T BK 1302601 Table of content
iii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PERNYATAAN
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ........................................................................................ iii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ vi
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ....................................................................... 1
1.2 Pertanyaan Penelitian .............................................................................. 6
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 7
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................. 7
1.5 Struktur Organisasi Tesis ........................................................................ 8
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ................................................................................... 9
2.1 Kekerasan Psikologis ............................................................................... 9
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
iv
2.1.1 Pengertian Kekerasan Psikologis ................................................... 9
2.1.2 Bentuk Kekerasan Psikologi ......................................................... 10
2.1.3 Karakteristik Kekerasan Psikologis ............................................. 12
2.1.4 Dampak Kekerasan Psikologis .................................................... 12
2.1.5 Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kekerasan Psikologis ....................... 14
2.1.6 Dasar Hukum Perlindungan Anak ................................................... 16
2.1.7 Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Sekolah Ramah Anak ............................... 18
2.2 Self-Esteem ............................................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Pengertian Self-Esteem ................................................................ 18
2.2.2 Aspek Self-Esteem ....................................................................... 19
2.2.3 Proses Pembentukan Self-Esteem ................................................ 21
2.2.4 Self-Esteem pada Remaja ............................................................. 23
2.2.5 Perbedaan Tingkat Self-Esteem ................................................... 24
2.3. Stres ....................................................................................................... 27
2.3.1 Konsep Dasar Stres ...................................................................... 27
2.3.2 Pengertian Stres ........................................................................... 29
2.3.3 Pendekatan Stres ......................................................................... 29
2.3.4 Macam-Macam Stres ................................................................... 37
2.3.5 Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Stres ..................................... 38
2.3.7 Penyebab Stres ............................................................................. 40
2.3.8 Gejala Stres ......................................................................................... 40
2.4 Kerangka Berpikir .................................................................................. 42
2.5 Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................ 44
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 45
3.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................... 45
3.2 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian .............................................................. 45
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
v
3.3 Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ......................................................... 46
3.4 Hipotesis Statistik Penelitian ................................................................ 48
3.5 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................. 48
3.5.1 Jenis Instrumen ............................................................................ 48
3.5.2 Uji Coba Alat Ukur ..................................................................... 51
3.5.2.1 Analisis Item ................................................................. 51
3.5.2.2 Validitas Alat Ukur ........................................................ 52
3.5.2.3 Reliabilitas Alat Ukur ..................................................... 52
3.5.2.4 Interpretasi Skor ............................................................ 53
3.6 Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................ 54
3.7 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 55
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 56
4.1 Temuan Penelitian dan Pembahasan ..................................................... 56
4.1.1 Profil Tingkat Kekerasan Psikologis ........................................... 56
4.1.2 Profil Tingkat Self-Esteem ........................................................... 58
4.1.3 Profil Tingkat Stres ...................................................................... 60
4.2 Uji Empirik dan Pembahasan Hubungan antara Kekerasan Psikologis
Guru dengan Self-Esteem dan Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK ...................... 63
4.3 Keterbatasan Penelitian .......................................................................... 67
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI ............................... 68
5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................. 68
5.2 Implikasi ................................................................................................. 69
5.3 Rekomendasi ........................................................................................... 69
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 70
LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................................. 74
RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS ................................................................................ 93
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vi
DAFTAR TABEL
1.1 Tabel Tempat Terjadinya ........................................................................................ 1
1.2 Tabel Bentuk Kekerasan ......................................................................................... 2
3.1 Tabel Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Kekerasan Psikologis ................................................. 48
3.2 Tabel Ketentuan Skor Item Alat Ukur Tingkat Kekerasan Psikologis ................. 49
3.3 Tabel Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Self-Esteem ................................................................. 49
3.4 Tabel Ketentuan Skor Item Alat Ukur Tingkat Self-Esteem ................................. 50
3.5 Tabel Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Tingkat Stres ............................................................. 50
3.6 Tabel Ketentuan Skor Item Alat Ukur Tingkat Stres ............................................ 51
3.7 Tabel Norma Interpretasi Skor.............................................................................. 54
4.1 Tabel Profil Tingkat Kekerasan Psikologis Guru yang Dialami Siswa SMK“X”
Kabupaten Bandung ............................................................................................ 56
4.2 Tabel Profil Tingkat Self-Esteem Siswa SMK“X” Kabupaten Bandung.............. 58
4.3 Tabel Profil Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK“X” Kabupaten Bandung ........................ 61
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vii
4.4 Tabel Hasil Korelasi antara Kekerasan Psikologis Guru dengan Self-Esteem dan
Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ............................................ 63
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 Skema Struktur Organisasi Tesis ................................................................. 8
Gambar 2 Skema Kerangka Berpikir .......................................................................... 44
Gambar 3 Skema Desain Penelitian ............................................................................ 45
Gambar 4.1 Diagram Profil Tingkat Kekerasan Psikologis Guru yang Dialami Siswa
SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ................................................................ 57
Gambar 4.2 Diagram Profil Self-Esteem Siswa SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ....... 59
Gambar 4.3 Diagram Profil Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ..... 61
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Alat Ukur Kekerasan Psikologis ............................................................. 74
Lampiran 2 Alat Ukur Self-Esteem ............................................................................. 76
Lampiran 3 Alat Ukur Tingkat Stres........................................................................... 78
Lampiran 4 Analisis Item Skala Kekerasan Psikologis ............................................. 80
Lampiran 5 Analisis Item Skala Self-Esteem .............................................................. 81
Lampiran 6 Analisis Item Skala Tingkat Stres ........................................................... 82
Lampiran 7 Hasil Perhitungan Validitas Kekerasan Psikologis ................................. 83
Lampiran 8 Hasil Perhitungan Validitas Self-Esteem ................................................. 84
Lampiran 9 Hasil Perhitungan Validitas Tingkat Stres .............................................. 85
Lampiran I0 Hasil Perhitungan Reabilitas Kekerasan Psikologis .............................. 86
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ix
Lampiran I1 Hasil Perhitungan Reabilitas Self-Esteem .............................................. 88
Lampiran 12 Hasil Perhitungan Reabilitas Tingkat Stres ........................................... 90
Lampiran 13 Hasil Perhitungan Hubungan Kekerasan Psikologis Guru dengan SelfEsteem dan Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ........ 92
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PERNYATAAN
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ........................................................................................ iii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ vi
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ....................................................................... 1
1.2 Pertanyaan Penelitian .............................................................................. 6
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 7
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................. 7
1.5 Struktur Organisasi Tesis ........................................................................ 8
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ................................................................................... 9
2.1 Kekerasan Psikologis ............................................................................... 9
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
iv
2.1.1 Pengertian Kekerasan Psikologis ................................................... 9
2.1.2 Bentuk Kekerasan Psikologi ......................................................... 10
2.1.3 Karakteristik Kekerasan Psikologis ............................................. 12
2.1.4 Dampak Kekerasan Psikologis .................................................... 12
2.1.5 Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kekerasan Psikologis ....................... 14
2.1.6 Dasar Hukum Perlindungan Anak ................................................... 16
2.1.7 Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Sekolah Ramah Anak ............................... 18
2.2 Self-Esteem ............................................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Pengertian Self-Esteem ................................................................ 18
2.2.2 Aspek Self-Esteem ....................................................................... 19
2.2.3 Proses Pembentukan Self-Esteem ................................................ 21
2.2.4 Self-Esteem pada Remaja ............................................................. 23
2.2.5 Perbedaan Tingkat Self-Esteem ................................................... 24
2.3. Stres ....................................................................................................... 27
2.3.1 Konsep Dasar Stres ...................................................................... 27
2.3.2 Pengertian Stres ........................................................................... 29
2.3.3 Pendekatan Stres ......................................................................... 29
2.3.4 Macam-Macam Stres ................................................................... 37
2.3.5 Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Stres ..................................... 38
2.3.7 Penyebab Stres ............................................................................. 40
2.3.8 Gejala Stres ......................................................................................... 40
2.4 Kerangka Berpikir .................................................................................. 42
2.5 Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................ 44
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 45
3.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................... 45
3.2 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian .............................................................. 45
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
v
3.3 Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ......................................................... 46
3.4 Hipotesis Statistik Penelitian ................................................................ 48
3.5 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................. 48
3.5.1 Jenis Instrumen ............................................................................ 48
3.5.2 Uji Coba Alat Ukur ..................................................................... 51
3.5.2.1 Analisis Item ................................................................. 51
3.5.2.2 Validitas Alat Ukur ........................................................ 52
3.5.2.3 Reliabilitas Alat Ukur ..................................................... 52
3.5.2.4 Interpretasi Skor ............................................................ 53
3.6 Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................ 54
3.7 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 55
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 56
4.1 Temuan Penelitian dan Pembahasan ..................................................... 56
4.1.1 Profil Tingkat Kekerasan Psikologis ........................................... 56
4.1.2 Profil Tingkat Self-Esteem ........................................................... 58
4.1.3 Profil Tingkat Stres ...................................................................... 60
4.2 Uji Empirik dan Pembahasan Hubungan antara Kekerasan Psikologis
Guru dengan Self-Esteem dan Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK ...................... 63
4.3 Keterbatasan Penelitian .......................................................................... 67
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI ............................... 68
5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................. 68
5.2 Implikasi ................................................................................................. 69
5.3 Rekomendasi ........................................................................................... 69
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 70
LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................................. 74
RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS ................................................................................ 93
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vi
DAFTAR TABEL
1.1 Tabel Tempat Terjadinya ........................................................................................ 1
1.2 Tabel Bentuk Kekerasan ......................................................................................... 2
3.1 Tabel Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Kekerasan Psikologis ................................................. 48
3.2 Tabel Ketentuan Skor Item Alat Ukur Tingkat Kekerasan Psikologis ................. 49
3.3 Tabel Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Self-Esteem ................................................................. 49
3.4 Tabel Ketentuan Skor Item Alat Ukur Tingkat Self-Esteem ................................. 50
3.5 Tabel Kisi-Kisi Instrumen Tingkat Stres ............................................................. 50
3.6 Tabel Ketentuan Skor Item Alat Ukur Tingkat Stres ............................................ 51
3.7 Tabel Norma Interpretasi Skor.............................................................................. 54
4.1 Tabel Profil Tingkat Kekerasan Psikologis Guru yang Dialami Siswa SMK“X”
Kabupaten Bandung ............................................................................................ 56
4.2 Tabel Profil Tingkat Self-Esteem Siswa SMK“X” Kabupaten Bandung.............. 58
4.3 Tabel Profil Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK“X” Kabupaten Bandung ........................ 61
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vii
4.4 Tabel Hasil Korelasi antara Kekerasan Psikologis Guru dengan Self-Esteem dan
Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ............................................ 63
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 Skema Struktur Organisasi Tesis ................................................................. 8
Gambar 2 Skema Kerangka Berpikir .......................................................................... 44
Gambar 3 Skema Desain Penelitian ............................................................................ 45
Gambar 4.1 Diagram Profil Tingkat Kekerasan Psikologis Guru yang Dialami Siswa
SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ................................................................ 57
Gambar 4.2 Diagram Profil Self-Esteem Siswa SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ....... 59
Gambar 4.3 Diagram Profil Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ..... 61
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Alat Ukur Kekerasan Psikologis ............................................................. 74
Lampiran 2 Alat Ukur Self-Esteem ............................................................................. 76
Lampiran 3 Alat Ukur Tingkat Stres........................................................................... 78
Lampiran 4 Analisis Item Skala Kekerasan Psikologis ............................................. 80
Lampiran 5 Analisis Item Skala Self-Esteem .............................................................. 81
Lampiran 6 Analisis Item Skala Tingkat Stres ........................................................... 82
Lampiran 7 Hasil Perhitungan Validitas Kekerasan Psikologis ................................. 83
Lampiran 8 Hasil Perhitungan Validitas Self-Esteem ................................................. 84
Lampiran 9 Hasil Perhitungan Validitas Tingkat Stres .............................................. 85
Lampiran I0 Hasil Perhitungan Reabilitas Kekerasan Psikologis .............................. 86
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ix
Lampiran I1 Hasil Perhitungan Reabilitas Self-Esteem .............................................. 88
Lampiran 12 Hasil Perhitungan Reabilitas Tingkat Stres ........................................... 90
Lampiran 13 Hasil Perhitungan Hubungan Kekerasan Psikologis Guru dengan SelfEsteem dan Tingkat Stres Siswa SMK “X” Kabupaten Bandung ........ 92
Tita Rosita, 2015
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKERASAN PSIKOLOGIS GURU DENGAN SELF-ESTEEM DAN TINGKAT STRES
SISWA SMK “X” KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu