EXAMINING THE JOB CHARACTERISTICS: THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP Examining The Job Characteristics: The Influence Of Employees Motivation And Leadership To Job Satisfaction.
EXAMINING THE JOB CHARACTERISTICS:
THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
TO JOB SATISFACTION
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Master of Management Graduate Program
Magister of Management
ABDALADEAM AHMED S.
P 100 130 027
MASTER OF MAGISTER MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2014
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
MOTTO
"If you have already determined, then put thy trust in Allah .."
--Ali Imran--
Only underestimate the stupidity of education
--P.Syrus--
If you do good to others, then you have to be kind to yourself
--Benjamin Franklin--
Who loses with a smile, he was the winner
--A. Hubbard--
Life on earth is real; life in heaven is a real dream
--writer--
vii
DEDICATION
Each of the ideas contained in this paper sheets are part of Allah Subhanahu
wa Ta'ala guidance to the author and to the lord of the Prophet Mohammad
Shallallaahu Alaihiwasalla . The writer dedicate this paper to:
1. Beloved father and mother as well as my extended family, thank you for your
compassion and sacrifice.
2. Friends who have always encourage me, so the writer can complete the study
so far.
3. People who will read this paper.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
الَّا ع يْك ْ ورحْمة اه وبركاته
Alhamdulillahirrabilalamin, Praise is to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, the Lord
of Universe, for blessing and guiding the research paper as a partial fulfillment of
the requirement for getting Master of Management Graduate Program Magister of
Management, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
The researcher is fully aware that people s help a d guida ce. Therefore, i
this opportunity, she would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
1.
Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M. Hum, as the Director of the Graduate
Program of University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2.
Drs. M. Farid Wajdi, MM, Ph.D., as a supervisor II had of Magister
Managemen and also as a lecturer Graduate University of Muhammadiyah
Surakarta who has provided guidance and input with full sincerity to spend
time in charting the preparation of this thesis.
3.
Dr. Anton Agus Setyawan, M.Si as a supervisor I and also as a lecturer
Graduate University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta who has provided
guidance and input with full sincerity to spend time in charting the
preparation of this thesis.
ix
4.
To all leaders and employees of the Graduate library and the central library
of University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta who helped provide the
opportunity and preparation of the references in this thesis.
5.
A big thank you I do not forget to give to my beloved parents who have
provided support, prayers, and give motivation to complete this study.
6.
For my friends who give me support and encouragement to complete this
thesis, thank you very much.
7.
Of course in introductory sheet is not enough this time I mention one by
one, but for services and help all those I say thank you.
The writer realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect
because of her limited capability. Thus, revision, suggestion, and criticism are
welcomed for the perfection of this work. The writer wishes this research paper
would be useful and helpful to readers.
وع يْك ْ الَّا ورحْمة اه وبركاته
Surakarta, 20th August 2014
Writer,
Abdaladeam Ahmed S.
P 100 130 027
x
ABSTRACT
EXAMINING THE JOB CHARACTERISTICS: THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEES
MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP TO JOB SATISFACTION
The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of employee
motivation and leadership on job satisfaction of employees at PT. Electricity
Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo).
Research is research with quantitative approach, by taking samples at PT.
Electricity Company of Limited Government - UPJ Surakarta (Solo), it is located in
Brigadir Jenderal Slamet Riyadi Street, No. 468 of Surakarta, Central Java,
Indonesia. In this research, the writer gives the questionnaire to 60 people from
326 of population in PT. Electricity Company of Government Persero - UPJ
Surakarta (Solo). The technique of collecting data using questionnaires. The data
analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis.
The results obtained showed that there is the influence of employee
motivation on job satisfaction in PT. Electricity Company of Government Persero
(PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo); there is the influence of leadership on job
satisfaction in PT. Electricity Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ
Surakarta (Solo); and there is the influence of employee motivation and
leadership on job satisfaction in PT. Electricity Company of Government Persero
(PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo).
Keywords: Employee Motivation, Leadership and Job Satisfaction
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ........................................................................................................... i
APRROVAL .................................................................................................. ii
NOTE OF SUPERVISOR ................................................................................. iii
ENDORSEMENT ........................................................................................... v
THESIS STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY ........................................................ vi
MOTTO ....................................................................................................... vii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... xii
TABLE OF APPENDIXES ...................................................................................... xvii
TABLE ............................................................................................................... xviii
TABLE OF FIGURE ............................................................................................... xix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ....................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement ................................................................ 4
C. Limitation of Problems ........................................................... 5
D. Benefits and Objective of the Study ...................................... 5
1. Objective of the Research ................................................. 5
2. Benefit of the Research ..................................................... 5
xii
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Dependent Variable: Job Satisfaction .................................... 7
1. Theory of Job Satisfaction ................................................. 7
2. Measures of Job Satisfaction ............................................ 8
3. Dimensions of Job Satisfaction ......................................... 10
B. Independent Variable: Employees Motivation ...................... 11
1. Theory of Motivation Employee ....................................... 12
2. Measures of Employees Motivation ................................. 16
3. Strategies of Motivating Workers ..................................... 17
C. Independent Variable: Leadership ........................................ 20
1. Theory of Leadership ........................................................ 21
2. Measures of Leadership .................................................... 21
3. Dimensions of Leadership ................................................. 22
D. Previous Research .................................................................. 22
E. Conceptual Framework .......................................................... 24
F. Hypothesis ............................................................................. 25
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type and Design of Research ................................................. 26
1. Type of Research ............................................................... 26
2. Design of Research ............................................................ 26
B. Location and Object Research ............................................... 26
C. Research Variables.................................................................. 27
xiii
1. The Dependent Variable ................................................... 27
2. The Independent Variable ................................................. 27
D. Population and Sample .......................................................... 27
1. Population ......................................................................... 27
2. Sample ............................................................................... 27
E. Research Data and Data Collection Technique ...................... 28
1. Research Data ................................................................... 28
2. Technical Analysis Data ..................................................... 28
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Description of Variable Data .................................................. 35
1. Motivation Employees ...................................................... 35
2. Leadership ......................................................................... 36
3. Job Satisfaction ................................................................. 37
B. Test of Instrument Data ......................................................... 38
1. Validity Test of Employee Motivation Questionnaire ....... 39
2. Validity Test of Leadership Questionnaire ........................ 40
3. Validity Test of Questionnaire Job Satisfaction ................ 42
4. Test Reliability ................................................................... 42
C. Classical Test Assumptions .................................................... 43
1. Normality Test ................................................................... 43
2. Partial Correlation Test ..................................................... 44
3. Heteroskedasticity Test ..................................................... 45
xiv
D. Data Analysis Techniques ...................................................... 46
1. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis .................................. 46
2. Regression coefficients in a simultaneous test (F test) .... 47
3. Testing Individual Regression Coefficients (t-test)
Variable Employee Motivation on Job Satisfaction .......... 49
4. Testing individual regression coefficients (t-test)
Leadership Variables on Job Satisfaction .......................... 51
5. Coefficient of Determination ............................................ 53
6. Relative Contribution and Contribution Effective, X to
Y ......................................................................................... 53
E. Discussion Analysis Data ........................................................ 54
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Conclusion .............................................................................. 58
B. Implication ............................................................................. 58
1. Theoretical Implications .................................................... 58
2. Implications Practical ........................................................ 59
C. Suggestions ............................................................................ 59
1. For Leaders ........................................................................ 59
2. For Employees ................................................................... 59
xv
3. For Further Academics or Researchers ............................. 60
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
xvi
TABLE OF APPENDIXES
Appendix 1 Research Questionnaire .................................................................. 64
Appendix 2 Score of Result Instrument Test ...................................................... 71
Appendix 3 Validity Test of Employee Motivation Questionnaire ..................... 74
Appendix 4 Reliability Test of Employee Motivation Questionnaire ................. 75
Appendix 5 Validity Test of Leadership Questionnaire ...................................... 76
Appendix 6 Reliability Test of Leadership Questionnaire .................................. 78
Appendix 7 Validity Test of Job Satisfaction Questionnaire .............................. 79
Appendix 8 Reliability Test of Job Satisfaction Questionnaire ........................... 80
Appendix 9 Research Data ................................................................................. 81
Appendix 10 Description of Data ....................................................................... 87
Appendix 11 Normality Test ............................................................................... 93
Appendix 12 Partial Correlation Test ................................................................. 94
Appendix 13 Heteroscedasticity Test ................................................................. 95
Appendix 14 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (X1 and X2 with Y) ................ 96
Appendix 15 Relative and Effective Contributions ............................................ 97
Appendix 16 Table r Product Moment ............................................................... 101
Appendix 17 Table Durbin Watson .................................................................... 102
Appendix 18 Table t ........................................................................................... 103
Appendix 19 Table F ........................................................................................... 104
xvii
TABLE
Table 4.1 Summary of Test Validity Employee Motivation Questionnaire ........ 40
Table 4.2 Summary of Test Validity Leadership Questionnaire ......................... 41
Table 4.3 Summary of Test Validity Questionnaire Job Satisfaction ................. 42
Table 4.4 Normality Test Results Summary ....................................................... 44
Table 4.5 Relationship Test Results Partial Summary ........................................ 45
Table 4.6 Test Summary Heteroskedasticity ...................................................... 46
Table 4.7 Summary of Multiple Linear Regression Test ..................................... 47
xviii
TABLE OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Diagram Conceptual Framework ...................................................... 25
Figure 4.1 Frequency Distribution Chart Employee Motivation PT. Electricity
Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo) ....... 36
Figure 4.2 Frequency Distribution Chart Leadership in PT. Electricity
Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo) ... 37
Figure 4.3 Frequency Distribution Chart Job satisfaction in PT. Electricity
Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo) ..... 38
Figure 4.4 The F statistic graphs employee motivation and leadership
variables influence on job satisfaction ............................................ 49
Figure 4.5 t test statistic charts the influence of employee motivation on
job satisfaction ................................................................................ 51
Figure 4.6 t test statistical graphics leadership influence on job satisfaction ... 53
xix
THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
TO JOB SATISFACTION
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Master of Management Graduate Program
Magister of Management
ABDALADEAM AHMED S.
P 100 130 027
MASTER OF MAGISTER MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2014
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
MOTTO
"If you have already determined, then put thy trust in Allah .."
--Ali Imran--
Only underestimate the stupidity of education
--P.Syrus--
If you do good to others, then you have to be kind to yourself
--Benjamin Franklin--
Who loses with a smile, he was the winner
--A. Hubbard--
Life on earth is real; life in heaven is a real dream
--writer--
vii
DEDICATION
Each of the ideas contained in this paper sheets are part of Allah Subhanahu
wa Ta'ala guidance to the author and to the lord of the Prophet Mohammad
Shallallaahu Alaihiwasalla . The writer dedicate this paper to:
1. Beloved father and mother as well as my extended family, thank you for your
compassion and sacrifice.
2. Friends who have always encourage me, so the writer can complete the study
so far.
3. People who will read this paper.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
الَّا ع يْك ْ ورحْمة اه وبركاته
Alhamdulillahirrabilalamin, Praise is to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, the Lord
of Universe, for blessing and guiding the research paper as a partial fulfillment of
the requirement for getting Master of Management Graduate Program Magister of
Management, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
The researcher is fully aware that people s help a d guida ce. Therefore, i
this opportunity, she would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
1.
Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M. Hum, as the Director of the Graduate
Program of University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2.
Drs. M. Farid Wajdi, MM, Ph.D., as a supervisor II had of Magister
Managemen and also as a lecturer Graduate University of Muhammadiyah
Surakarta who has provided guidance and input with full sincerity to spend
time in charting the preparation of this thesis.
3.
Dr. Anton Agus Setyawan, M.Si as a supervisor I and also as a lecturer
Graduate University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta who has provided
guidance and input with full sincerity to spend time in charting the
preparation of this thesis.
ix
4.
To all leaders and employees of the Graduate library and the central library
of University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta who helped provide the
opportunity and preparation of the references in this thesis.
5.
A big thank you I do not forget to give to my beloved parents who have
provided support, prayers, and give motivation to complete this study.
6.
For my friends who give me support and encouragement to complete this
thesis, thank you very much.
7.
Of course in introductory sheet is not enough this time I mention one by
one, but for services and help all those I say thank you.
The writer realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect
because of her limited capability. Thus, revision, suggestion, and criticism are
welcomed for the perfection of this work. The writer wishes this research paper
would be useful and helpful to readers.
وع يْك ْ الَّا ورحْمة اه وبركاته
Surakarta, 20th August 2014
Writer,
Abdaladeam Ahmed S.
P 100 130 027
x
ABSTRACT
EXAMINING THE JOB CHARACTERISTICS: THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEES
MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP TO JOB SATISFACTION
The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of employee
motivation and leadership on job satisfaction of employees at PT. Electricity
Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo).
Research is research with quantitative approach, by taking samples at PT.
Electricity Company of Limited Government - UPJ Surakarta (Solo), it is located in
Brigadir Jenderal Slamet Riyadi Street, No. 468 of Surakarta, Central Java,
Indonesia. In this research, the writer gives the questionnaire to 60 people from
326 of population in PT. Electricity Company of Government Persero - UPJ
Surakarta (Solo). The technique of collecting data using questionnaires. The data
analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis.
The results obtained showed that there is the influence of employee
motivation on job satisfaction in PT. Electricity Company of Government Persero
(PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo); there is the influence of leadership on job
satisfaction in PT. Electricity Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ
Surakarta (Solo); and there is the influence of employee motivation and
leadership on job satisfaction in PT. Electricity Company of Government Persero
(PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo).
Keywords: Employee Motivation, Leadership and Job Satisfaction
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ........................................................................................................... i
APRROVAL .................................................................................................. ii
NOTE OF SUPERVISOR ................................................................................. iii
ENDORSEMENT ........................................................................................... v
THESIS STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY ........................................................ vi
MOTTO ....................................................................................................... vii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... xii
TABLE OF APPENDIXES ...................................................................................... xvii
TABLE ............................................................................................................... xviii
TABLE OF FIGURE ............................................................................................... xix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ....................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement ................................................................ 4
C. Limitation of Problems ........................................................... 5
D. Benefits and Objective of the Study ...................................... 5
1. Objective of the Research ................................................. 5
2. Benefit of the Research ..................................................... 5
xii
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Dependent Variable: Job Satisfaction .................................... 7
1. Theory of Job Satisfaction ................................................. 7
2. Measures of Job Satisfaction ............................................ 8
3. Dimensions of Job Satisfaction ......................................... 10
B. Independent Variable: Employees Motivation ...................... 11
1. Theory of Motivation Employee ....................................... 12
2. Measures of Employees Motivation ................................. 16
3. Strategies of Motivating Workers ..................................... 17
C. Independent Variable: Leadership ........................................ 20
1. Theory of Leadership ........................................................ 21
2. Measures of Leadership .................................................... 21
3. Dimensions of Leadership ................................................. 22
D. Previous Research .................................................................. 22
E. Conceptual Framework .......................................................... 24
F. Hypothesis ............................................................................. 25
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type and Design of Research ................................................. 26
1. Type of Research ............................................................... 26
2. Design of Research ............................................................ 26
B. Location and Object Research ............................................... 26
C. Research Variables.................................................................. 27
xiii
1. The Dependent Variable ................................................... 27
2. The Independent Variable ................................................. 27
D. Population and Sample .......................................................... 27
1. Population ......................................................................... 27
2. Sample ............................................................................... 27
E. Research Data and Data Collection Technique ...................... 28
1. Research Data ................................................................... 28
2. Technical Analysis Data ..................................................... 28
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Description of Variable Data .................................................. 35
1. Motivation Employees ...................................................... 35
2. Leadership ......................................................................... 36
3. Job Satisfaction ................................................................. 37
B. Test of Instrument Data ......................................................... 38
1. Validity Test of Employee Motivation Questionnaire ....... 39
2. Validity Test of Leadership Questionnaire ........................ 40
3. Validity Test of Questionnaire Job Satisfaction ................ 42
4. Test Reliability ................................................................... 42
C. Classical Test Assumptions .................................................... 43
1. Normality Test ................................................................... 43
2. Partial Correlation Test ..................................................... 44
3. Heteroskedasticity Test ..................................................... 45
xiv
D. Data Analysis Techniques ...................................................... 46
1. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis .................................. 46
2. Regression coefficients in a simultaneous test (F test) .... 47
3. Testing Individual Regression Coefficients (t-test)
Variable Employee Motivation on Job Satisfaction .......... 49
4. Testing individual regression coefficients (t-test)
Leadership Variables on Job Satisfaction .......................... 51
5. Coefficient of Determination ............................................ 53
6. Relative Contribution and Contribution Effective, X to
Y ......................................................................................... 53
E. Discussion Analysis Data ........................................................ 54
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Conclusion .............................................................................. 58
B. Implication ............................................................................. 58
1. Theoretical Implications .................................................... 58
2. Implications Practical ........................................................ 59
C. Suggestions ............................................................................ 59
1. For Leaders ........................................................................ 59
2. For Employees ................................................................... 59
xv
3. For Further Academics or Researchers ............................. 60
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
xvi
TABLE OF APPENDIXES
Appendix 1 Research Questionnaire .................................................................. 64
Appendix 2 Score of Result Instrument Test ...................................................... 71
Appendix 3 Validity Test of Employee Motivation Questionnaire ..................... 74
Appendix 4 Reliability Test of Employee Motivation Questionnaire ................. 75
Appendix 5 Validity Test of Leadership Questionnaire ...................................... 76
Appendix 6 Reliability Test of Leadership Questionnaire .................................. 78
Appendix 7 Validity Test of Job Satisfaction Questionnaire .............................. 79
Appendix 8 Reliability Test of Job Satisfaction Questionnaire ........................... 80
Appendix 9 Research Data ................................................................................. 81
Appendix 10 Description of Data ....................................................................... 87
Appendix 11 Normality Test ............................................................................... 93
Appendix 12 Partial Correlation Test ................................................................. 94
Appendix 13 Heteroscedasticity Test ................................................................. 95
Appendix 14 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (X1 and X2 with Y) ................ 96
Appendix 15 Relative and Effective Contributions ............................................ 97
Appendix 16 Table r Product Moment ............................................................... 101
Appendix 17 Table Durbin Watson .................................................................... 102
Appendix 18 Table t ........................................................................................... 103
Appendix 19 Table F ........................................................................................... 104
xvii
TABLE
Table 4.1 Summary of Test Validity Employee Motivation Questionnaire ........ 40
Table 4.2 Summary of Test Validity Leadership Questionnaire ......................... 41
Table 4.3 Summary of Test Validity Questionnaire Job Satisfaction ................. 42
Table 4.4 Normality Test Results Summary ....................................................... 44
Table 4.5 Relationship Test Results Partial Summary ........................................ 45
Table 4.6 Test Summary Heteroskedasticity ...................................................... 46
Table 4.7 Summary of Multiple Linear Regression Test ..................................... 47
xviii
TABLE OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Diagram Conceptual Framework ...................................................... 25
Figure 4.1 Frequency Distribution Chart Employee Motivation PT. Electricity
Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo) ....... 36
Figure 4.2 Frequency Distribution Chart Leadership in PT. Electricity
Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo) ... 37
Figure 4.3 Frequency Distribution Chart Job satisfaction in PT. Electricity
Company of Government Persero (PLN) - UPJ Surakarta (Solo) ..... 38
Figure 4.4 The F statistic graphs employee motivation and leadership
variables influence on job satisfaction ............................................ 49
Figure 4.5 t test statistic charts the influence of employee motivation on
job satisfaction ................................................................................ 51
Figure 4.6 t test statistical graphics leadership influence on job satisfaction ... 53
xix