ابن جنى وجهوده اللغوية في الخصائص: دراسة وصفية تحليلية | Pransiska | Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 744 3239 1 PB
Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
Vol. 17. No. 1, Agustus 2017, 150-168
:
Toni Pransiska
UIN Sunan Kalijaga
E-mail: tonyelnoory@ymail.com
Abstrak
Ibnu Jinny (Mosul, 322-329 H) merupakan salah satu linguis Arab (lughawiyun)
yang sangat menguasai multidisiplin kelimuan Islam. Melalui masterpiece-nya “AlKhashāish”, Ibnu Jinny mencoba membawa wacana dan diskusi-diskusi linguistik
Arab dari yang semula terfokus pada perdebatan nahwu dan fanatisme mazhabnya
kepada kajian-kajian yang lebih umum dan komprehensif. Bahasa, dalam pandangan
Ibnu Jinny, bukan merupakan murni entitas rasional tetapi memiliki dimensi sosial,
karena itu, metode, teori dan pendekatan yang digunakanpun harus menggabungkan
keduanya. Jika teori linguistik Barat modern memfokuskan obyek kajiannya pada
empat unsur penting seperti; fonetik, sintaksis, morfologi dan semantik, maka
sesungguhnya tradisi linguistik Arab, meskipun belum tersistem secara terpadu jauh
mendahului kajian mereka seperti yang dilakukan oleh Ibnu Jinny. Bahkan
pendekatan sosiologis atau yang lain dapat ditelusuri dan dicari akarnya dari teoriteori Ibnu Jinni dan para ahli bahasa generasi setelahnya.
Kata Kunci: Ibnu Jinny; Pemikiran Lingistik Arab; Kitab Khashāish
Abstract
Ibn Jinny (Mosul, 322-329 H) one of Arabic linguist was very multitalented and
multidisciplinary master in Islamic scholarship. Through his masterpiece “AlKhāshaish”, Ibnu Jinny tried to read discourse and discussion from the original
Arabic linguistics that focused on the debate nahwu and fanaticism of his Mazhab in
to studies of a more generally and comprehensively. Language, according to Ibn
Jinny, is not a purely rational entity but a social dimension, therefore, methods,
theories and approaches were used also must necessarily incorporate both
dimensions. If the linguistic theory of Modern West focused on object of studies to
four important elements such as; Phonetics (‘Ilm al-Ashwāt), Morphology (Sharf),
Syntax (Nahw) and Semantics (‘Ilm al-Dilālah), then the Arabic linguistic tradition as Ibn Jinny’s study - has led Western Linguist studies. Even the sociological
approach or another we can browse and look for the roots of the theories of Ibn Jinni
and linguists generations thereafter.
Keywords: Ibnu Jinny; Arabic Linguistic Thought; al-Khashāish
( 329 -322
)
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.
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:
2008
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.
.
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.
.
2010
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
167
TONI PRANSISKA
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"
.
2013
.
168
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
)
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Vol. 17. No. 1, Agustus 2017, 150-168
:
Toni Pransiska
UIN Sunan Kalijaga
E-mail: tonyelnoory@ymail.com
Abstrak
Ibnu Jinny (Mosul, 322-329 H) merupakan salah satu linguis Arab (lughawiyun)
yang sangat menguasai multidisiplin kelimuan Islam. Melalui masterpiece-nya “AlKhashāish”, Ibnu Jinny mencoba membawa wacana dan diskusi-diskusi linguistik
Arab dari yang semula terfokus pada perdebatan nahwu dan fanatisme mazhabnya
kepada kajian-kajian yang lebih umum dan komprehensif. Bahasa, dalam pandangan
Ibnu Jinny, bukan merupakan murni entitas rasional tetapi memiliki dimensi sosial,
karena itu, metode, teori dan pendekatan yang digunakanpun harus menggabungkan
keduanya. Jika teori linguistik Barat modern memfokuskan obyek kajiannya pada
empat unsur penting seperti; fonetik, sintaksis, morfologi dan semantik, maka
sesungguhnya tradisi linguistik Arab, meskipun belum tersistem secara terpadu jauh
mendahului kajian mereka seperti yang dilakukan oleh Ibnu Jinny. Bahkan
pendekatan sosiologis atau yang lain dapat ditelusuri dan dicari akarnya dari teoriteori Ibnu Jinni dan para ahli bahasa generasi setelahnya.
Kata Kunci: Ibnu Jinny; Pemikiran Lingistik Arab; Kitab Khashāish
Abstract
Ibn Jinny (Mosul, 322-329 H) one of Arabic linguist was very multitalented and
multidisciplinary master in Islamic scholarship. Through his masterpiece “AlKhāshaish”, Ibnu Jinny tried to read discourse and discussion from the original
Arabic linguistics that focused on the debate nahwu and fanaticism of his Mazhab in
to studies of a more generally and comprehensively. Language, according to Ibn
Jinny, is not a purely rational entity but a social dimension, therefore, methods,
theories and approaches were used also must necessarily incorporate both
dimensions. If the linguistic theory of Modern West focused on object of studies to
four important elements such as; Phonetics (‘Ilm al-Ashwāt), Morphology (Sharf),
Syntax (Nahw) and Semantics (‘Ilm al-Dilālah), then the Arabic linguistic tradition as Ibn Jinny’s study - has led Western Linguist studies. Even the sociological
approach or another we can browse and look for the roots of the theories of Ibn Jinni
and linguists generations thereafter.
Keywords: Ibnu Jinny; Arabic Linguistic Thought; al-Khashāish
( 329 -322
)
.
(
"
)
"
.
.
:
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
151
TONI PRANSISKA
:
-
.
"
1
"
":
.(Mosul)
.
.
" "
(Gennaius)
":
(
.
)
.
" "
2
.
.
)
3
.
.
1
):
.
)
(
:
.
)
.
.
)
.14-13 .
22 .
)
(1989
381
.
152
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
:
)
(
1
(1990
2
)
3
.
.
.
:
.
:
.1
:
. 394
.2
. 368
.
.3
. 385
:
.4
. 370
,
.
15 . ...
.
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
153
TONI PRANSISKA
:
.5
.368
:
.6
.
.395
( 400 : )
( 384 : )
( 388 : )
( 370 : )
.( 384 : )
.
):
(
):
.(
.
.
):
.
):
.(
.(
154
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
...
.
4
.
( 354 : )
.
5
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
11 (
:
)
.
91
.10 .
,(2008
:
)
5
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
155
TONI PRANSISKA
.
.
.
6
.
.7
) :
8
.(
:
.
.
:
.
:
6
.
.
):
.
.
.39 -38 . ...
.(
19 ....
.82 . ...
156
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
7
8
.
.
67
,
:
,
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
)
-
-
-
.
9
(
.
:
:
(1
. 324
248 .
(1988
:
)
9
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
157
TONI PRANSISKA
(
)
10
(391 -318)
.
,
11
.
(2
.
.12
8 -7 . ...
10
11
247 . ....
2010
:
.
12
27-26 .
158
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
.
.
.
13
.
.
)
14
.
.
.
.
447 . ....
18-17 . ...
13
14
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
159
TONI PRANSISKA
.
.
.
:
(1
):
.
.
.(
.
(
)
.
.
"
:
.
160
"
.
( )
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
(Derivation Theory)
(2
:
(
)
.
(
(
)
)
.
.(
) (
(
) (
) (
) (
) (
)
)
.
.
(
)
.
.
:
.
.
.
(
)(
)(
:
)(
)
.
.
.(
)
15
138 -133 :
(
:
)
(
)
.
15
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
161
TONI PRANSISKA
:
:
.
16
. 403
"
"
16
379
:
"....
"....
":
69 . (
162
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
377
:
)
"
"
".
"
.17
.
"
"
"
"
"
"
.18
.
"
"
.19
"
"
.
:
(162)
.
.319546http://www.ahlalhdeeth.com/vb/showthread.php?t=
17
.2016
18
19
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
163
TONI PRANSISKA
.
20
.
(
)
.1
:
.
:
33 -31
1
2
1
)
(
48 -40
1
5
2
)
(
40 -28
2
61
3
)
(
(
)
."
41 .
164
20
"
.
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
3102
-245
3
151
4
)
255
(
.2
:
:
.(.
)
(
(
)
)
:
-227
2
82
1
2
88
2
2
89
3
2
90
3
133
3
134
233
-315
321
-321
327
-428
4
)
342
-120
(
)
5
121
-121
6
124
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
165
TONI PRANSISKA
-124
3
135
3
140
7
133
-154
(
8
)
157
.1
:
(
)
:"
.
...
.
(27)
.2
:
.
101
.
«
»
«
.
»
«
»
» 322»
"
166
"
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
.
«
«
"
"
"
."
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.http://www.ahlalhdeeth.com/vb/showthread.php?t=319546
.2016
.1989
:
:
.1988
:
.1990
:
:
.
.
.
:
--------
.
.
.
.
:
2008
.
.
.
.
.
.
2010
Volume 17 No.1, Agustus 2017 |
167
TONI PRANSISKA
."
"
.
2013
.
168
| Jurnal Ilmiah ISLAM FUTURA
)
(