements of
those who assisted in the literary work.
Copyright and Trademarks
• Authors are the owner of this Monograph
• i.e. Copyright©2012/All Rights Reserved
• No part of this Monograph may be reproduced, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise
without the permission in writing of the Authors & publisher.
• Copying of content is not permitted except for personal and
internal use
How to start writing a
Monograph?
IDENTIFY, RESEARCH AND COLLECT IDEA
Pre-liminary step for before writing:
•go through a complete process of your Journal
subject.
•read published work in the same feld.
•googgling on the topic of your research work.
•attend conferences/workshops/symposiums on
the same felds .
•Understand the scientifc terms and jargon
related to your research work.
WRITE DOWN YOUR STUDIES AND FINDINGS
•Now it is the time to articulate the research work with ideas
gathered above.
A. Bits and Pieces together
• Combine all your researched information in form of a journal or
research paper.
• You can take the reference of already accomplished work as a
starting building block.
• Now you feel confident about the work and takes a jump to start
the writing.
B. Use of Simulation software
• get the simulated results figures & tables (the easiest process of
paper writing).
• Many software available.
i.e Bioinformatics software like
Autodock/modeler (if you do modelling).
• By adopting the above practices all major constructs of a
research paper can be written and put together to form a
complete research document.
Appendices
• An option
Glossary
• A list of terms in a special subject or
feld with proper defnitions.
• Incorporated at the back of a
monograph, explaining or defning
difcult/unusual words.
A
- Acidophile: organisms are those that thrive
under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0
or below).
B
- Bacteria: small organism cannot be seen by
naked eye.
H
- Halogenated compound: chemicals with
halogen group attached to one of the carbon
shain
Index
• an alphabetical list of names/subjects, etc., with references to
the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a
monograph
• Scientifc Research 3, 13
• Atom 4, 47, 123
• Newton4
• Photon 5, 43
• Dark Particle5
Steps to Develop a Monograph
Step 1: Select a topic.
Step 2: Secure approval (modifcation, if necessary) of
the topic.
Step 3: Select members of the Monograph Support Group
(Omit).
Step 4: Develop the Monograph Proposal.
Step 5: Secure approval (modifcation, if necessary) of
the proposal.
Step 6: Conduct research/collect information.
Step 7: Write/edit the monograph.
Step 8: Submit the monograph.
Step 1: Select a Topic
•Candidates will choose the topics for their monograph.
•Academic Committee will evaluate a topic by considering:
Feasibility;
Originality;
Usefulness; and
Interest and relevance.
In considering their topics, candidates should:
•Evaluate several possible topics of special interest .
•Examine each potential topic for its feasibility, including the
resources available to support their specifc research efort.
Tips choosing topics
• Consider the general interest of the target area
• Pick a manageable topic. i.e your own research area.
• Do not choose a topic that is either overly broad (which will
make it impossible to adequately address) or too narrow (so
that no one else will care about the results).
• Too broad: for example, “Plants with Traditional-Medicinal
Properties in Indonesia”. There are (probably) hundreds of it.
• Too narrow: only focus on “Anti-Infammatory agent in Zingiber
officinafile”.
• Instead: Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Infammatory Efects of
Ginger in Health and Physical Activity.
Topics To Avoid
• Do not choose a topic about which your conclusions will
be irrelevant — and no one will care!
• Do not choose a topic if the literature already provides
ALL information necessary to understand the topic.
Suggestions for Obtaining Ideas
• Consider problems that are often difcult to solve in
which you have provided a unique solution.
• Think about issues that other scientists cite as
problems.
• Keep an idea in a notebook.
• Read existing monographs.
• Do signifcant research on the topic that you are
considering-your very own feld of interest,
Step Two:
• Secure approval of a topic by the Academic committee
(normally in the faculty) before sending to the reputable
publisher i.e. UNNES Press or University Publisher.
Step Three:
• Select Members of the Monograph Support Group
• Depending on the institution.
Step Four:
• Develop the Monograph Proposal
• After approval (modification, if necessary) of the
monograph topic, prepare a proposal including an
outline/a draft.
• Sample monograph proposal in next slide :
Question/issues to address in each section to explain
what each section should accomplish.
Questions/issues to address
• Is the problem clear? Is the investigation able to be answered?
• Have you positioned your problem within the context of
previous studies?
• Is your proposed method of investigation suitable for fnding
an answer to your problem?
• Is the topic within your range of competence?
• Is the way you will address your problem logical?
• The outline discussed above, should contain a brief literature
review (what have others reported on the topic?) and
some description of the research method(s) to be used.
Step Five:
• Secure Approval (from the Faculty Academic
Committee) of the proposed monograph after
corrections are made.
• Before you continue developing your monograph, you
should once again carefully consider your proposal and
make changes as necessary, since the proposal should
drive the development and writing of your monograph.
Step Six: Conduct Research/Collect Information
• seeking ideas/material developed by others and putting
these together in new ways or discovering something
new that has never been known.
• research method requires you to interpret in a way that
will enable conclusions to be drawn.
• Organized and analyzed data critically
• Draw appropriate conclusions that have reached.
In the process you will likely discover three
types of evidence
• Facts – Pieces of information that can be objectively
observed and measured.
• Inferences – Statements about the unknown made on the
basis of what is known.
• Judgments – Expressions of someone’s approval or
disapproval of something being described, generally
(hopefully!) based on some evidence.
Perhaps the most difcult determination that you will need to
make is to decide which of the three types of evidence to be
incorporated.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Common organizational format are as follows:
Acknowledgements
• This section should include those individuals that assisted you with
your monograph.
Executive Summary
• This abstract of your monograph briefy (less than one page)
summarizes your project goal(s), methodology and major fndings
(recommendations). If it is well written and relevant to the reader’s
needs, the Executive Summary will encourage the reader to read the
monograph itself.
Statement of the Problem
• It describes your topic, why is it done?
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Literature Review
• Must present the relationship between your current study
and previous work done on the topic. It should provide a
logical fow of information from that known previously to the
beginning of your own research.
• At the of this section, the reader should be thinking, “Of
course, the need for this monograph is clear, and it is
important ”
• You will know you have done enough study for the literature
review when you read/refer the articles/books redundantly.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Internet literature review by conducting electronic
searches:
• Using the World Wide Web;
• Using other Internet resources;
• Using library catalogs; and
• Using databases and electronic indexes.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Statement methods
• In this section you should describe the steps you used
to conduct your research
• The Subjects – you are studying
• The Instruments or Measures – How and what you
used ?
• The Procedures – How you conduct your study.
• Also, to explain what you did not try to do or you may
present a section called “Limitations of the Study.”
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Results/Discussion/Implications
• Must clearly presents your fndings.
• You may include tables/fgures as supporting evidence.
• In your Discussion/Implications section, you should
review your fndings with respect to previous studies. You
should also suggest implications of the research,
limitations. #
• This is the area where you make recommendations about
how others can make use of the monograph information.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
References
• Should include citations to which you refer throughout
the monograph.
Step Seven: Write/Edit the
Monograph
Appendices
• This section should include supportive information that
is detailed and helpful to understanding the project, but
that might interrupt the fow of information if it were
included in the body of the monograph.
Step Eight: Submission
• If the monograph is ready, submit it by December 1st.
Examples:
Title: Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic
Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples
Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008) 99 pages only
•CONTENTS
•Abstract
•Abstrak
•Contents
•Tables
•Figures
•Symbols/ Abbreviations/ Notational/
Terminology
•Appendices
•CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
•Background
•Problem Statements and the Needs of Study
•Objectives and Scope of Study
•CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY
•Arson Crime Scene Investigation
•Arson Samples and Burn Patterns
•Analysis of Fire–Scene Samples
•Court Presentation and Arson Evidence
•Nature of Accelerants
•The Evolution of Accelerant Extraction
Technique
•Solid-phase Microextraction (SPME)
•Principles of SPME
•Extraction Modes with Coated SPME Fibers
•Recovery of Accelerants by Headspace–
SPME (HS–SPME) Technique
•Identifcation of Volatile Accelerants by
SPME–Gas Chromatography Analysis
Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic Detection of
Accelerants in Arson Samples
Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008). 99 pages only
•CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL
•Introduction
•Chemicals and Materials
•Apparatus
•Instrumentation
•Preparation of the Sol–gel
Derived C8–coated Fiber
•Preparation of Standard Stock
Solution
•Procedure for Extractions
using Headspace SPME (HS–
SPME)
•Preparation of Spiked Fire
Debris Sample
•General Procedures for
Characterization of the C8–
coated Fiber
• CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• Introduction
• Characterization of the C8–coated Fiber
• Selectivity for Standard Hydrocarbons
• Extraction Capability for Standard
Hydrocarbons
• Lifetime of the Coating
• Thermal Stability
• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
• Surface Characteristics of the Coating
• Estimation and Reproducibility of the Film
Thickness
• Determination of Extracting Phase Volume
Title: Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic
Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples
Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008). 99 pages
only
• CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS
• Conclusions
• Future Directions
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• REFERENCES
• APPENDICES
• INDEX
Thank You