Pengaruh Bioremediator dan Bahan Organik terhadap Akumulasi Cd dan Pb Tanaman Rami (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaudich) yang Ditanam pada Tanah Dikontaminasi Cd dan Pb. Dimbimbing oleh: Reginawanti Hindersah.
ABSTRAK
Tiara Restu Amanda. 2013. Pengaruh Bioremediator dan Bahan Organik
terhadap Akumulasi Cd dan Pb Tanaman Rami (Boehmeria nivea L.
Gaudich) yang Ditanam pada Tanah Dikontaminasi Cd dan Pb. Dimbimbing
oleh: Reginawanti Hindersah, Diyan Herdiyantoro, dan Sigit Yuli Jatmiko
(alm).
Kadmium (Cd) dan Timbal (Pb) merupakan logam yang sangat berbahaya
karena bersifat toksik dan bioakumulatif di lingkungan. Remediasi logam berat
disertai ekstraksi oleh tanaman akumulator dapat meningkatkan akumulasi logam
berat di tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh
bioremediator dan bahan organik terhadap akumulasi Cd dan Pb tanaman rami
(Boehmeria nivea L. Gaudich) yang ditanam pada tanah dikontaminasi Cd dan Pb.
Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-September 2012 di Laboratorium
Biologi dan Bioteknologi Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran,
Jatinangor, dengan ketinggian tempat ± 752 meter di atas permukaan laut serta
Rumah Kaca dan Laboratorium Terpadu Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian,
Jakenan, Pati, Jawa Tengah dengan ketinggian tempat 10 – 25 meter di atas
permukaan laut serta Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak
Kelompok dengan pola faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu faktor
dosis bioremediator (tanpa bioremediator, 5 g pot-1, dan 10 g pot-1) dan faktor
bahan organik (tanpa bahan organik, 50 g pot-1, 100 g pot-1, dan 150 g pot-1), yang
diulang 4 kali. Bioremediator yang digunakan merupakan bioremediator bentuk
padat dengan sludge sebagai carrier, yang mengandung 15% inokulan bakteri
Azotobacter chroococcum dengan kepadatan 4,6x107 CFU g-1 serta inokulan fungi
mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) campuran (Glomus manihotis, Gigaspora, dan
Acaulospora) 10 g pot-1 dengan kepadatan 14,35 spora g-1. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara bioremediator dan
bahan organik terhadap peningkatan tinggi tanaman, biomassa tanaman,
akumulasi Cd dan Pb di dalam tanaman, dan penurunan Cd dan Pb total di dalam
tanah. Pemberian bioremediator berpengaruh nyata terhadap serapan Pb di dalam
akar tanaman dan pemberian bahan organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai
transfer factor. Pemberian bioremediator 5 g pot-1 dan 10 g pot-1 mampu
meningkatkan serapan Pb di dalam akar tanaman, masing-masing hingga
0,05 mg kg-1 dan 0,06 mg kg-1, dibandingkan tanpa bioremediator (0,02 mg kg-1).
Pemberian bahan organik 50 g pot-1 dan 100 g pot-1 menunjukkan nilai transfer
factor Cd sebesar 2,44 dan 1,70, dibandingkan tanpa bahan organik (2,32).
Pemberian bahan organik 150 g pot-1 menurunkan nilai transfer factor Cd (1,35).
Kata Kunci : Bioremediator, Bahan Organik, Kadmium, Timbal, Rami.
i
ABSTRACT
Tiara Restu Amanda. 2013. The Effects of Bioremediator and Organic
Matter on Cadmium and Lead Accumulation in Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.
Gaudich) grown on Cadmium and Lead Contamined Soil. Supervised by
Reginawanti Hindersah, Diyan Herdiyantoro, dan Sigit Yuli Jatmiko (alm).
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are very dangerous heavy metals because
they are toxic and bioaccumulative in the environment. Remediation of heavy
metals extraction accompanied by accumulator plants can increasing the
accumulation of heavy metals in plants. The objective of this research was to
determine the effects of bioremediator and organic matter to cadmium and lead
accumulation in rami grown on cadmium and lead contamined soil. This research
was conducted on Juni to September at Laboratorium of Soil Biology and
Biotechnology of Agricultural Faculty, University of Padjadjaran elevated at
±752 m above sea level and Green House of Agriculture Environment Research
Center in Jakenan, Jaken, Pati, Central Java, elevated at 10 – 25 m above sea
level. Two treatments, i.e. Bioremediator (no bioremediator, 5 g pot-1, and
10 g pot-1 respectively) and organic matter (no organic matter, 50 g pot-1,
100 g pot-1, and 150 g pot-1 respectively) were applied and used Randomized
Block Design factorial with four replications. Bioremediator used was solid
sludge as carrier, which contained 15% bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum
inoculant by the density of 4,6x107 CFU g-1 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
mixture (Glomus manihotis, Gigaspora, and Acaulospora) 10 g pot-1 by the
density of 14,35 spores g-1. The results showed that there were no significantly
interaction effects between bioremediator and organic matter on increased plant
height, plant biomass, Cd and Pb accumulation in the plant, and the concentration
of soil Cd and Pb. Bioremediator gave significant effect on Pb uptake in the root
and organic matter gave significant effect on value of transfer factor.
Bioremediator 5 g pot-1 and 10 g pot-1 able to increased Pb uptake in the root, of
0,05 mg kg-1 and 0,06 mg kg-1, compared without bioremediator (0,02 mg kg-1)
respectively. The organic matter 50 g pot-1 and 100 g pot-1 was show the value of
transfer factor Cd 2,44 and 1,70, compared without organic matter (2,32)
respectively. The organic matter 150 g pot-1 decreased value of transfer factor Cd
(1,35) respectively.
Keywords : Bioremediator, Organic matter, Cadmium, Lead, Ramie.
ii
Tiara Restu Amanda. 2013. Pengaruh Bioremediator dan Bahan Organik
terhadap Akumulasi Cd dan Pb Tanaman Rami (Boehmeria nivea L.
Gaudich) yang Ditanam pada Tanah Dikontaminasi Cd dan Pb. Dimbimbing
oleh: Reginawanti Hindersah, Diyan Herdiyantoro, dan Sigit Yuli Jatmiko
(alm).
Kadmium (Cd) dan Timbal (Pb) merupakan logam yang sangat berbahaya
karena bersifat toksik dan bioakumulatif di lingkungan. Remediasi logam berat
disertai ekstraksi oleh tanaman akumulator dapat meningkatkan akumulasi logam
berat di tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh
bioremediator dan bahan organik terhadap akumulasi Cd dan Pb tanaman rami
(Boehmeria nivea L. Gaudich) yang ditanam pada tanah dikontaminasi Cd dan Pb.
Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-September 2012 di Laboratorium
Biologi dan Bioteknologi Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran,
Jatinangor, dengan ketinggian tempat ± 752 meter di atas permukaan laut serta
Rumah Kaca dan Laboratorium Terpadu Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian,
Jakenan, Pati, Jawa Tengah dengan ketinggian tempat 10 – 25 meter di atas
permukaan laut serta Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak
Kelompok dengan pola faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu faktor
dosis bioremediator (tanpa bioremediator, 5 g pot-1, dan 10 g pot-1) dan faktor
bahan organik (tanpa bahan organik, 50 g pot-1, 100 g pot-1, dan 150 g pot-1), yang
diulang 4 kali. Bioremediator yang digunakan merupakan bioremediator bentuk
padat dengan sludge sebagai carrier, yang mengandung 15% inokulan bakteri
Azotobacter chroococcum dengan kepadatan 4,6x107 CFU g-1 serta inokulan fungi
mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) campuran (Glomus manihotis, Gigaspora, dan
Acaulospora) 10 g pot-1 dengan kepadatan 14,35 spora g-1. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara bioremediator dan
bahan organik terhadap peningkatan tinggi tanaman, biomassa tanaman,
akumulasi Cd dan Pb di dalam tanaman, dan penurunan Cd dan Pb total di dalam
tanah. Pemberian bioremediator berpengaruh nyata terhadap serapan Pb di dalam
akar tanaman dan pemberian bahan organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai
transfer factor. Pemberian bioremediator 5 g pot-1 dan 10 g pot-1 mampu
meningkatkan serapan Pb di dalam akar tanaman, masing-masing hingga
0,05 mg kg-1 dan 0,06 mg kg-1, dibandingkan tanpa bioremediator (0,02 mg kg-1).
Pemberian bahan organik 50 g pot-1 dan 100 g pot-1 menunjukkan nilai transfer
factor Cd sebesar 2,44 dan 1,70, dibandingkan tanpa bahan organik (2,32).
Pemberian bahan organik 150 g pot-1 menurunkan nilai transfer factor Cd (1,35).
Kata Kunci : Bioremediator, Bahan Organik, Kadmium, Timbal, Rami.
i
ABSTRACT
Tiara Restu Amanda. 2013. The Effects of Bioremediator and Organic
Matter on Cadmium and Lead Accumulation in Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.
Gaudich) grown on Cadmium and Lead Contamined Soil. Supervised by
Reginawanti Hindersah, Diyan Herdiyantoro, dan Sigit Yuli Jatmiko (alm).
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are very dangerous heavy metals because
they are toxic and bioaccumulative in the environment. Remediation of heavy
metals extraction accompanied by accumulator plants can increasing the
accumulation of heavy metals in plants. The objective of this research was to
determine the effects of bioremediator and organic matter to cadmium and lead
accumulation in rami grown on cadmium and lead contamined soil. This research
was conducted on Juni to September at Laboratorium of Soil Biology and
Biotechnology of Agricultural Faculty, University of Padjadjaran elevated at
±752 m above sea level and Green House of Agriculture Environment Research
Center in Jakenan, Jaken, Pati, Central Java, elevated at 10 – 25 m above sea
level. Two treatments, i.e. Bioremediator (no bioremediator, 5 g pot-1, and
10 g pot-1 respectively) and organic matter (no organic matter, 50 g pot-1,
100 g pot-1, and 150 g pot-1 respectively) were applied and used Randomized
Block Design factorial with four replications. Bioremediator used was solid
sludge as carrier, which contained 15% bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum
inoculant by the density of 4,6x107 CFU g-1 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
mixture (Glomus manihotis, Gigaspora, and Acaulospora) 10 g pot-1 by the
density of 14,35 spores g-1. The results showed that there were no significantly
interaction effects between bioremediator and organic matter on increased plant
height, plant biomass, Cd and Pb accumulation in the plant, and the concentration
of soil Cd and Pb. Bioremediator gave significant effect on Pb uptake in the root
and organic matter gave significant effect on value of transfer factor.
Bioremediator 5 g pot-1 and 10 g pot-1 able to increased Pb uptake in the root, of
0,05 mg kg-1 and 0,06 mg kg-1, compared without bioremediator (0,02 mg kg-1)
respectively. The organic matter 50 g pot-1 and 100 g pot-1 was show the value of
transfer factor Cd 2,44 and 1,70, compared without organic matter (2,32)
respectively. The organic matter 150 g pot-1 decreased value of transfer factor Cd
(1,35) respectively.
Keywords : Bioremediator, Organic matter, Cadmium, Lead, Ramie.
ii