George Quinn Uli Kozok

  The Indonesian Way Module 8 – Getting Advice

  8

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  Date of Last Revision: 13 February 2015

  The development of “The Indonesian Way” was sponsored by grant P017A090375-10 from the US Department of Education, International Research and Studies Program. The development of the print version was made possible by a grant received from the University of Tasmania.

  Module 8 Getting Advice about Health and Personal Problems

  The basic aim of Module 8 is to provide you with the vocabulary, grammatical resources and model sentences that will enable you to discuss illness and personal problems. You will learn the names of the most important parts of the body and some common adjectives relating to feelings.

  There is more practice with the passive form of the verb, and the imperative (command) form of the verb is introduced. You will practise further how to give advice (and how to receive it). After completing this module you should be able to take part in a consultation between a doctor and a patient and discuss personal problems with a friend or counsellor. There is a complete, simplified short story by Indonesian author Putu Wijaya, and the module concludes with a debate about the pros and cons of cosmetic surgery.

  100 Anggota Badan

  Aims • To introduce the main terms for parts of the body.

  Vocabulary Review

  Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les- sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. kaki foot, leg perlu to need kemarin yesterday pertama-tama

  first of all kemudian then perut abdomen, belly lalu then sakit to be sick lupa forget tangan hand mata eye topi hat, cap muka the face

  The Parts of the Body

  The pictures below give terms for the main (external) parts of the body (anggota badan). It is important to bear a couple of points in mind as you study the labels on these pictures. First, Indonesian doesn’t “divide up” the body in exactly the same way as English does. In English we have the separate terms for “arm” and “hand” and also for “leg” and “foot”. In In- donesian the division is slightly di

  fferent. The upper limbs are divided into arm (lengan) and hand (tangan), whereas the lower limbs are divided into thigh (paha), calf (betis), and foot (kaki).

  So does the Indonesian language have no word for leg? Well, it is a little bit complicated, as the terms for hand (tangan) and foot (kaki) are commonly used to refer to the entire limb. So the meaning of tangan and

  kaki is ambivalent. Tangan can refer to the hand only, or to the entire limb

  (hand and arm). Likewise kaki can refer to the foot only or to the entire limb.

  This may sound confusing, but it really isn’t. Kaki and tangan are universal terms that are used almost exclusively unless it is absolutely necessary to di

  ffer- entiate. Only then are the words lengan, paha and

  betis used. For the time being, you do not need to

  memorise the words paha and betis, but we want you to be able to distinguish between lengan and ta-

  ngan as lengan is also used for “sleeve”—although

  here, too, the form tangan panjang (long sleeve) is used besides lengan panjang! Here are some words that you already have learned in combination with tangan: tanda tangan

  (signature), jam tangan (wristwatch), tulisan tangan (hand writing), kerajinan tangan (handicraft), sapu ta- ngan (handkerchief).

  And here are some words based on kaki. Some are new, although you know the individual compon- ents already: berjalan kaki (to walk), kaki tiga (tripod),

  kaki lima (footpath, sidewalk – because by regulation they were 5 feet wide), kaki ayam (barefoot).

The term jari does for both “fingers” and “toes”

  Only if we absolutely have to distinguish between the two things we can say jari tangan and jari kaki. On the other hand, in English we have the word “hair” which serves to refer to hair on any part of the body. But in Indonesian a careful distinction is made between hair on the head (rambut) and hair on the rest of the body (bulu).

  Second, like English, Indonesian has a number of euphemistic terms to refer to “sensitive” or “taboo” parts of the body. A couple are given here (kemaluan and buah dada) because, although there are parallel non-euphemistic or “crass” terms, it is the euphemisms that are most commonly heard in public, polite, everyday conversation.

  Awas !! The Indonesian Way, being an impeccably responsible textbook, does not want

  to bring social disgrace on those who study it. So emphasis in exercises and prac- tice is on the “nice” words for parts of the body. But, like English, Indonesian has many words for parts of the body that are more earthy than the terms usually used in public, polite society. For example, instead of payudara, susu or buah dada (all polite words for female breasts) you can say tetek (pronounced téték), which is not necessary impolite, but certainly more earthy (tits). Instead of kemaluan (the genitals, the “private parts”) you can say kontol or titit (cock) and nonok or memek (cunt). Because of the sensitivities surrounding terms for the genitalia people (especially the socially nervous middle class) often use the less “loaded”, more clinical, Latin terms penis and vagina. Until you have developed a reliable feel for the appropriate social context in which “crude” terms can be used, it is probably best to stick to polite euphemisms like buah dada and kemaluan. (Buah dada means literally “fruit of the chest”. Malu means something like “ashamed” or “embarrassed” or “demurely modest”, so liter-

  By the way, in the Javanese language a special, compulsory vocabulary exists for referring to other people’s bodies. You refer to your own eyes as your mripat but to someone else’s as their tingal or

  sotya. The word mata also exists in Javanese but it

  is used only for referring to the eyes of animals, not human beings. So when Javanese people are speaking in Indonesian and have to use the In- donesian word mata to refer to another person’s eyes, some feel uncomfortable about it.

  On the Inside

  Here are the main internal components of the human body. Please note that the proper name for stomach is lambung, but in colloquial speech it is usually called perut (abdomen). Stomach ache, for instance, is always sakit perut.

  Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.

  lalu then lupa to forget perlu to need pertama-tama

  first of all dewasa hat, cap kemarin sick, to be sick kemudian yesterday sakit adult topi then

Latihan 2—Isian The Indonesian sentences were only partly translated. Complete the translation

  1. Otot di punggungnya sakit. The ________ in her back are sore.

  2. Paru-parunya dioperasi. He had an operation on his ________.

  3. Ia mengalami serangan jantung. He had a ________ attack.

  4. Otaknya dioperasi kemarin. He had ________ surgery yesterday.

  5. Saya sakit perut. I have a ________ ache.

  6. Sebaiknya jangan merokok. Merokok itu tidak baik untuk pembuluh darah. You shouldn’t smoke. Smoking is not good for your ________.

  7. Tulang-tulang di kaki saya terasa sakit. The ________ in my leg feel sore.

  8. Bagus! Usus saya tidak perlu dioperasi! Wonderful! I don’t need to have surgery on my ________.

  9. Dia minum terlalu banyak alkohol. Sekarang hatinya rusak. He drank too much alcohol.

  Now his ________ is damaged.

  Latihan 3— Isian: Bagian-Bagian Tubuh

Pilih di antara bagian-bagian tubuh berikut: bahu—buah dada—hati—hidung—jantung—jari—kaki

  —kemaluan—lambung—leher—lengan—mata—mulut—otak—paru-paru—pembuluh darah— perut—rambut—tangan—telinga—tulang—usus a.

  A.

  b.

  B.

  c.

  C.

  d.

  D.

  e.

  E.

  f.

  F.

  g.

  G.

  h.

  H.

  I. j. k. l. m.

  Latihan 4—Isian

  4

  8

  8. Akhirnya _____________ juga perlu dicuci.

  7 7. Tidak lupa _____________ juga dicuci.

  6

  6. Lalu _____________ juga dicuci.

  5 5. Lalu _____________ juga dicuci sampai ke siku.

  4. Sesudah itu _____________ juga dicuci.

  Most Indonesians are Muslims. Many follow the orthodox requirement to pray to God five times a day. Before praying you must prepare yourself physically and mentally. The physical pre- paration involves carefully washing your face, arms and feet. This ritual is called wudu. As you purify yourself in this way, you also settle your mind so that you can concentrate fully on coming before God in prayer.

  3 3. Kemudian _____________ juga dibersihkan.

  2

  2. Lalu _____________ juga dicuci.

  1 1. Pertama-tama _____________ dibersihkan lebih dahulu.

  

bersembahyang—hidung—jari—kaki—muka—mulut—rambut—tangan—telinga

  the blank in the sentence beside each picture with a term indicating which part of the body is be- ing washed. Notice the passive forms of the verbs dicuci (to be washed) and dibersihkan (to be cleaned) in these sentences.

  Wudu is usually performed in a particular way. The pictures below show how it is done. Fill in

  9 9. Akhirnya siaplah kita untuk _____________.

  Latihan 5—Teka-Teki Silang (TTS) Note: You may need to consult a dictionary. A simple online dictionary such as indodic.com will be su

  fficient.

  Mendatar:

  3. Jangan minta tolong! Berdiri di atas ______ sendiri!

  4. Bahasa Inggris “ready”.

  5. Tumbuh di atas kepala.

  7. Terdapat di dalam mulut, warnanya putih.

  8. Di sini ada mata, hidung dan mulut.

  9. Di ujungnya ada lima jari, di tengah ada siku.

  11. Tumbuh di beberapa bagian tubuh (tetapi tidak di atas kepala).

  12. Laki-laki tertarik pada Siti karena dia ______ sekali.

  15. Anda duduk di atas anggota badan ini.

  17. Perempuan dewasa punya dua buah ______.

  18. Terdapat di kanan kiri leher.

  19. Sama dengan tubuh. Menurun: 1. Digunakan untuk memegang sesuatu.

  2. Jumlahnya lima, di ujung tangan dan kaki.

  3. Digunakan untuk melakukan hubungan seks dan buang air.

  4. Terletak di tengah-tengah di antara jari tangan dan bahu.

  6. Menarik, tidak jelek (untuk laki-laki).

  8. Membersihkan dengan air.

  Menggambarkan Fisik Seseorang Aims • To review colours and practise describing the colours of things.

• To practise describing a person’s appearance.

Vocabulary Review

  Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les- sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. abu-abu grey kuning yellow atap a roof kurus slim, skinny, thin berwarna to have a colour merah red biru blue minta tolong to ask help blus a blouse peci a fez gemuk chubby, fat pendek short hijau green penjahat a criminal menghubungi to contact, call rambut hair lengan sleeve segera immediately, soon mencari to look for tinggi tall, high kantor polisi police station

  Fine-Tuning the Terms for Colours

  In Lesson 27 you learned the main words for colours. You are about to fine-tune your com- mand of these terms, so review Lesson 27 first to make sure you can automatically produce them. Here are two ways you can talk in a more nuanced, more precise way about colours.

  In Indonesian, dark colours are “old” (tua) and light colours are “young” (muda). Muda and Tua can not be used with hitam (black) and putih (white)!

  hijau tua dark green biru muda light blue merah tua dark red kuning muda light yellow 101 Blusnya kuning tua.

  Her blouse is dark yellow.

  Here are some of the very common adjectives that can be used to talk about someone’s ap- pearance (you have met and practised some of them already). Check that you know the meanings of all of them.

  4. Surtiningsih is wearing a greenish coloured dress.

  3. He has a darkish complexion.

  1. She has black shoes and a light yellow blouse.

  or (more commonly) Rambutnya panjang sekali.

  Cue sentence: She has very long hair. You write: Dia itu rambutnya panjang sekali.

  Translate these sentences into good Indonesian. Remember two things: 1. with a tiny number of special exceptions, the adjective follows the noun in Indonesian, and 2. “to have” is often ex- pressed with the possessive su ffix -nya. First check the model below.

  Exercise 101-01

  Someone’s general proportions tinggi, pendek, besar, kecil, biasa Someone’s general appearance cantik, ganteng, jelek, biasa, kurus, gemuk The appearance of someone’s hair botak, panjang, pendek, lurus, keriting The colour of someone’s hair hitam, pirang, putih, kemerah-merahan, coklat tua The colour of someone’s skin putih, kuning langsat, sawo matang, hitam manis The colour of someone’s eyes hitam, coklat, biru, kehijau-hijauan

  Orang yang mempunyai penyakit hati kulitnya menjadi kekuning-kuningan.

  or Blusnya berwarna kuning tua.

  He has reddish hair.

  Rambutnya kemerah-merahan.

  ffect by 1 reduplicating the adjective and 2 nesting it between the a ffixes ke- and -an. kemerah-merahan reddish kehitam-hitaman blackish, darkish kebiru-biruan bluish keabu-abuan greyish

  In English you can use the su ffix “-ish” to describe something that has a certain hue or tinge, for example “reddish”, “greenish”, “yellowish” etc. In Indonesian you produce a similar e

  His house has a roof that’s blue in colour.

  or Atap rumahnya berwarna biru muda.

  His house has a blue roof.

  Atap rumahnya biru muda.

  Her blouse is dark yellow in colour.

A yellowish skin tone develops in people su ffering from liver disease

Talking About Someone’s Appearance

  6. He is wearing long pants and a dark blue shirt.

  S

  Apakah Joko itu rambutnya keriting? penjahat itu berbaju biru? bercelana jins?

  2. Use -nya constructions to ask about what kind of personal features and clothes the fugitive has. For example: rambutnya lurus? rambutnya panjang?

  Apakah penjahat itu memakai peci ? ikat kepala

  1. use memakai to ask about what the fugitive is/was wearing. For example Joko topi

  aya minta tolong kepada Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu kalau melihat orang ini, segera hu- bungi kami di nomor 2457278 (dua empat lima tujuh dua tujuh delapan). Terima ka- sih. Ada pertanyaan? S

  The police o fficer should conclude by saying something like this: Sound File 101-02.

  elamat pagi (siang/sore/malam) Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu. Nama saya Ridwan. Saya ke- pala kantor polisi di sini. Kami sedang mencari seorang penjahat dari Wonosobo berna-

ma Joko yang dicari karena mencuri mobil. Dia berumur kira-kira 25 (dua puluh lima) ta-

hun. Tinggi badannya 170 (seratus tujuh puluh) sentimeter dan agak gemuk. Dia berkulit

sawo matang dengan rambut lurus dan pendek. Ia memakai kemeja lengan pendek, (etc.

etc. etc.) ….

  7. He is very tall. His eyes are greenish in colour.

  Listen to Sound File 101-01.

  fficers. Your description should cover sex, age, place of origin, height, whether the person is fat or thin, hair colour, eye colour, complexion and what the person is wearing. Your description might begin like this (as you repeat the role play, you should radically vary this opening):

  Imagine that you are a police o fficer (polisi). You have to describe a fugitive criminal (penjahat) to journalists, to the public or to fellow police o

  Role Play: Describing a Fugitive from the Law

  10. She likes stylish clothes and the colour grey.

  9. She is rather short but very pretty.

  8. Julia has a huge bottom but very thin legs.

The “audience” now quizzes the speaker, asking for clarification and more details. There are many kinds of questions you can ask, but two important ones that relate to recent lessons are:

  Red as a Mountain Apple

  ‘Light Red’ is, as we have learned above, merah muda. More common, however, is it to refer to a pinkish colour with the term merah jambu. Jambu air is the name of the fruit very closely related to the Malay apple, which in Hawai’i is known as the mountain apple. The fruit with the Latin name

  

Syzygium aqueum is juicy and slightly sweet-sour and is often part of the spicy fruit salad called

rujak.

  Of course you should also try to re-cycle all the kinds of questions you have practised so far, for ex- ample questions beginning with: Di mana ….

  Siapa yang …. Hari apa / Tanggal berapa / Jam berapa / Kapan …. Kenapa …. Apakah ada …. Bagaimana ….

  and many more.

  More about the Prefix ber-

  The prefix ber- forms intransitive verbs (that is verbs that cannot take an object) such as ber-

  

henti (to stop), berangkat (to leave), bekerja (to work), belajar (to study), berenang (to swim), berte-

mu (to meet), berpikir (to think), berdiri (to stand), berbelanja (to shop), bersiap-siap (to get ready),

beristirahat (to rest), bersisir (to comb).

  A large group of ber- verbs is based on nouns and has the general meaning “to have/own [base]”:

  bersuami to have a husband berumur be aged bernama be named beranak have children berguna to be useful berhasil to have success, to succeed

  A subgroup of this group means “to use, wear, travel by [base]”:

  bertopi to wear a hat berdasi to wear a tie bersepatu to wear shoes berkacamata to wear glasses berbaju to wear a shirt berkuda to ride a horse bersepeda to ride a bicycle

  Adjectives or possessive nouns can be added:

  berkacamata hitam to wear sunglasses berbaju biru to wear a blue shirt

  bersepeda balap to ride a racing bike

  Instead of using ber- one can of course also use memakai or naik: Anak itu berkacamata minus. / Anak itu memakai kacamata minus.

  That child wears minus (myopic) glasses.

  Toni setiap hari bersepeda ke kantor. / Toni setiap hari naik sepeda ke kantor.

  Every day Toni goes to his o ffice by bike.

Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan

  atap blue kuning to ask for help berwarna a blouse kurus red biru green merah short blus to have a colour minta tolong thin hijau a roof peci tall menghubungi sleeves pendek hair lengan to look for rambut yellow mencari a police station tinggi a fez kantor polisi to call

  Latihan 2—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.

  hijau tua light blue kekuning-kuningan blackish biru muda greyish merah tua brown kehitam-hitaman greenish coklat dark green kehijau-hijauan dark red keabu-abuan yellowish

  Latihan 3—Terjemahan Translate the following phrases into Indonesian.

  1. black shoes .......................................................................................

  3. darkish complexion ....................................................................................... 4. greenish coloured dress ....................................................................................... 5. long reddish hair ....................................................................................... 6. dark blue shirt ....................................................................................... 7. greenish eyes ....................................................................................... 8. thin legs .......................................................................................

  Latihan 4—Pemahaman Jawablah pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan informasi yang terdapat dalam bacaan “Polisi dan Penjahat”.

  1. Who is Ridwan?

  A. A journalist

  B. A villager

  C. A fugitive

  D. A police o fficer

  2. Who is Joko? A. Joko is a tourist from Wonosobo.

  B. Joko owns a mobile phone shop in Wonosobo.

  C. Joko is looking for a mobile phone.

  D. Joko is a car thieve at large.

  3. Joko is a very fat guy.

  A. True

  B. False

  4. Joko’s hair is …

  A. short, curly, and red

  B. short, straight, and reddish

  C. long, straight, and reddish

  5. Joko’s complexion is …

  A. white

  B. very light brown

  C. brown

  D. black

  6. What clothes did Joko wear when he ran away?

  A. green shirt with short sleeves and brown short pants

  B. dark green shirt with short sleeves and black long pants

  C. green shirt with short sleeves and black long pants

  D. light green shirt with short sleeves and black short pants

  7. What number should they call if they happen to see Joko?

  A. 245 72 78

  B. 254 78 72

  C. 245 78 72

  D. 245 27 28

  Latihan 5—Isian Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat. celana panjang—gemuk—hubungi —kemerah-merahan—mencuri—penjahat

  Selamat pagi, Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu. Nama saya Ridwan. Saya kepala kantor polisi di sini. Kami sedang mencari seorang ___________ dari Wonosobo bernama Joko yang dicari karena ___________ mobil. Dia berumur kira-kira dua puluh lima tahun. Tinggi ba- dannya seratus tujuh puluh sentimeter dan agak ___________. Dia berkulit sawo matang dengan rambut lurus ___________ dan pendek. Ia memakai kemeja lengan pendek ber- warna hijau dan ___________ berwana hitam. Saya minta tolong kepada Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu kalau melihat orang ini, segera ___________ kami di nomor dua empat lima tujuh dua tujuh delapan. Terima kasih.

  Latihan 6—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang benar sesuai dengan arti:

  1. “That woman is very thin and tall.” Wanita—dan—sangat—kurus—itu—tinggi. 2. “Mrs. Sukma’s daughter has reddish hair.” Anak—rambutnya—Ibu Sukma—perempuan—kemerah-merahan. 3. “My mom is wearing a light yellow t-shirt.” Ibu—kaos—kuning—berwarna—saya—memakai—muda. 4. “That old house has a green roof.” Rumah—atapnya—berwarna—itu—tua—hijau. 5. “She likes stylish clothes in grey.” Dia—pakaian-pakaian—keren—suka—berwarna—abu-abu.

Latihan 7—Menjodohkan: Kosa Kata Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan

  penjahat to steal kemerah-merahan blueish mencuri a criminal kebiru-biruan yellowish kulit grey kekuning-kuningan blackish lurus fat kehitam-hitaman reddish gemuk straight abu-abu skin

Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

  Mendatar: 2. skin 4. long 6. green 7. fat 11. tall 12. stylish 13. to steal Menurun: 1. short 2. yellow 3. thin 4. a criminal 5. blue 8. to wear 9. colour 10. straight Penyakit dan Gejalanya Aims

• To introduce the terms for various common illnesses, and to review the names for parts of the body.
• To practise talking about minor illnesses.

  Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les- sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. barangkali perhaps, maybe memang indeed bermain to play mudah-mudahan hopefully beristirahat to take a rest mungkin maybe, probably dada chest obat medicine demam fever penyakit sickness, illness dibawa to be taken to perut belly, abdomen dikatakan to be said sebenarnya actually disuruh to be ordered to do something sebungkus a packet of hari ini today sembuh cured, recovered jangan don’t telinga ears jelas clear teman a friend kali times terasa to feel mana where, which tertawa to laugh

  The Many Uses of Sakit Penyakit. The word for ‘illness’ and ‘disease’ is penyakit derived from the root word sakit.

  Penyakit seperti malaria, dan demam berdarah sangat umum di daerah tropis.

  Diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are very common in tropical regions.

  Sakit. This multi-purpose word can be used in a variety of ways to talk about illness and pain.

  102

Vocabulary Review

  1) Sakit can be used to mean mean “ill” or “sick” in the general sense.

  Saya sakit.

  I’m ill.

  Hari ini dia tidak masuk. Dia sakit.

  She’s not coming in today. She’s sick.

  Bapak Mahmud jatuh sakit.

  Mr Mahmud has fallen ill.

  2) Sakit can be used to express the English phrase “to have (a sore/painful…)” or “to be suf- fering from…”, or “to be ill with…”. In this guise sakit looks like an intransitive verb fol- lowed by a noun complement, the same as, say, bermain in phrases like bermain tenis or bermain piano.

  Saya sakit kepala.

  I have a headache.

  Dia sakit perut.

  She has a stomachache / She has an upset stomach.

  Jangan tertawa. Dia sakit gigi.

  Don’t laugh. He’s got toothache.

  Dia sakit mata.

  She has got a sore eye / eye disease.

  Anda sakit apa?

What illness are you su ffering from?

  Interestingly, sakit can refer not only to one’s physical condition, but also to emotional and mental states.

  Dia sakit hati.

  She is o ffended. (literally “She is sick in the liver.”) Dia sakit jiwa. He is mentally disturbed. (literally “He is sick in the soul.”) 3) Sakit often also renders the English “to hurt” (intransitive), or “to feel sore”.

  Leher saya sakit. Tangannya sakit.

  My neck is sore. Her arm hurts.

  Aduh, kaki saya sakit sekali. Apa yang sakit?

  Ow, my feet are killing me. What is hurting? Mana yang sakit? Telinga kanan saya sakit sekali. Where does it hurt? My right ear is hurting badly.

  Minta Perhatian!!

  Optionally (and quite often) the verb terasa precedes sakit in sentences like those under 3 above. Terasa can be somewhat clumsily translated “is felt to be…”. In Eng- lish we say “My neck feels sore.” The Indonesian view seems to be that your neck can’t feel anything. It is the mind or heart that “feels”. So in Indonesian you say, in e

  ffect, “My neck is felt (by me) to be sore.” Terasa expresses the idea “is felt by me to be…” So you can say, for example: Leher saya terasa sakit. Tangannya terasa sakit.

  My neck is sore. Her arm is hurting.

  You can not use merasa to talk about what you are feeling in your limbs/organs. So you cannot say, for example, *Leher saya merasa sakit or *Tangannya merasa sakit

  KENA

  Another important word when it comes to diseases is kena which means ‘to be adversely af- fected by something’ or ‘to be struck by something’. Dia kena AIDS.

  Dia kena kanker. Dia kena penyakit hati.

  He’s got AIDS. She has cancer. He su ffers from a liver disease.

  GEJALA – Symptoms

  In Indonesian you cannot say “he is bleeding” as the word for bleeding (berdarah, from darah

  ‘blood’) can only be used for body parts: Kakinya berdarah.

  Hidungnya berdarah.

  Her foot is bleeding. Her nose is bleeding.

  Kulitnya gatal.

  Ichwan sudah tiga hari demam.

  Her skin itches. Ichwan has had fever for three days.

  The following substitution tables will help you turn the information presented above into sen- tences that can be used to ask and answer questions in conversation. Practise asking and an- swering questions about illness and pain by generating sentences from the tables.

  Pak Apa kabar, Bu? Sarah saya kira

  Aduh, sebenarnya saya sakit. barangkali anak Ibu

  Bagaimana Bapak Santosa ? teman Anda Dia sakit Anda Dia sakit apa? Bapak Ibu mata. kepala. Saya sakit telinga. Dia perut. gigi. leher. AIDS. kanker. panas Mana yang sakit?

  Mata Tangan Bahu Kaki Mulut saya yang sakit. Telinga Kemaluan Perut Dada Jari tangan Jari kaki Mata Tangan kanan -nya Bahu kiri saya yang sakit (sekali). Kaki Telinga

  Dialogue

  A dialogue using these resources might run as follows. Listen to the dialogue from Sound File

  

102-01 several times. Read the transcription until you have memorised the dialogue. Then do

Latihan 3 & 4. If you get stuck, stumble or hesitate, check the sound file.

  Bu Ria Pak Sentosa Pak Santosa! Apa kabar, Pak? Baik-baik saja, Bu. Saya dengar anak Bapak sakit. Sakit apa dia, Pak?

  Tidak jelas. Dia sakit kepala dan sakit perut. Tidak mau makan, dan tidak bisa tidur. Badannya juga panas. Aduh kasihan. Sudah dibawa ke dokter? Sudah. Sudah dua kali. Menurut dokter bagaimana? Kata dokter, barangkali dia sakit perut karena minum air yang kotor.

  O begitu. Lalu, apakah dia sudah diberi obat? Sudah. Dia disuruh minum Konidex dan beristirahat di rumah.

  Mudah-mudahan dia cepat sembuh. Terima kasih, Bu. Yah, mudah-mudahan saja.

  Exercise 102-01 Fill in the blank spaces with an appropriate word (or with, at the most, two or three appropriate words) so that the sentence is grammatically correct and makes good sense in the context of the dialogue as a whole.

  Katanya Bapak sakit. Sakit apa?

  Saya sakit ____________________

  Kasihan. Sudah berapa lama?

  Sudah dua ____________________

  Sudah ke dokter? Sudah. Sudah ____________________ kali. Apa yang dikatakan oleh dokter? Menurut dokter saya tidak boleh ____________________. Mana yang sakit? ____________________ dan __________________ saya sakit sekali. Waduh! Mengapa, ya?

  Mungkin karena saya terlalu banyak ____________________

  Lalu, Bapak disuruh minum obat apa?

  Saya disuruh minum ____________________

  O begitu. Bapak beli di mana?

  Saya beli di ____________________

  Katanya, obat itu cukup mahal. Berapa harganya? Harganya ____________________ ribu rupiah sebungkus.

  Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.

  bermain don’t perut disease dikatakan maybe, probably sebungkus to laugh hari ini a medicine telinga a packet of jangan to be said tertawa a stomach kali times mana ears mungkin to play penyakit where, which obat today

  Latihan 2—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.

  Saya sakit. What illness is your brother su ffering from?

  Dia sakit perut setelah makan bakso. Who has a headache? Kakak kamu sakit apa? What is hurting? Siapa yang sakit kepala? She has a stomachache after eating meatballs.

  Aduh, bapak itu kena penyakit hati! He has cancer. Apa yang sakit? I am ill. Dia kena sakit kanker. Ouch, my hands really hurt! Aduh, tangan saya sakit sekali! Ow, that man su

  ffers from liver disease!

  Latihan 3— Isian Listen to Sound File 102-01 and complete the following dialogue. Choose between

  apa—barangkali—beristirahat—disuruh—kasihan—mudah-mudahan—obat—panas— perut-sakit—sembuh Bu Ria Pak Sentosa Pak Santosa! Apa kabar, Pak? Baik-baik saja, Bu. Saya dengar anak Bapak _________. Tidak jelas. Dia sakit kepala dan sakit Sakit _________ dia, Pak? _________. Tidak mau makan, dan tidak bisa tidur. Badannya juga _________. Aduh _________. Sudah dibawa ke Sudah. Sudah dua kali. dokter? Menurut dokter bagaimana? Kata dokter, _________ dia sakit perut karena minum air yang kotor. O begitu. Lalu, apakah dia sudah diberi Sudah. Dia _________ minum Konidex _________? dan _________ di rumah. Mudah-mudahan dia cepat sembuh. Terima kasih, Bu. Yah, _________ saja.

  Latihan 4—Terjemahan

This is the dialogue translated into English. Can you translate it back into Indonesian?

You may have to listen several times to Sound File 102-01. Try to memorise the dialogue as good as you can.

  Bu Ria Pak Sentosa

Mr. Sentosa! How are you? I am fine

  I heard your daughter is sick. What kind It’s not quite clear. She has head and of illness is it? tummy ache, and can’t sleep. She has no appetite and can’t sleep. She’s also high temperature.

  Poor thing. Did you take her to a Yes. Twice. physician? And, what does he say? He said she may have an upset stomach probably because she consumed polluted water.

  I see. Did he give her medicine? Yes. He told her to take Konidex and take rest. Hope she’ll be well soon. Thanks, ma’am. Let’s hope so.

  Latihan 5—Mengurutkan Urutkan kalimat-kalimat ini menjadi percakapan yang baik.

  No. Kalimat Urutan

  1. Katanya Bapak sakit. Sakit apa?

  1

  2 2. Saya sakit kepala.

  3. Sudah ke dokter?

  4. Apa yang dikatakan oleh dokter?

  5. Lalu, Bapak disuruh minum obat apa?

  6. Kasihan. Sudah berapa lama? 7. Saya disuruh minum Konidex.

  8. Sudah dua minggu.

  9. Saya beli di toko obat dekat rumah saya.

  10. Sudah. Sudah tiga kali.

  11. O begitu. Bapak beli di mana? 12. Menurut dokter saya tidak boleh terlalu banyak membaca.

  13. Katanya, obat itu cukup mahal. Berapa harganya? 14. Harganya tiga puluh ribu rupiah sebungkus.

  Latihan 6—Isian Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat: begitu—bekerja—disuruh—dua— hari—kepala—lima puluh—mata—membaca—toko obat

  Katanya Bapak sakit. Sakit apa? Saya sakit _____________.

  Kasihan. Sudah berapa lama? Sudah dua _____________ Sudah ke dokter? Sudah. Sudah _____________ kali.

  Apa yang dikatakan oleh dokter? Menurut dokter saya tidak boleh _____________.

  Mana yang sakit? Kepala dan _____________ saya sakit sekali.

  Waduh! Mengapa, ya? Mungkin karena saya terlalu banyak _____________ Lalu, Bapak _____________ minum obat apa? Saya disuruh minum _____________ O _____________. Bapak beli di mana? Saya beli di _____________ Katanya, obat itu cukup mahal. Berapa harganya? Harganya _____________ ribu rupiah sebungkus.

  Latihan 7—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang benar sesuai dengan arti:

  1. “Her skin itches because she bathes in dirty water.” Kulitnya—karena—mandi—di—gatal—dia—air kotor. 2. “My right ear hurts very badly.” Telinga—kanan—saya—sakit—sekali. 3. “Andina’s sister has had fever for a week.” Adik—seminggu—sudah—Andina—demam. 4. “He su

  ffers from avian flu.” Dia—flu—penyakit—kena—burung. 5. “My neck, hand, and legs hurt.” Leher,—tangan,—kaki—dan—saya—sakit.

Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

  Mendatar: 4. a disease 6. itchy 7. the liver 9. to bleed 11. recovered from illness 13. clear 14. ouch 18. where, which 19. medicine 20. the nose 21. the ears, an ear 22. actually Menurun:

  1. fever 2. to be told to, be ordered to 3. the skin 5. eyes 8. a cancer 10. to be felt 12. sick, ill 15. leg, foot 16. a physician 17. to be adversely a

  ffected by Nasihat untuk Orang Sakit Aims • To give more practice talking about pains and illness, especially giving advice about them.

Vocabulary Review

  Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les- sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. beristirahat to take a rest masuk angin to catch a cold bingung to be confused merokok to smoke capai tired, exhausted minuman keras liquor cuaca weather nenek grandmother daging meat obat medicine demam fever rumah sakit hospital gula sugar sebaiknya it would be better kesehatan health selama for (length of time) larut malam late at night sungai a river lebih baik it is better terus continuously lebih banyak more (of quantity)

  Giving Advice and Making Suggestions Using Supaya

  You have already practised how to o ffer advice using sebaiknya and lebih baik as well as se-

  

baiknya jangan and lebih baik jangan. Go back to Lesson 56 in Module 4 and review the informa-

tion, model sentences and exercises relating to these expressions.

  In Module 4 you used these expressions to o ffer advice about what to do and what not to do when travelling in Indonesia. They can also be used to o

  ffer advice about health. Study these examples. Listen to Sound File 103-01.

  Sebaiknya Anda makan lebih banyak daging.

  You should eat more meat.

  Saya kira sebaiknya Anda minum jamu setiap hari.

  I think you should drink jamu every day. 103

  Menurut pendapat saya sebaiknya Anda jangan keluar pada waktu cuaca dingin.

  In my opinion you shouldn’t go out when the weather is cold.

  Saya kira sebaiknya Anda jangan terlalu banyak makan makanan yang mengandung gula.

  I don’t think you should eat too much sugary food.

  To this armoury you can add some expressions using supaya. Supaya appears after certain verbs that ask (e.g. minta) , recommend (e.g. menyarankan) , suggest (e.g. mengusulkan) , advise (e.g. menasihatkan) or express a wish (e.g. ingin) . Supaya, like bahwa, introduces a clause that tells you what these verbs relate to. Supaya is often like the English conjunction “that” in sen- tences like “I ask that you all remain calm.”, “The committee recommended that the bridge not be built.” and “I suggest that you take her advice.” In most contexts, supaya implies an intention, ex- pectation or hope that a certain end will be reached. Study these examples. Listen to Sound File 103-02.

  Saya minta supaya Anda minum obat ini tiga kali sehari.

  I would like you to take this medicine three times a day.

  Saya minta supaya Bapak jangan bermain tenis lagi.

  I would like you to give up playing tenis.

  Saya mengusulkan supaya Ibu makan lebih banyak buah.

  I suggest that you eat more fruit.

  Saya mengusulkan supaya anak Ibu jangan diizinkan bermain di sungai.

  I suggest that you don’t allow your son to play in the river.

  Saya menyarankan supaya luka itu segera diobati.

  I recommend that that wound be treated right away.

  Saya menyarankan supaya Ibu segera masuk rumah sakit.

  I recommend that you go into hospital right away.

  Saya menyarankan supaya Bapak jangan masuk kantor dulu.

  I recommend that you don’t go to work for the time being.

  Exercise 103-01

  Each of the phrases below is the last part of a sentence o ffering advice to (or about) someone who is sick. Write out a complete sentence, creating a beginning for each one by drawing on the resources in the substitution table above, and any other idioms you have studied for giving ad- vice. Make sure that the “beginnings” you create are all di

  fferent. Note that some of the sentences won’t make sense unless you use jangan . Study the model first before starting the exercise.

  Cue:…. makan dulu. You write (for example): Saya kira sebaiknya Ibu jangan makan dulu.

  1. ... beristirahat di rumah selama satu minggu. 2. ... segera masuk rumah sakit untuk dioperasi. 3. ... terlalu banyak minum minuman keras. 4. ... minta nasihat pada dokter mata. 5. ... belajar sampai larut malam. 6. ... minum obat ini setiap hari sebelum makan.

  8. ... berobat ke dokter Tamtomo. 9. ... membeli buku kesehatan. 10. ... segera dioperasi di Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusumo.

  Substitution Table

  Expressions using supaya can be summed up in tabular form as follows. Practise generating sentences from this table, adding phrases at the end to complete each sentence.

  dioperasi… minta nasihat pada… beristirahat selama… minum… makan… masuk… kamu berobat ke…

anak Ibu diberi…

minta Nyonya membeli… Saya mengusulkan supaya Ibu ---------------------------------------------- menyarankan Bapak jangan (terlalu banyak) makan… dia (terlalu banyak) minum…

  Anda bekerja… bermain… belajar… merokok.

  Exercise 103-02

  Imagine that you are a physician. What advice would you give in response to each of these questions from worried patients? Write TWO complete sentences in answer to each question. Use the exercises, substitution tables and model sentences above to help you frame correct, sensible advice. At least one of the two sentences (possibly both) should begin with a phrase like the ones given below. It may, or may not, be necessary to use jangan, depending on the nature of the advice that you give.