Pengaruh Pridisposisi, Pendukung dan Penguat terhadap Pemanfaatan Posyandu Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Batang Kuis Tahun 2013
ABSTRAK
Manusia Lanjut Usia (Lansia) adalah kelompok penduduk dari tahun ketahun
jumlahnya semakin meningkat. Posyandu lansia merupakan program pemerintah
untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dan mengantisipasi masalah kesehatan penduduk
lansia. Menurut SK Menkes RI No 1457/Menkes/SK/X/2003 tentang Standar
Pelayanan Minimum (SPM), target cakupan pelayanan kesehatan lansia sebesar 70%.
Lansia dalam memanfaatkan posyandu lansia dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, sikap,
sarana prasarana, perilaku tenaga kesehatan, dukungan PKK dan keluarga lansia.
Pemanfaatan posyandu masih kurang disebabkan oleh karena kurangnya sosialisasi
dari tenaga kesehatan dan kader PKK tentang manfaat posyandu, dan sarana
prasarana yang kurang.
Jenis penelitian explanatory research dengan pendekatan crosssectional yang
bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan, sikap, sarana prasarana, perilaku
tenaga kesehatan, dukungan PKK dan dukungan keluarga terhadap pemanfaatan
posyandu lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Batang Kuis tahun 2013. Pengambilan
sampel dengan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50
orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan uji statistik menggunakan
analisis data univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan analisis
multivariate dengan uji regresi logistic ganda.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap
pemanfaatan posyandu lansia adalah pengetahuan, koefesien regresi =3.982 sig = 0,
009 dan nilai Exp (β) = 53.555 dan sikap koefesien regresi = 2.559, sig = 0.020 dan
nilai Exp (β) = 12.920.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar
meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pada lansia, dengan cara meningkatkan program
yang ada yaitu pemberian makanan tambahan, pemeriksaan gula darah, protein urin,
mengajarkan lansia cara merajut, dan mengembangkan ketrampilan lansia membuat
jamu tradisional.
Kata Kunci: Predisposisi, Pendukung, Penguat, Lansia, Pemanfaatan Posyandu
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Elders are a group of residents of greater age whose number shows an
increase from year to year. Posyandu for elders is a government program which is
aimed at both managing them efficiently and anticipating their health problems. With
reference to the decree of Indonesia’s Health Minister No. 1457/Menkes/SK/X/2003
about Minimum Service Standard (SPM), the target of this program covers 70% of
elders’ health service. When exploiting this Posyandu benefits the elders are
influenced by the following characteristics such as knowledge, attitude, equipment
and infrastructure, the behavior of health service workers, PKK’s endorsement and
the elders’ family support. The exploitation of this Posyandu is considered less and
this is caused by the lack of socialization about this program from the health service
workers and PKK cadres.
This is an explanatory research which uses cross-sectional approach in which
both of them are applied to find out the influence of knowledge, attitude, equipment
and infrastructure, health service workers’ behavior, PKK’s endorsement and elders’
families support towards the exploitation of this Posyandu in the working area of
Batang Kuis Puskesmas in 2013. The population is 2480 old people and 50 of them
are selected as the samples where the simple random sampling technique is used. The
data collection is primarily done by using questionnaires and the statistic tests
usedhere is univariate data analysis. The gathered data were analyzed by using both
the uni- and bi-variate analysis with chi square tests and multivariate analysis with
multiple logistic regression tests.
The result of this research when using multiple logistic regression tests shows
that the variables which influence the use of Posyandu for old people are related to
the knowledge withcoefficient regression is 3.981, sig = 0.009 and EXP value (β) =
53.555 and the attitude with coefficient regression is around 0.2559, sig =0.020 and
EXP value (β) = 12.920.
Based on the result of this research, it is recommended that health care
workers should increase the intensity of counseling, conveying communicative
message and providing effective information and education in order to improve old
people’s health.
Keywords
: Predisposition, Supporting Factor, Reinforces, Elders, Posyandu
Exploitation
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Manusia Lanjut Usia (Lansia) adalah kelompok penduduk dari tahun ketahun
jumlahnya semakin meningkat. Posyandu lansia merupakan program pemerintah
untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dan mengantisipasi masalah kesehatan penduduk
lansia. Menurut SK Menkes RI No 1457/Menkes/SK/X/2003 tentang Standar
Pelayanan Minimum (SPM), target cakupan pelayanan kesehatan lansia sebesar 70%.
Lansia dalam memanfaatkan posyandu lansia dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, sikap,
sarana prasarana, perilaku tenaga kesehatan, dukungan PKK dan keluarga lansia.
Pemanfaatan posyandu masih kurang disebabkan oleh karena kurangnya sosialisasi
dari tenaga kesehatan dan kader PKK tentang manfaat posyandu, dan sarana
prasarana yang kurang.
Jenis penelitian explanatory research dengan pendekatan crosssectional yang
bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan, sikap, sarana prasarana, perilaku
tenaga kesehatan, dukungan PKK dan dukungan keluarga terhadap pemanfaatan
posyandu lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Batang Kuis tahun 2013. Pengambilan
sampel dengan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50
orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan uji statistik menggunakan
analisis data univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan analisis
multivariate dengan uji regresi logistic ganda.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap
pemanfaatan posyandu lansia adalah pengetahuan, koefesien regresi =3.982 sig = 0,
009 dan nilai Exp (β) = 53.555 dan sikap koefesien regresi = 2.559, sig = 0.020 dan
nilai Exp (β) = 12.920.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar
meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pada lansia, dengan cara meningkatkan program
yang ada yaitu pemberian makanan tambahan, pemeriksaan gula darah, protein urin,
mengajarkan lansia cara merajut, dan mengembangkan ketrampilan lansia membuat
jamu tradisional.
Kata Kunci: Predisposisi, Pendukung, Penguat, Lansia, Pemanfaatan Posyandu
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Elders are a group of residents of greater age whose number shows an
increase from year to year. Posyandu for elders is a government program which is
aimed at both managing them efficiently and anticipating their health problems. With
reference to the decree of Indonesia’s Health Minister No. 1457/Menkes/SK/X/2003
about Minimum Service Standard (SPM), the target of this program covers 70% of
elders’ health service. When exploiting this Posyandu benefits the elders are
influenced by the following characteristics such as knowledge, attitude, equipment
and infrastructure, the behavior of health service workers, PKK’s endorsement and
the elders’ family support. The exploitation of this Posyandu is considered less and
this is caused by the lack of socialization about this program from the health service
workers and PKK cadres.
This is an explanatory research which uses cross-sectional approach in which
both of them are applied to find out the influence of knowledge, attitude, equipment
and infrastructure, health service workers’ behavior, PKK’s endorsement and elders’
families support towards the exploitation of this Posyandu in the working area of
Batang Kuis Puskesmas in 2013. The population is 2480 old people and 50 of them
are selected as the samples where the simple random sampling technique is used. The
data collection is primarily done by using questionnaires and the statistic tests
usedhere is univariate data analysis. The gathered data were analyzed by using both
the uni- and bi-variate analysis with chi square tests and multivariate analysis with
multiple logistic regression tests.
The result of this research when using multiple logistic regression tests shows
that the variables which influence the use of Posyandu for old people are related to
the knowledge withcoefficient regression is 3.981, sig = 0.009 and EXP value (β) =
53.555 and the attitude with coefficient regression is around 0.2559, sig =0.020 and
EXP value (β) = 12.920.
Based on the result of this research, it is recommended that health care
workers should increase the intensity of counseling, conveying communicative
message and providing effective information and education in order to improve old
people’s health.
Keywords
: Predisposition, Supporting Factor, Reinforces, Elders, Posyandu
Exploitation
Universitas Sumatera Utara