Index of /enm/images/dokumen
JETRO Seminar in Jakarta
12 May 2008
Role of Public and Private Sector
for Modern Logistics
Prof. Dr. Hirohito KUSE
Tokyo Univ. of Marine Science and Technology
2-1-6, Etchujima, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8533, Japan
Tel/Fax 81-3-5245-7369
kuse@kaiyodai.ac.jp
http://www2.kaiyodai.ac.jp/~kuse~
1
Index
1. Transport System and Logistics
2. From Physical Distribution
To Logistics and SCM
3. Characteristics of Modern Logistics
4. Role of Public Sector for Modern Logistics
5. Role of Private Sector for Modern Logistics
6. Japanese Practices in Logistics HRD
(Human Resource Development)
7. Harmonization for Modern Logistics
2
1. Transport System and Logistics
Tree Types of Transportation
Origin
(Mode)
Pick up
(Node)
(Link)
Delivery
(Node)
Destination
Transport
Mode
• truck
Node
•
•
•
•
Ports
Rail station
Airports
Terminal
Node
Link
•
•
•
•
Ship and sea route
Rail and railway
Plane and air route
Truck and road
•
•
•
•
Ports
Rail station
Airports
Terminal
Mode
• truck
3
Inter-Urban, Intra- Urban, District Transport
Inter-urban transport
Intra-urban transport
District transport
Length
Pattern
long trip
one to one, transport
short trip
many to one, pick-up
one to many, delivery
parking
loading and unloading
Link
Node
transport, load
storage, assemble, pack
transport, load
storage, assemble, pack
transport, load
Private
Public
Network
factory, warehouse, center
port, air port, terminal
road, sea route, air route
distribution center,
distribution estate
intra-city network
shop, office, house
parking facility
district street & avenue
4
Physical Distribution and Freight Transport
Production
Money Flow , Ordering
Logistics
Distribution
Physical Distribution
Commodity Flow
Consumption
Freight Transport
Goods Movement
Transport
Person Trip
Urban Planning
Freight Truck Movement
Land Use
5
Commercial Trade and Physical Distribution
Commercial
Trade
Physical Distribution
Ordering, Finance,
Information
Transport, Storage,
Assembling, Package,
Handling, Information
Transference
Property and Money
Space and Time
Principle
Expansion principle
(far, high, many)
Reduction principle
(near, cheep, few)
Industry
Shipper
(producer, wholesaler,
retailer, consumer)
Logistics
(carrier, service provider)
Demand
Origin Demand
Derived Demand
Contents
6
Logistics Functions
FUNCTION
CONTENTS
TRANSPORT
Transport
Pick-Up
Delivery
long trip, line haul, traffic function, one to one
short trip, area, access function, many to one
short trip, area, ingress function, one to many
STORAGE AND DEPOSIT
Storage
Deposit
long time inventory
short time inventory
ASSEMBLING
Handling
Processing
Assembling
check, sorting, stock, picking, allotment
construction, slice, cutting, measurement
price tagging, unitization, packing
PACKAGING, WRAPPING
Packaging
Wrapping
for transport and inventory
for marketing
CARGO HANDLING
Loading
Unloading
Handling
from facility to transport mode
from transportation mode to facility
replacement, reshipment, material handling
INFORMATION
Physical Distribution
Commercial Trade
quantity control : cargo tracing, inventory control
quality control : temperature, humidity
handling management : sorting machine, picking system
placing and receiving order : POS, EOS, VAN, EDI
financing : banking on-line system, EDI
7
Three Types of Logistics
1) Supply chain logistics
2) Lead-time logistics
3) Logistics of procurement, production and selling
8
2. From Physical Distribution to
Logistics and SCM
From Physical Distribution to Logistics
Level 0
Pre-physical distribution: transport, storage, packaging, cargo
handling, assembly, physical distribution information were separate
and independent
Level 1
Physical distribution: Formation of physical distribution system
with the above six functions in an organized state
Level 2
Business logistics: Coordination of procurement (distribution
supply), production management and product distribution systems
Level 3
Supply chain logistics: Formation of inter-company partnership in
logistics
Level 4
Social logistics: Balancing of business activity and social needs for
harmonization with the environment
9
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Business Logistics
SCM
Social Logistics
【Past 】
【Present 】
【Future 】
Physical Distribution
Future in Logistics
10
Historical Change of Transport System in Japan
Period
Logistics function
Transport Planning
Transport System
1st period
post war
-1965
simple function
(material handling)
coastal ship / port ,
railway / freight station
loading machine
specialized vehicle
2nd period
1965
−1975
intra-company system
production logistics
railway / station ,
line haul / truck terminal
line haul network
line haul terminal
3rd period
1975
−1985
company group
marketing & logistics
intra-urban transport
/ terminal, depot
home-delivery service
JIT (just in time)
4th period
1985
−1995
inter-company system
product-sales system
intra-urban logistics
/ distribution center, depot
loading facility
cooperation delivery
5th period
1995
−now
inter-company network
integration of
production-logistics
intra-urban, district
logistics
/ logistics center
inter-company system
execution / integration
11
Historical Change of Transport Planning in Japan
1st period
2nd period
4th period
3rd period
5th period
12
Concept of SCM : Supply Chain Management
•
Supply chains are intended to optimize the efficiency in the chain
of supply, linking merchandise and product suppliers to
consumers.
• Within a company, a supply chaindenotes a chain of processes
from development, procurement, production, transport and
selling.
• An inter-enterprise supply chain means a chain of suppliers,
manufacturers, distributors (wholesalers), retailers and
consumers.
13
Concept of JIT : Just In Time
•
If we define logistics as an activity to supply the necessary
goods and materials of the right quality in the right quantities to
the right place at the right time at the right cost.
• JIT (Just In Time) is a technique used to reach this goal
• JIT in the shop floor means supplying the necessary parts of the
required quality in the necessary quantities to the appropriate
place at the appropriate time.
14
3. Characteristics of Modern Logistics
Integration of Production and Distribution
（ factory/warehouse ）（warehouse/distribution center ） （shop/ office/house ）
production
（factory ）
storage/distribution
consumption
）distribution center ）（shop ）
（warehouse （
node
node
node
storage
mode node
link
one process of logistics
node
receiving order
placing order
assemble
（home ）
node
node
storage
assemble
mode
unload
production
package
load
transport
unload
production
package
load
link
15
Logistics System and Logistics Infrastructure
Logistics system
Finance Information
Finance System
Trade Information
Trade System
Freight Information
Freight Management System
Truck Information
Truck Operation System
Road Information
Road Management System
Facility
Technology
Institution
Logistics infrastructure
High Value-added Commodity （case of Lunch box）
high value-added process
assemble
soft and high
technology
process
cook
bake
mill
Lunch box
lunch
sandwich
high value-added
commodity
bread
flour
legend
wheat
technology
Examples
material
1) wheat → flour → bread → sandwich → lunch box
2) cotton → thread → fabric → dress → attire → brand
3) disk drive → PC → PC with software → PC ready for use
4) cups → full set of cups → contained in fancy box → gift set
5) cabbage → halved → fine cutting → salad → cabbage salad
commodity
17
High Value-added Logistics （case of Transport）
high value-added process
production
soft and high
technology
management
inventory
scheduling
loading
SCM
logistics
transport and
inventory
JIT delivery
high value-added
logistics
delivery
transport
legend
management technology
new concept
P.D. technology
Examples
1) transport → delivery → JIT → logistics → SCM
2) disk drive → PC → PC with software → PC ready for use
assembling packaging wrapping delivery
18
Logistics Function and Value-added Activity
Logistics Function
Handling
Processing
and
Assembling
Value-added Activity
blend rice
inspection of china, price tagging
sorting commodity according to quality
Processing
steel cutting
computer assembling, soft-installing
checking, pressing of clothes
Assembling
sorting vegetables in a box
packing manuals in a case
checking of goods, price tagging
Packaging
put ice to keep fishes fresh
put a price tag, package and wrap
Packaging
Wrapping
wrap with ribbon
towel folding
19
Logistics Function and Value-added Activity
Logistics Function
Value-added Activity
Time
Transport
and
Delivery
Cost
Quality
ordering, production, delivery time
efficient loading-unloading system
optimum rote choice and operation
transport, load-unload and inventory cost
assembling and production cost
institutional cost
handling and packaging system
cold chain system
cargo tracing system by GPS and RFID
Three T’s
1) time (lead time)
2) temperature (quality)
3) tolerance (damage)
20
What is a Major Issue in Modern Logistics ?
Logistics System
Time
Cost
Place
Quantity
Quality
How to keep the lead time ?
(Work control, Production control)
How to reduce the cost ?
(Supply control, Production Control, Inventory control)
How to trace the cargo ?
(Integrated Information system with EDI, ITS, RFID)
How to apply the demand ?
(Demand forecasting, Production & Inventory control)
How to keep the quality ?
(Package system, Loading system, Container system)
Logistics Infrastructure System
Soft (Operation)
Hard (Civil Work)
Information network (schedule, accident, package)
Institutional system (fare system, capacity of wagon)
Improvement of Railway, Wagon, Yard, Terminal, etc..
Introducing of Loading Machine, pallet, container
21
Examples of Major Issues in Inter-Modal transport
Node
Port
Terminal
Link
Rail transport
Pick-up
Activity
Custom
ICD
unload/
load
delivery
unload/
load
5 Rights for Logistics
Time
Cost
Place
Quantity
Quality
Scheduling
Port EDI
Vehicle Routing
Capacity Control Inventory Control
Material Handling
Package
Time Schedule
Loading Ratio / Fare
Cargo Tracing
Vehicle Routing
Capacity Control Inventory Control
Damage Control
Material Handling
Soft and Hard of Logistics Infrastructure
Operation
Pick-up order
Civil Work
Port
Loading
Access road Terminal
Schedule / Capacity Unloading
Speed Control
Railway / Wagon Depot Road
Bridge / Tunnel
22
Factors affecting global location strategy
Company’s Profits
（Sale − Cost）
Market
Domestic
Export
Cost
Production
Distribution
Circumstances
Risk
Risk
Political
Economic
Social
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Facility
Technology
Institute, etc
23
Considerations for Global Logistics
Market
① Recipient’s domestic market
② Foreign export market
Cost
① Production cost
② Distribution cost
(material, labor, operation)
(physical distribution cost)
Risk
① Political risk (war, battle, strike, conflict…)
② Economic risk (financial difficulty, exchange fluctuation…)
③ Social risk
(accident, crime, disease, disaster…)
Infrastructure
① Facility
② Technology
③ Institutional
(hard, soft)
(human resource, logistics information)
(law, policy, custom)
24
4. Role of Public Sector for Modern Logistics
Logistics Infrastructure and Institution System
1) Transport Policy
Hard = Road, Rail (Link), Port, Terminal (Node),
Truck, Ship, Locomotive (Mode)
Soft
= Less Traffic Jam, Traffic Regulation
Support Inter-Modal Transport
2) Institution Planning
Law and Policy = Regulation, Labor Contract
Custom = Procedure, Clearance System
3) Human Resource
Logistics Management Skill, Planning Skill
25
Infrastructure and Institution System (Public)
Board
Foreign
Domestic
Co. A
Co. C
Co. B
Business
Stage
Management
of
Status
Activity
In a Company
Inter-Company
Center
International
Port
Port
Center
Cooperation of Logistics Facility
and Coordination of Regulation
26
Transport Network in ASEAN Region
27
Land Transport Network
28
Time and Cost of Transport
How to
shorten time
Transport (Road only)
Cost
How to
reduce cost
Node
Port
Link
Activity
Terminal
Rail transport
Pick-up
Custom
unload/
load
Time
ICD
delivery
unload/
load
Transport (Rail + Road)
TDM
Soft
Countermeasure
Hard
Countermeasure
Public Sector
Private Sector
Space
Establishment of
Logistics Estate
Truck Route
ITS
Separation of Commercial trade
and Freight transport
Time
Night Time Delivery
Facility
Entry Control
Truck Time Plan
Delivery Time Control
Demand
Control
New Freight Transport
Car System
High Load Factor
Traffic
(Pocket Loading)
Traffic
Control
Trip
Establishment of
Freight Depot
Road pricing
Using Large Trucks
Cooperation Delivery
Vehicle Routing
30
Countermeasures for Lead time Logistics
node
link
Ordering System
Production-Logistics System
node
Receiving System
Delivery System
Facility
Logistics Center
Road Network
Receiving Facility
Logistics
Function
storage/load/information/
assemble/package and
production
transport
loading and unloading
Countermeasure
mechanization
automation
commercial trade
separation of trade and
goods flow
cooperation/execution/
integration
mechanization
automation
parking lot and facility
31
A
B
C
D
A
Near IC
Logistics Estate
Inter-Modal
Near Seaside
IC
IC
D
(1) Logistics Facility
Road Network
Seaside
IC
Rail
B
IC
C
Industry Estate
IC
32
source：KIFT (Korea Integrated Freight Terminal co. Ltd.)
Near IC (Kun-po, Korea)
Pamphlet
33
source：Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 1985
Logistics Estate (Iidabashi, Japan)
34
From Facility
C
B
(2) Road Network
C
A
A
A
A
To District Area
A
B
C
Optimization of Traffic Cell
Truck Route
Separation Freight transport from Person trip
35
: Tr uck r out e
source：Taniguchi, Nemoto (1999)
Truck Route (Amsterdam)
36
Truck Ban (Manila)
No cargo truck shall be
allowed to pass.
6:00∼21:00 (EDSA)
6:00∼9:00, 17:00∼21:00
(10 major routes)
everyday (except Sat., Sun.,
and holidays)
37
Allowance within 20 minutes for Loading
Red Route （
London）
38
Hanoi
Entrance Prohibition
Wuxi (China)
39
From Network
(3) District Logistics
C
A
B
C
A
A Planning for District Logistics (Building, Zone)
B Hard countermeasure (Loading/Unloading Facility)
C Soft countermeasure (Cooperative Delivery System)
40
source : Tokyo metropolitan government 1985
Urban Space without Freight Truck
41
Sorts of loading/unloading Facility
⑩
on the ground
④
①
⑧
⑥
⑨
⑦
③
underground
⑤
②
⑪
public facility
road
：①
road
：④
public facility
private premise ：⑥
：⑧
building
between buildings：⑪
beside road
on the ground
on the ground
on the ground
underpass
building
②
⑤
⑦
⑨
underground
underground
underground
underground
private premise
③ below a overpass
⑩ conveyance facility
42
Hukuoka, Japan
Coin Parking (Idling Stop)
Loading/unloading Facility on Road side
43
Loading/unloading Facility using Public Facility
Using Public Parking Facility
(Shinjuku, Japan)
Using the underpass as the
entrance of parking Facility
(Zurich, Swiss)
44
On the Ground
(Hukuoka, Japan)
Underground
(Shinakawa, Japan)
Loading/unloading Facility in Private Premise
45
On the Ground
(Sapporo, Japan)
Underground
(Yokohama, Japan)
Loading/unloading Facility in Building
46
Parking
Road
Parking
Passage
underpass
underpass
Subway
underground
on the ground
Underpass for Truck in Shiodome Area
47
Underpass for Truck in Shinakawa Area
48
5. Role of Private Sector for Modern Logistics
Logistics Technology System
1) IT
Label, Data
Cargo Tracing, Freight Identification,
2) Logistics Technology
Unit-load System, Standardization,
Inter-Modal Transport, Cold-chain System,
Specialization, Modern Facility System
3) Human Resource
Labor Skill, Management Skill,
(Shipper : Manufacturer, Wholesaler, Retailer)
(Carrier : Transport, Warehouse, Forwarder)
49
Logistics Technology System (Private)
Board
Domestic
Co. A
Co. B
Foreign
Co. C
Business
Stage
Management
of
Status
Activity
In a Company
Inter-Company
International
Standardization of Information Activity
and Technology
50
Freight Identification
Conveyance
• Bar code & 2D labels
• RF tags
• GPS capability
Container
• Bar code & 2D labels
• Optical cards, tags, labels
• RF tags
Pallet
• Bar code & 2D labels
• Optical cards, tags
• RF tags
© North River Consulting Group
Multipack
• Bar code, 2D labels
• Optical cards, tags
• Embedded RF tags
Part
• Bar code, 2D label
• Inscribed part #
• Embedded RF tags
USDOT Intermodal Freight Steering Group, April 29, 1999
51
IT System
1) Freight Identification
：Data Recognition Technology
Commodity Codes
2) Label
：Slip Label
Items Label
Transport Unit Label
3) Information Data
: Order Data
Transport/Inventory Data
Preliminary Shipment Information
4) Transport
：ITS (Intelligent Transport System)
AIS (Automated Identification System)
52
Seamless Inter-modal Transport
Sea
Route
Planning
Harbor
Facility
Planning
Port
Facility
Planning
Port EDI
Customs clearance, quarantine
Trading (Ordering, Delivery info)
Cargo (Logistic process, quality control)
Cargo management
(demand, quality)
AIS (Automatic
Identification System)
Route management
Traffic management
(congestion, accident)
Sea route management
(weather conditions)
Cargo management
(demand, quality)
Traffic Management
System
Cargo loading info
Vehicle allocation
Vehicle service info
Urban
Transport
Planning
EDI
Trading
(Ordering info)
(Delivery info)
Cargo(Process quality
control)
Cargo tracing
(location, time)
ITS
(Intelligent Transport
System)
Route management
Traffic information
(congestion, accident)
Road traffic information
(road conditions)
53
Loading and Material-Handling Technology
1) Unit-Load System
Pallet ： 1100 x 1100 (Korea, Japan)
1200 x 800 (Europe)
48 x 40 Inch (US) (1219 x 1016)
Container ： 40ft (Worldwide Standard)
12 ft, 31ft (Japan Rail)
2) Inter-Modal System (RORO, LOLO)
Connection of Transportation：
Rail, Road, Sea, Air
Train, Truck, Ship, Airplane
Consistency of Quality (Cold Chain)：
Cold Vehicles (mode), Cold Centers (node)
Standard of Quality
3) Specialization
Special Truck, Special Container Ship, Special Air Craft
54
Example of Pallets
JIS Z 0601 T11R2
150
150
33
33
120
120
120
120
34
34
33
33
120
120
33
33
120
120
34
34
120
120
33
33
150
150
144
22
100
22
50
475
50
475
・Australia 1165× 1165mm
・Canada, Mexico 1200× 1000 mm
(ECR Singapore)
・Europe 1200× 800 mm
・US 48× 40 Inch
(1219× 1016 mm)
50
1100
http://www.jpr.co.jp/pallet/24.htm
・11 Type（1100mm× 1100mm）
Foods, etc.
・9 Type（900mm× 1100mm）
Beer, Alcohols
・14 Type（1400mm× 1100mm）
Rice, Chemistry
55
Example of Container -1ISO Container
Domestics standard
JR Freight Container
source：Hitachi Logistics
JR Rail Container
12ft 3642*2270mm(3300*2200)
15ft 4552*2318(4400*2200)
56
Example of Container -2JR Container (JR: Japan Railway)
: From Shanghai to Japan (Sea route)
Source：Mitsubishi Electronic
57
High-tech Logistics Equipments (ex: Top Lifter)
58
6. Japanese Practices in Logistics
HRD (Human Resource Development)
(1) Aim and Target of LIJS System
JILS ( Japan Institute of Logistics Systems
)
( related to Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry )
Aim : Instruct Logistics Management
Target : Executive ( Logistics Senior Master )
Manager ( Logistics Master )
New Recruit ( Assistant logistics Master )
System: Course Lecture with Test (General Test)
59
(2) Contents of JILS System
1. History of J ILS and Organization
Establishing body:
Japan Management Association
Japan Physical Distribution
Management Association
Established in Oct. 30, 1970
Establishing body:
Japan Productivity Center
(as of Japan Productivity Center for
Socio-Economic Development)
Japanese Council of
Physical Distribution
Management
Established in Nov. 10, 1970
Japan Logistics
Management Association
Renamed in Apr. 1, 1991
Council of Logistics
Management
Renamed in Nov.,1990
Japan Institute of Logistics Systems
Established in Jun. 10, 1992
Supervisory authority:
Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry
Commerce and Information Policy
Bureau
Director-General for Policy Planning,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and
Transport
60
社団法人日本ロジスティクスシステム協会 組織図
Japan
Institute of Logistics Systems
Organization Map
Organization
総 Assembly
会
General
General Assembly
Green
Green
Logistics
Logistics
Promotion Center
Promotion Center
Chubu Branch Steering
Committee
中 部 支 部
ロジスティクス
関 西 支 部
環境推進センター
普及開発部
人材教育部
会員組織部
総 務 部
Ｊ Ｉ Ｌ Ｓ
General Affairs
General Affairs
Kansai Branch Steering
Committee
その他専門委員会
Other
Expert Committees
Other Expert Committees
Kansai Branch
Kansai Branch
事務局長
Secretary
General
Secretary General
Logistics Promotion
LogisticsDept.
Promotion
Dept.
Executive常務理事
Vice President
Executive Vice President
Members/Public Relations
会員・広報委員会
Members/Public
CommitteeRelations
能 力 Committee
開 発Building
委員会
Capacity
Capacity
Building
調査研究委員会
Committee
Committee
九州ロジスティクス委員会
Research
Study Committee
Research
StudyCommittee
Committee
Kyushu
Logistics
Kyushu Logistics Committee
Human Resource
Human Resource
Development
Dept.
Development Dept.
Senior Executive Vice
Senior
Executive Vice
専務理事
President
President
Membership
MembershipDept.
Organization
Organization Dept.
Headquarters Steering
本部運営委員会
Headquarters
CommitteeSteering
Committee
総合研究所
･Headquarters Steering Committee
･Kansai Branch Steering Committee
･Chubu Branch Steering Committee
･Members/Public Relations Committee
･Capacity-Building Committee
･Research Study Committee
･Kyushu Logistics Committee
会
長
Chairman
Chairman
会 長
Vice副
Chairman
Vice
Chairman
常任理事
Executive
Director
Executive Director
JILS Research
JILS Research
Center
Center
● Organization
Managed by seven committees
監 事
Secretaries
Secretaries
中部支部運営委員会
Number of board members: 45 (+2 secretaries)
Number of full-time officers and employees: 30
理事会
Executive
Board
Executive Board
関西支部運営委員会
・Senior Executive Vice President:
Masato Tokuda
・Managing Director/Secretary General:
Toshio Takahama
顧 問
Advisor
Advisor
Chubu Branch
Chubu Branch
● Composition of the board
Chairman: Akio Mimura
(Representative Director and President,
Nippon Steel Corp.)
61
2. Activities of J ILS – (1) Purpose and Characteristics
Logistics System is:
“Function of the comprehensive
management of transportation, storage,
packaging, etc., in conjunction with
procurement, production, and sales in
order to facilitate the distribution of
commodities.”
Activities of JILS
Research, Promotion, and
Training of Human in the area of Logistics
Systems
Characteristics of JILS
National Center of Logistics Systems
Inter-industrial info and knowledge exchange in Logistics
Discussions between Shippers, Transporters, and Academicians of equal status
Contribution to the development
of the nation’s industry and
improvement of people’s life and
the international community
Increase Productivity
Overcome External
Diseconomy
62
2. Activities of J ILS –
(2) Dem ographics and Mem ber Services
1) Industry Distribution
Industries
2) Geographic Distribution
%
Trucking companies &
Warehousing companies
32%
Manufacturer
28%
Logistics Subsidiaries of
Shippers
12%
IT & Consultants
9%
Retailers & Wholesalers
9%
Others
10%
Member No.: 1,024 Firms registered
(as of Mar. 31, 2006)
Kanto
593
Kyushu
44
Kansai
205
Other
36
Chubu
146
Total
1,024
3) Member Services
・Info exchange among industries
・
New Year Receptions (Tokyo, Nagoya,
Osaka, and Fukuoka)
・Group Study Sessions (Tokyo, Nagoya,
Osaka, and Fukuoka)
・
Publication of By Monthly Magazine
“Logistics Systems” (6 publications/year)
・
Providing Information (mail magazine
and other media)
・
Database
・
Priority entry to JILS hosted exhibitions
・Granting privileges to members for
use of JILS resource, etc.
63
2. Activities of J ILS – (3) Activities
Logistics
Logistics
Promotion
Promotion
Human
Human
Resource
Resource
Development
Development
International
International
Exchanges
Exchanges
Business activities of JILS
Green
Green
Logistics
Logistics
Promotion
Promotion
Center
Center
JILS
JILS
Research
Research
Center
Center
Regional
Regional
Activity
Activity
64
3. Outline of Certified system for Logistics
in J apan
Qu alificatio n s ys te m o f th e J a p a n In s titu te o f Lo gis tics Sys te m s
[Qualification]
(1) Certified Logistics Senior
Master
(2) Certified Logistics Master
(3) Certified Assistant Logistics
Master
[Course name]
[Intended participants]
(1) Certified Logistics
Senior Master
・Executives and prospective executives
・Department head level, prospective department head
level
・Those who have business experience of three years or
more after being certified
as a Certified Logistics Master or a Certified
International Logistics Master
(2) Certified Logistics
Master
・Middle managers of logistics-related division
・Those with two years or more of work experience related
to logistics or qualification as the Certified Assistant
Logistics Master
(3) Schooling for
Certified Assistant
Logistics Master
*Taking the schooling requires
completion of either I or II
described in the right column.
・New recruit or newly appointed person
・Person engaged in practical business and wish to learn
the basics of logistics
・Person who has completed I or II below
Ⅰ. New Logistics Management Course [Correspondence
course of the Sanno Institute of Management]
Ⅱ. Basic Course in logistics [held by the Institute]
65
Qualification system of J ILS
Executives
Certified Logistics Senior Master
Middle managers
Certified Logistics Master
Certified Assistant Logistics Master
New recruit
Newly appointed person
66
Unit Com position of Certified Logistics Master Course
[Pre-meeting] Overnight camping training (2days)
13:00–15:40
15:40–21:00
9:30–16:30
1. Opening ceremony/orientation
2. Discovery and solution of problems (group discussion)
3. Presentation and feedback
[Unit 1] Physical Distribution and Logistics (1day)
10:00–12:30
13:30–15:00
15:10–16:40
1. Development from physical distribution to logistics
2. Customer service in logistics
3. Need for standardization in logistics
[Unit 2] Transportation/Distribution Management (2days)
9:30–14:20
14:30–16:30
16:40–17:40
9:30–16:30
1. Characteristics of transportation modes
2. Legal system (Three logistics-related laws and regulations) and the response to it
3. Transportation/distribution management and freight tracking using IT
(1)Transportation/distribution management using IT
3. Transportation/distribution management and freight tracking using IT
(2) Freight tracking using IT
4. Construction and evaluation of a transportation/distribution system
[Unit 3] Logistics Facilities Management (2days)
9:30–16:30
9:30–11:00
11:10–12:40
13:30–16:30
1. Logistics facilities strategy
2. Layout techniques of the logistics facilities
3. IT utilization for the logistics facilities
4. Functions and characteristics of various material handling equipment
5. Productivity and quality management at logistics facilities
[Unit 4] Packaging (1day)
9:30–16:30
1. Basics of packaging
2. Concept of packaging
3. Packaging design
67
Unit Com position of Certified Logistics Master Course
[Unit 5] Information Technology in Physical Distribution (1day)
9:30–14:50
15:00–16:30
1. Utilization of information technology in physical distribution
(1)Purpose/role/composition/function of information systems in physical distribution
1. Utilization of information technology in physical distribution
(2)Standardization of information in physical distribution and logistics
[Unit 6] Scientific Management Technique (2days)
9:30–17:30
1. Introduction to scientific management technique
9:30–16:30
2. Improvement techniques of logistics sites
[Unit 7] Exercise of Designing a Physical Distribution System (2days)
9:30–10:30
11:00–18:30
9:00–16:30
Objective examination of the first half
1. How to proceed with system design– Basics of physical distribution improvement techniques
2. Group exercise based on case study
[Unit 8] Cost Management of Physical Distribution (2days)
9:30–12:30
13:30–16:30
9:30–16:30
1. Introduction to logistics cost
2. Physical distribution ABC
3. Cost computation for logistics
[Unit 9] Supply Chain Management (1day)
9:30–12:30
13:30–15:20
15:30–16:30
1. Introduction to SCM
2. Techniques to improve CS
3. Physical distribution outsourcing and concept of 3PL
3. Physical distribution and examples of 3PL
[Unit 10] Inventory Management (1day)
9:30–12:30
13:30–15:00
15:10–16:40
1. SCM and inventory
2. Inventory management technique
3. Examples of inventory management
68
Unit Com position of Certified Logistics Master Course
[Unit 11] Logistics and the Environment (1day)
9:30–15:20
15:30–16:30
1. Global environmental problems and recycling-oriented society
2. Waste Management Law and other laws
3. Reverse logistics and actual state of industrial waste
4. Eco-business in logistics
5. Green logistics
6. Efforts to reduce environmental burden in companies
[Unit 12] Government/ Global Risk (1day)
9:30–11:05
11:15–12:45
13:45–15:50
16:00–17:00
17:00–17:30
1. Government trend: relation between logistics and the government
2. Global logistics
3. Risk management in logistics
(1) Concept of risk management
3. Risk management in logistics
(2) Utilization of insurance
Themes of essay examination will be presented.
[Unit 13] Comprehensive Exercise and Add-up (2days)
9:30–10:30
11:00–12:00
13:00–18:00
Objective examination of the last half
1. Basic technique of logistics consulting
2. Reconstruction of a logistics system (Orientation/Group exercise)
9:30–16:40
3. Reconstruction of a logistics system (Group exercise/Presentation)
4. Add-up
Oral examination (1day)
9:30–17:00
*About 15 minutes/person
Abilities Development Committee,
Certified Logistics Master Committee
Certificate conferment ceremony (1day)
15:00–17:30
Certificate conferment ceremony, social hour
69
Photo of Lecture
70
Num bers of Certified Logistics Masters
Number qualified (histogram)
Cumulative total (sequential line)
10000
600
9000
Number qualified
Cumulative total
500
8000
7000
400
6000
5000
300
4000
200
3000
2000
100
1000
0
0
'71 '72 '73 '74 '75 '76 '77 '78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05
The Logistics Master/Physical Distribution Consultant
Held twice a year
Held three times a year
Certified Logistics Master
Held four times a year
Held five times a year
71
7. Harmonization for Modern Logistics
a) Logistics Infrastructure and Institution System
b) Logistics Technology System
c) Human Resource Development
Without harmonization, it is impossible to be
more efficient in Logistics, due to unbalance
Level of
Efficiency
Technology
Transport, Storage, Package, Handling
Quality
Tech., Facility, Environment, Info.
Factors
Market, Cost, Risk, Infra.
Public ＆ Private Infra. Institution, Technology, HRD
Each Country
A
B C
D
Transport, Storage, Package, Handling
Tech., Facility, Environment, Info.
Market, Cost, Risk, Infra.
Infra. Institution, Technology, HRD
A
B C D
Thank you very much,
H.KUSE
72
12 May 2008
Role of Public and Private Sector
for Modern Logistics
Prof. Dr. Hirohito KUSE
Tokyo Univ. of Marine Science and Technology
2-1-6, Etchujima, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8533, Japan
Tel/Fax 81-3-5245-7369
kuse@kaiyodai.ac.jp
http://www2.kaiyodai.ac.jp/~kuse~
1
Index
1. Transport System and Logistics
2. From Physical Distribution
To Logistics and SCM
3. Characteristics of Modern Logistics
4. Role of Public Sector for Modern Logistics
5. Role of Private Sector for Modern Logistics
6. Japanese Practices in Logistics HRD
(Human Resource Development)
7. Harmonization for Modern Logistics
2
1. Transport System and Logistics
Tree Types of Transportation
Origin
(Mode)
Pick up
(Node)
(Link)
Delivery
(Node)
Destination
Transport
Mode
• truck
Node
•
•
•
•
Ports
Rail station
Airports
Terminal
Node
Link
•
•
•
•
Ship and sea route
Rail and railway
Plane and air route
Truck and road
•
•
•
•
Ports
Rail station
Airports
Terminal
Mode
• truck
3
Inter-Urban, Intra- Urban, District Transport
Inter-urban transport
Intra-urban transport
District transport
Length
Pattern
long trip
one to one, transport
short trip
many to one, pick-up
one to many, delivery
parking
loading and unloading
Link
Node
transport, load
storage, assemble, pack
transport, load
storage, assemble, pack
transport, load
Private
Public
Network
factory, warehouse, center
port, air port, terminal
road, sea route, air route
distribution center,
distribution estate
intra-city network
shop, office, house
parking facility
district street & avenue
4
Physical Distribution and Freight Transport
Production
Money Flow , Ordering
Logistics
Distribution
Physical Distribution
Commodity Flow
Consumption
Freight Transport
Goods Movement
Transport
Person Trip
Urban Planning
Freight Truck Movement
Land Use
5
Commercial Trade and Physical Distribution
Commercial
Trade
Physical Distribution
Ordering, Finance,
Information
Transport, Storage,
Assembling, Package,
Handling, Information
Transference
Property and Money
Space and Time
Principle
Expansion principle
(far, high, many)
Reduction principle
(near, cheep, few)
Industry
Shipper
(producer, wholesaler,
retailer, consumer)
Logistics
(carrier, service provider)
Demand
Origin Demand
Derived Demand
Contents
6
Logistics Functions
FUNCTION
CONTENTS
TRANSPORT
Transport
Pick-Up
Delivery
long trip, line haul, traffic function, one to one
short trip, area, access function, many to one
short trip, area, ingress function, one to many
STORAGE AND DEPOSIT
Storage
Deposit
long time inventory
short time inventory
ASSEMBLING
Handling
Processing
Assembling
check, sorting, stock, picking, allotment
construction, slice, cutting, measurement
price tagging, unitization, packing
PACKAGING, WRAPPING
Packaging
Wrapping
for transport and inventory
for marketing
CARGO HANDLING
Loading
Unloading
Handling
from facility to transport mode
from transportation mode to facility
replacement, reshipment, material handling
INFORMATION
Physical Distribution
Commercial Trade
quantity control : cargo tracing, inventory control
quality control : temperature, humidity
handling management : sorting machine, picking system
placing and receiving order : POS, EOS, VAN, EDI
financing : banking on-line system, EDI
7
Three Types of Logistics
1) Supply chain logistics
2) Lead-time logistics
3) Logistics of procurement, production and selling
8
2. From Physical Distribution to
Logistics and SCM
From Physical Distribution to Logistics
Level 0
Pre-physical distribution: transport, storage, packaging, cargo
handling, assembly, physical distribution information were separate
and independent
Level 1
Physical distribution: Formation of physical distribution system
with the above six functions in an organized state
Level 2
Business logistics: Coordination of procurement (distribution
supply), production management and product distribution systems
Level 3
Supply chain logistics: Formation of inter-company partnership in
logistics
Level 4
Social logistics: Balancing of business activity and social needs for
harmonization with the environment
9
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Business Logistics
SCM
Social Logistics
【Past 】
【Present 】
【Future 】
Physical Distribution
Future in Logistics
10
Historical Change of Transport System in Japan
Period
Logistics function
Transport Planning
Transport System
1st period
post war
-1965
simple function
(material handling)
coastal ship / port ,
railway / freight station
loading machine
specialized vehicle
2nd period
1965
−1975
intra-company system
production logistics
railway / station ,
line haul / truck terminal
line haul network
line haul terminal
3rd period
1975
−1985
company group
marketing & logistics
intra-urban transport
/ terminal, depot
home-delivery service
JIT (just in time)
4th period
1985
−1995
inter-company system
product-sales system
intra-urban logistics
/ distribution center, depot
loading facility
cooperation delivery
5th period
1995
−now
inter-company network
integration of
production-logistics
intra-urban, district
logistics
/ logistics center
inter-company system
execution / integration
11
Historical Change of Transport Planning in Japan
1st period
2nd period
4th period
3rd period
5th period
12
Concept of SCM : Supply Chain Management
•
Supply chains are intended to optimize the efficiency in the chain
of supply, linking merchandise and product suppliers to
consumers.
• Within a company, a supply chaindenotes a chain of processes
from development, procurement, production, transport and
selling.
• An inter-enterprise supply chain means a chain of suppliers,
manufacturers, distributors (wholesalers), retailers and
consumers.
13
Concept of JIT : Just In Time
•
If we define logistics as an activity to supply the necessary
goods and materials of the right quality in the right quantities to
the right place at the right time at the right cost.
• JIT (Just In Time) is a technique used to reach this goal
• JIT in the shop floor means supplying the necessary parts of the
required quality in the necessary quantities to the appropriate
place at the appropriate time.
14
3. Characteristics of Modern Logistics
Integration of Production and Distribution
（ factory/warehouse ）（warehouse/distribution center ） （shop/ office/house ）
production
（factory ）
storage/distribution
consumption
）distribution center ）（shop ）
（warehouse （
node
node
node
storage
mode node
link
one process of logistics
node
receiving order
placing order
assemble
（home ）
node
node
storage
assemble
mode
unload
production
package
load
transport
unload
production
package
load
link
15
Logistics System and Logistics Infrastructure
Logistics system
Finance Information
Finance System
Trade Information
Trade System
Freight Information
Freight Management System
Truck Information
Truck Operation System
Road Information
Road Management System
Facility
Technology
Institution
Logistics infrastructure
High Value-added Commodity （case of Lunch box）
high value-added process
assemble
soft and high
technology
process
cook
bake
mill
Lunch box
lunch
sandwich
high value-added
commodity
bread
flour
legend
wheat
technology
Examples
material
1) wheat → flour → bread → sandwich → lunch box
2) cotton → thread → fabric → dress → attire → brand
3) disk drive → PC → PC with software → PC ready for use
4) cups → full set of cups → contained in fancy box → gift set
5) cabbage → halved → fine cutting → salad → cabbage salad
commodity
17
High Value-added Logistics （case of Transport）
high value-added process
production
soft and high
technology
management
inventory
scheduling
loading
SCM
logistics
transport and
inventory
JIT delivery
high value-added
logistics
delivery
transport
legend
management technology
new concept
P.D. technology
Examples
1) transport → delivery → JIT → logistics → SCM
2) disk drive → PC → PC with software → PC ready for use
assembling packaging wrapping delivery
18
Logistics Function and Value-added Activity
Logistics Function
Handling
Processing
and
Assembling
Value-added Activity
blend rice
inspection of china, price tagging
sorting commodity according to quality
Processing
steel cutting
computer assembling, soft-installing
checking, pressing of clothes
Assembling
sorting vegetables in a box
packing manuals in a case
checking of goods, price tagging
Packaging
put ice to keep fishes fresh
put a price tag, package and wrap
Packaging
Wrapping
wrap with ribbon
towel folding
19
Logistics Function and Value-added Activity
Logistics Function
Value-added Activity
Time
Transport
and
Delivery
Cost
Quality
ordering, production, delivery time
efficient loading-unloading system
optimum rote choice and operation
transport, load-unload and inventory cost
assembling and production cost
institutional cost
handling and packaging system
cold chain system
cargo tracing system by GPS and RFID
Three T’s
1) time (lead time)
2) temperature (quality)
3) tolerance (damage)
20
What is a Major Issue in Modern Logistics ?
Logistics System
Time
Cost
Place
Quantity
Quality
How to keep the lead time ?
(Work control, Production control)
How to reduce the cost ?
(Supply control, Production Control, Inventory control)
How to trace the cargo ?
(Integrated Information system with EDI, ITS, RFID)
How to apply the demand ?
(Demand forecasting, Production & Inventory control)
How to keep the quality ?
(Package system, Loading system, Container system)
Logistics Infrastructure System
Soft (Operation)
Hard (Civil Work)
Information network (schedule, accident, package)
Institutional system (fare system, capacity of wagon)
Improvement of Railway, Wagon, Yard, Terminal, etc..
Introducing of Loading Machine, pallet, container
21
Examples of Major Issues in Inter-Modal transport
Node
Port
Terminal
Link
Rail transport
Pick-up
Activity
Custom
ICD
unload/
load
delivery
unload/
load
5 Rights for Logistics
Time
Cost
Place
Quantity
Quality
Scheduling
Port EDI
Vehicle Routing
Capacity Control Inventory Control
Material Handling
Package
Time Schedule
Loading Ratio / Fare
Cargo Tracing
Vehicle Routing
Capacity Control Inventory Control
Damage Control
Material Handling
Soft and Hard of Logistics Infrastructure
Operation
Pick-up order
Civil Work
Port
Loading
Access road Terminal
Schedule / Capacity Unloading
Speed Control
Railway / Wagon Depot Road
Bridge / Tunnel
22
Factors affecting global location strategy
Company’s Profits
（Sale − Cost）
Market
Domestic
Export
Cost
Production
Distribution
Circumstances
Risk
Risk
Political
Economic
Social
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Facility
Technology
Institute, etc
23
Considerations for Global Logistics
Market
① Recipient’s domestic market
② Foreign export market
Cost
① Production cost
② Distribution cost
(material, labor, operation)
(physical distribution cost)
Risk
① Political risk (war, battle, strike, conflict…)
② Economic risk (financial difficulty, exchange fluctuation…)
③ Social risk
(accident, crime, disease, disaster…)
Infrastructure
① Facility
② Technology
③ Institutional
(hard, soft)
(human resource, logistics information)
(law, policy, custom)
24
4. Role of Public Sector for Modern Logistics
Logistics Infrastructure and Institution System
1) Transport Policy
Hard = Road, Rail (Link), Port, Terminal (Node),
Truck, Ship, Locomotive (Mode)
Soft
= Less Traffic Jam, Traffic Regulation
Support Inter-Modal Transport
2) Institution Planning
Law and Policy = Regulation, Labor Contract
Custom = Procedure, Clearance System
3) Human Resource
Logistics Management Skill, Planning Skill
25
Infrastructure and Institution System (Public)
Board
Foreign
Domestic
Co. A
Co. C
Co. B
Business
Stage
Management
of
Status
Activity
In a Company
Inter-Company
Center
International
Port
Port
Center
Cooperation of Logistics Facility
and Coordination of Regulation
26
Transport Network in ASEAN Region
27
Land Transport Network
28
Time and Cost of Transport
How to
shorten time
Transport (Road only)
Cost
How to
reduce cost
Node
Port
Link
Activity
Terminal
Rail transport
Pick-up
Custom
unload/
load
Time
ICD
delivery
unload/
load
Transport (Rail + Road)
TDM
Soft
Countermeasure
Hard
Countermeasure
Public Sector
Private Sector
Space
Establishment of
Logistics Estate
Truck Route
ITS
Separation of Commercial trade
and Freight transport
Time
Night Time Delivery
Facility
Entry Control
Truck Time Plan
Delivery Time Control
Demand
Control
New Freight Transport
Car System
High Load Factor
Traffic
(Pocket Loading)
Traffic
Control
Trip
Establishment of
Freight Depot
Road pricing
Using Large Trucks
Cooperation Delivery
Vehicle Routing
30
Countermeasures for Lead time Logistics
node
link
Ordering System
Production-Logistics System
node
Receiving System
Delivery System
Facility
Logistics Center
Road Network
Receiving Facility
Logistics
Function
storage/load/information/
assemble/package and
production
transport
loading and unloading
Countermeasure
mechanization
automation
commercial trade
separation of trade and
goods flow
cooperation/execution/
integration
mechanization
automation
parking lot and facility
31
A
B
C
D
A
Near IC
Logistics Estate
Inter-Modal
Near Seaside
IC
IC
D
(1) Logistics Facility
Road Network
Seaside
IC
Rail
B
IC
C
Industry Estate
IC
32
source：KIFT (Korea Integrated Freight Terminal co. Ltd.)
Near IC (Kun-po, Korea)
Pamphlet
33
source：Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 1985
Logistics Estate (Iidabashi, Japan)
34
From Facility
C
B
(2) Road Network
C
A
A
A
A
To District Area
A
B
C
Optimization of Traffic Cell
Truck Route
Separation Freight transport from Person trip
35
: Tr uck r out e
source：Taniguchi, Nemoto (1999)
Truck Route (Amsterdam)
36
Truck Ban (Manila)
No cargo truck shall be
allowed to pass.
6:00∼21:00 (EDSA)
6:00∼9:00, 17:00∼21:00
(10 major routes)
everyday (except Sat., Sun.,
and holidays)
37
Allowance within 20 minutes for Loading
Red Route （
London）
38
Hanoi
Entrance Prohibition
Wuxi (China)
39
From Network
(3) District Logistics
C
A
B
C
A
A Planning for District Logistics (Building, Zone)
B Hard countermeasure (Loading/Unloading Facility)
C Soft countermeasure (Cooperative Delivery System)
40
source : Tokyo metropolitan government 1985
Urban Space without Freight Truck
41
Sorts of loading/unloading Facility
⑩
on the ground
④
①
⑧
⑥
⑨
⑦
③
underground
⑤
②
⑪
public facility
road
：①
road
：④
public facility
private premise ：⑥
：⑧
building
between buildings：⑪
beside road
on the ground
on the ground
on the ground
underpass
building
②
⑤
⑦
⑨
underground
underground
underground
underground
private premise
③ below a overpass
⑩ conveyance facility
42
Hukuoka, Japan
Coin Parking (Idling Stop)
Loading/unloading Facility on Road side
43
Loading/unloading Facility using Public Facility
Using Public Parking Facility
(Shinjuku, Japan)
Using the underpass as the
entrance of parking Facility
(Zurich, Swiss)
44
On the Ground
(Hukuoka, Japan)
Underground
(Shinakawa, Japan)
Loading/unloading Facility in Private Premise
45
On the Ground
(Sapporo, Japan)
Underground
(Yokohama, Japan)
Loading/unloading Facility in Building
46
Parking
Road
Parking
Passage
underpass
underpass
Subway
underground
on the ground
Underpass for Truck in Shiodome Area
47
Underpass for Truck in Shinakawa Area
48
5. Role of Private Sector for Modern Logistics
Logistics Technology System
1) IT
Label, Data
Cargo Tracing, Freight Identification,
2) Logistics Technology
Unit-load System, Standardization,
Inter-Modal Transport, Cold-chain System,
Specialization, Modern Facility System
3) Human Resource
Labor Skill, Management Skill,
(Shipper : Manufacturer, Wholesaler, Retailer)
(Carrier : Transport, Warehouse, Forwarder)
49
Logistics Technology System (Private)
Board
Domestic
Co. A
Co. B
Foreign
Co. C
Business
Stage
Management
of
Status
Activity
In a Company
Inter-Company
International
Standardization of Information Activity
and Technology
50
Freight Identification
Conveyance
• Bar code & 2D labels
• RF tags
• GPS capability
Container
• Bar code & 2D labels
• Optical cards, tags, labels
• RF tags
Pallet
• Bar code & 2D labels
• Optical cards, tags
• RF tags
© North River Consulting Group
Multipack
• Bar code, 2D labels
• Optical cards, tags
• Embedded RF tags
Part
• Bar code, 2D label
• Inscribed part #
• Embedded RF tags
USDOT Intermodal Freight Steering Group, April 29, 1999
51
IT System
1) Freight Identification
：Data Recognition Technology
Commodity Codes
2) Label
：Slip Label
Items Label
Transport Unit Label
3) Information Data
: Order Data
Transport/Inventory Data
Preliminary Shipment Information
4) Transport
：ITS (Intelligent Transport System)
AIS (Automated Identification System)
52
Seamless Inter-modal Transport
Sea
Route
Planning
Harbor
Facility
Planning
Port
Facility
Planning
Port EDI
Customs clearance, quarantine
Trading (Ordering, Delivery info)
Cargo (Logistic process, quality control)
Cargo management
(demand, quality)
AIS (Automatic
Identification System)
Route management
Traffic management
(congestion, accident)
Sea route management
(weather conditions)
Cargo management
(demand, quality)
Traffic Management
System
Cargo loading info
Vehicle allocation
Vehicle service info
Urban
Transport
Planning
EDI
Trading
(Ordering info)
(Delivery info)
Cargo(Process quality
control)
Cargo tracing
(location, time)
ITS
(Intelligent Transport
System)
Route management
Traffic information
(congestion, accident)
Road traffic information
(road conditions)
53
Loading and Material-Handling Technology
1) Unit-Load System
Pallet ： 1100 x 1100 (Korea, Japan)
1200 x 800 (Europe)
48 x 40 Inch (US) (1219 x 1016)
Container ： 40ft (Worldwide Standard)
12 ft, 31ft (Japan Rail)
2) Inter-Modal System (RORO, LOLO)
Connection of Transportation：
Rail, Road, Sea, Air
Train, Truck, Ship, Airplane
Consistency of Quality (Cold Chain)：
Cold Vehicles (mode), Cold Centers (node)
Standard of Quality
3) Specialization
Special Truck, Special Container Ship, Special Air Craft
54
Example of Pallets
JIS Z 0601 T11R2
150
150
33
33
120
120
120
120
34
34
33
33
120
120
33
33
120
120
34
34
120
120
33
33
150
150
144
22
100
22
50
475
50
475
・Australia 1165× 1165mm
・Canada, Mexico 1200× 1000 mm
(ECR Singapore)
・Europe 1200× 800 mm
・US 48× 40 Inch
(1219× 1016 mm)
50
1100
http://www.jpr.co.jp/pallet/24.htm
・11 Type（1100mm× 1100mm）
Foods, etc.
・9 Type（900mm× 1100mm）
Beer, Alcohols
・14 Type（1400mm× 1100mm）
Rice, Chemistry
55
Example of Container -1ISO Container
Domestics standard
JR Freight Container
source：Hitachi Logistics
JR Rail Container
12ft 3642*2270mm(3300*2200)
15ft 4552*2318(4400*2200)
56
Example of Container -2JR Container (JR: Japan Railway)
: From Shanghai to Japan (Sea route)
Source：Mitsubishi Electronic
57
High-tech Logistics Equipments (ex: Top Lifter)
58
6. Japanese Practices in Logistics
HRD (Human Resource Development)
(1) Aim and Target of LIJS System
JILS ( Japan Institute of Logistics Systems
)
( related to Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry )
Aim : Instruct Logistics Management
Target : Executive ( Logistics Senior Master )
Manager ( Logistics Master )
New Recruit ( Assistant logistics Master )
System: Course Lecture with Test (General Test)
59
(2) Contents of JILS System
1. History of J ILS and Organization
Establishing body:
Japan Management Association
Japan Physical Distribution
Management Association
Established in Oct. 30, 1970
Establishing body:
Japan Productivity Center
(as of Japan Productivity Center for
Socio-Economic Development)
Japanese Council of
Physical Distribution
Management
Established in Nov. 10, 1970
Japan Logistics
Management Association
Renamed in Apr. 1, 1991
Council of Logistics
Management
Renamed in Nov.,1990
Japan Institute of Logistics Systems
Established in Jun. 10, 1992
Supervisory authority:
Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry
Commerce and Information Policy
Bureau
Director-General for Policy Planning,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and
Transport
60
社団法人日本ロジスティクスシステム協会 組織図
Japan
Institute of Logistics Systems
Organization Map
Organization
総 Assembly
会
General
General Assembly
Green
Green
Logistics
Logistics
Promotion Center
Promotion Center
Chubu Branch Steering
Committee
中 部 支 部
ロジスティクス
関 西 支 部
環境推進センター
普及開発部
人材教育部
会員組織部
総 務 部
Ｊ Ｉ Ｌ Ｓ
General Affairs
General Affairs
Kansai Branch Steering
Committee
その他専門委員会
Other
Expert Committees
Other Expert Committees
Kansai Branch
Kansai Branch
事務局長
Secretary
General
Secretary General
Logistics Promotion
LogisticsDept.
Promotion
Dept.
Executive常務理事
Vice President
Executive Vice President
Members/Public Relations
会員・広報委員会
Members/Public
CommitteeRelations
能 力 Committee
開 発Building
委員会
Capacity
Capacity
Building
調査研究委員会
Committee
Committee
九州ロジスティクス委員会
Research
Study Committee
Research
StudyCommittee
Committee
Kyushu
Logistics
Kyushu Logistics Committee
Human Resource
Human Resource
Development
Dept.
Development Dept.
Senior Executive Vice
Senior
Executive Vice
専務理事
President
President
Membership
MembershipDept.
Organization
Organization Dept.
Headquarters Steering
本部運営委員会
Headquarters
CommitteeSteering
Committee
総合研究所
･Headquarters Steering Committee
･Kansai Branch Steering Committee
･Chubu Branch Steering Committee
･Members/Public Relations Committee
･Capacity-Building Committee
･Research Study Committee
･Kyushu Logistics Committee
会
長
Chairman
Chairman
会 長
Vice副
Chairman
Vice
Chairman
常任理事
Executive
Director
Executive Director
JILS Research
JILS Research
Center
Center
● Organization
Managed by seven committees
監 事
Secretaries
Secretaries
中部支部運営委員会
Number of board members: 45 (+2 secretaries)
Number of full-time officers and employees: 30
理事会
Executive
Board
Executive Board
関西支部運営委員会
・Senior Executive Vice President:
Masato Tokuda
・Managing Director/Secretary General:
Toshio Takahama
顧 問
Advisor
Advisor
Chubu Branch
Chubu Branch
● Composition of the board
Chairman: Akio Mimura
(Representative Director and President,
Nippon Steel Corp.)
61
2. Activities of J ILS – (1) Purpose and Characteristics
Logistics System is:
“Function of the comprehensive
management of transportation, storage,
packaging, etc., in conjunction with
procurement, production, and sales in
order to facilitate the distribution of
commodities.”
Activities of JILS
Research, Promotion, and
Training of Human in the area of Logistics
Systems
Characteristics of JILS
National Center of Logistics Systems
Inter-industrial info and knowledge exchange in Logistics
Discussions between Shippers, Transporters, and Academicians of equal status
Contribution to the development
of the nation’s industry and
improvement of people’s life and
the international community
Increase Productivity
Overcome External
Diseconomy
62
2. Activities of J ILS –
(2) Dem ographics and Mem ber Services
1) Industry Distribution
Industries
2) Geographic Distribution
%
Trucking companies &
Warehousing companies
32%
Manufacturer
28%
Logistics Subsidiaries of
Shippers
12%
IT & Consultants
9%
Retailers & Wholesalers
9%
Others
10%
Member No.: 1,024 Firms registered
(as of Mar. 31, 2006)
Kanto
593
Kyushu
44
Kansai
205
Other
36
Chubu
146
Total
1,024
3) Member Services
・Info exchange among industries
・
New Year Receptions (Tokyo, Nagoya,
Osaka, and Fukuoka)
・Group Study Sessions (Tokyo, Nagoya,
Osaka, and Fukuoka)
・
Publication of By Monthly Magazine
“Logistics Systems” (6 publications/year)
・
Providing Information (mail magazine
and other media)
・
Database
・
Priority entry to JILS hosted exhibitions
・Granting privileges to members for
use of JILS resource, etc.
63
2. Activities of J ILS – (3) Activities
Logistics
Logistics
Promotion
Promotion
Human
Human
Resource
Resource
Development
Development
International
International
Exchanges
Exchanges
Business activities of JILS
Green
Green
Logistics
Logistics
Promotion
Promotion
Center
Center
JILS
JILS
Research
Research
Center
Center
Regional
Regional
Activity
Activity
64
3. Outline of Certified system for Logistics
in J apan
Qu alificatio n s ys te m o f th e J a p a n In s titu te o f Lo gis tics Sys te m s
[Qualification]
(1) Certified Logistics Senior
Master
(2) Certified Logistics Master
(3) Certified Assistant Logistics
Master
[Course name]
[Intended participants]
(1) Certified Logistics
Senior Master
・Executives and prospective executives
・Department head level, prospective department head
level
・Those who have business experience of three years or
more after being certified
as a Certified Logistics Master or a Certified
International Logistics Master
(2) Certified Logistics
Master
・Middle managers of logistics-related division
・Those with two years or more of work experience related
to logistics or qualification as the Certified Assistant
Logistics Master
(3) Schooling for
Certified Assistant
Logistics Master
*Taking the schooling requires
completion of either I or II
described in the right column.
・New recruit or newly appointed person
・Person engaged in practical business and wish to learn
the basics of logistics
・Person who has completed I or II below
Ⅰ. New Logistics Management Course [Correspondence
course of the Sanno Institute of Management]
Ⅱ. Basic Course in logistics [held by the Institute]
65
Qualification system of J ILS
Executives
Certified Logistics Senior Master
Middle managers
Certified Logistics Master
Certified Assistant Logistics Master
New recruit
Newly appointed person
66
Unit Com position of Certified Logistics Master Course
[Pre-meeting] Overnight camping training (2days)
13:00–15:40
15:40–21:00
9:30–16:30
1. Opening ceremony/orientation
2. Discovery and solution of problems (group discussion)
3. Presentation and feedback
[Unit 1] Physical Distribution and Logistics (1day)
10:00–12:30
13:30–15:00
15:10–16:40
1. Development from physical distribution to logistics
2. Customer service in logistics
3. Need for standardization in logistics
[Unit 2] Transportation/Distribution Management (2days)
9:30–14:20
14:30–16:30
16:40–17:40
9:30–16:30
1. Characteristics of transportation modes
2. Legal system (Three logistics-related laws and regulations) and the response to it
3. Transportation/distribution management and freight tracking using IT
(1)Transportation/distribution management using IT
3. Transportation/distribution management and freight tracking using IT
(2) Freight tracking using IT
4. Construction and evaluation of a transportation/distribution system
[Unit 3] Logistics Facilities Management (2days)
9:30–16:30
9:30–11:00
11:10–12:40
13:30–16:30
1. Logistics facilities strategy
2. Layout techniques of the logistics facilities
3. IT utilization for the logistics facilities
4. Functions and characteristics of various material handling equipment
5. Productivity and quality management at logistics facilities
[Unit 4] Packaging (1day)
9:30–16:30
1. Basics of packaging
2. Concept of packaging
3. Packaging design
67
Unit Com position of Certified Logistics Master Course
[Unit 5] Information Technology in Physical Distribution (1day)
9:30–14:50
15:00–16:30
1. Utilization of information technology in physical distribution
(1)Purpose/role/composition/function of information systems in physical distribution
1. Utilization of information technology in physical distribution
(2)Standardization of information in physical distribution and logistics
[Unit 6] Scientific Management Technique (2days)
9:30–17:30
1. Introduction to scientific management technique
9:30–16:30
2. Improvement techniques of logistics sites
[Unit 7] Exercise of Designing a Physical Distribution System (2days)
9:30–10:30
11:00–18:30
9:00–16:30
Objective examination of the first half
1. How to proceed with system design– Basics of physical distribution improvement techniques
2. Group exercise based on case study
[Unit 8] Cost Management of Physical Distribution (2days)
9:30–12:30
13:30–16:30
9:30–16:30
1. Introduction to logistics cost
2. Physical distribution ABC
3. Cost computation for logistics
[Unit 9] Supply Chain Management (1day)
9:30–12:30
13:30–15:20
15:30–16:30
1. Introduction to SCM
2. Techniques to improve CS
3. Physical distribution outsourcing and concept of 3PL
3. Physical distribution and examples of 3PL
[Unit 10] Inventory Management (1day)
9:30–12:30
13:30–15:00
15:10–16:40
1. SCM and inventory
2. Inventory management technique
3. Examples of inventory management
68
Unit Com position of Certified Logistics Master Course
[Unit 11] Logistics and the Environment (1day)
9:30–15:20
15:30–16:30
1. Global environmental problems and recycling-oriented society
2. Waste Management Law and other laws
3. Reverse logistics and actual state of industrial waste
4. Eco-business in logistics
5. Green logistics
6. Efforts to reduce environmental burden in companies
[Unit 12] Government/ Global Risk (1day)
9:30–11:05
11:15–12:45
13:45–15:50
16:00–17:00
17:00–17:30
1. Government trend: relation between logistics and the government
2. Global logistics
3. Risk management in logistics
(1) Concept of risk management
3. Risk management in logistics
(2) Utilization of insurance
Themes of essay examination will be presented.
[Unit 13] Comprehensive Exercise and Add-up (2days)
9:30–10:30
11:00–12:00
13:00–18:00
Objective examination of the last half
1. Basic technique of logistics consulting
2. Reconstruction of a logistics system (Orientation/Group exercise)
9:30–16:40
3. Reconstruction of a logistics system (Group exercise/Presentation)
4. Add-up
Oral examination (1day)
9:30–17:00
*About 15 minutes/person
Abilities Development Committee,
Certified Logistics Master Committee
Certificate conferment ceremony (1day)
15:00–17:30
Certificate conferment ceremony, social hour
69
Photo of Lecture
70
Num bers of Certified Logistics Masters
Number qualified (histogram)
Cumulative total (sequential line)
10000
600
9000
Number qualified
Cumulative total
500
8000
7000
400
6000
5000
300
4000
200
3000
2000
100
1000
0
0
'71 '72 '73 '74 '75 '76 '77 '78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05
The Logistics Master/Physical Distribution Consultant
Held twice a year
Held three times a year
Certified Logistics Master
Held four times a year
Held five times a year
71
7. Harmonization for Modern Logistics
a) Logistics Infrastructure and Institution System
b) Logistics Technology System
c) Human Resource Development
Without harmonization, it is impossible to be
more efficient in Logistics, due to unbalance
Level of
Efficiency
Technology
Transport, Storage, Package, Handling
Quality
Tech., Facility, Environment, Info.
Factors
Market, Cost, Risk, Infra.
Public ＆ Private Infra. Institution, Technology, HRD
Each Country
A
B C
D
Transport, Storage, Package, Handling
Tech., Facility, Environment, Info.
Market, Cost, Risk, Infra.
Infra. Institution, Technology, HRD
A
B C D
Thank you very much,
H.KUSE
72