A Critical Discourse Analysis of Female Sexuality Articles in Women Magazines

A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE
SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES

A THESIS

By
SRI UTARI
147052014/MBE

FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE
SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES

A THESIS

Submitted as the Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of
Master of Arts (M.A.) in English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara

By
SRI UTARI
147052014/MBE

FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

Title of Thesis

:A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE

SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES

Name

:Sri Utari

Reg. Number

:147052014

Study Program

:English Postgraduate

Approved by
Adviser Commission

(Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP.)
Adviser I

(Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum.)
Adviser II

Head of
English Postgraduate Program

Dean of
Faculty of Cultural Sciences

(Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.)

(Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.)

Passing Date

: 21st June 2017

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Has been examined on
Date :21st June 2017

Board of Examiners :
Chief

: Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP.

(…………………….)

Members

: Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum.

(…………………….)

Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D.

(…………………….)

Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.

(…………………….)

Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, M.Hum.

(…………………….)

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DECLARATION
A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE SEXUALITY
ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES
I certify that the thesis I wrote as one of the requirements to obtain the
degree of Master of Arts from English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, is exactly my own work.
I certify that I clearly mentioned the reference of the citations I used in
some specific parts of this thesis based on norm, rule, and etiquette of the
technique of a scientific writing.

I certify, in the future, that I am willing to accept the sanction of the
renovation of my academic degree which I receive and other sanction in
accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, provided some parts or all
parts of this thesis are invented not to be my own work or to commit plagiarism.

Medan, June 2017
The Writer

Sri Utari

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A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE
SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES
ABSTRACT

The aim of this study are to analyze the text of female sexuality articles that
realized in the women magazines (i.e. vocabulary, grammar, cohesion and text
structure), to analyze the discursive practice in female sexuality articles that

realized in the women magazines (i.e. force of utterances, coherence of texts, and
intertextuality of texts) and to find out the ideology that showed in the women
magazines based on Fairclough theory. This research is conducted by using
qualitative content analysis. The data of the study are the sentences from the
female sexuality‟s articles in women‟s magazine which are from Cosmopolitan
and Glamour magazines. The data are analyzed by using Fairclough‟s theory
Discourse and Social Change (1992). The results of the study shows that in
analysis of texts in data 1, the using of vocabulary mostly contains literal
meaning, and the using of grammar mostly in transivity form, text structure
dominantly takes a part than cohesion. In data 2, the using of vocabulary mostly
contains metaphor that included explicit meanings whereas it show vulgarism
words, and the using of grammar in modality form. In data 3, the using of
vocabulary mostly contains metaphor that include explicit meanings, and the
using of grammar mostly in transivity form. In analysis of discursive practice, in
data 1, force of utterances mostly contains higher levels, and coherence
dominantly takes a part in the sentences than intertextuality. In data 2, the using of
force of utterances mostly contains higher levels, coherence takes a whole part in
the sentence than intertextuality. In data 3, the using of force utterances
dominantly contains a whole part in higher levels, coherence text mostly takes a
part than intertextuality. In ideology, data 1, data 2 and data 3, three of them are

mostly contain liberalism ideology from each female sexuality articles.
Keywords: CDA, analysis of text, discursive practice, ideology

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ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS DARI ARTIKEL SEKSUALITAS
WANITA DALAM MAJALAH WANITA
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa realisasi analisis teks
dari artikel seksualitas wanita dalam majalah wanita (yaitu kosakata, struktur
bahasa, kohesi dan struktur teks), untuk menganalisa realisasi praktek dari
artikel seksualitas wanita dalam majalah wanita (yaitu kekuatan ucapan,
koherensi teks dan intertekstualiti teks) dan untuk menemukan ideologi yang
ditunjukkan pada majalah wanita berdasarkan teori Fairclough. Penelitian ini
dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif konten. Data penelitian ini
adalah kalimat – kalimat dari artikel seksualitas wanita dalam majalah wanita
yang berasal dari majalah Cosmopolitan dan majalah Glamour. Data
dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Fairclough dalam bukunya Discourse
and Social Change (1992). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam

analisis teks, pada data 1, penggunaan kosakata kebanyakan bermakna
harfiah, dan penggunaan struktur bahasa hampir semua dalam bentuk
transitivitas, kemudian struktur teks secara dominan mengambil bagian dalam
teks dibandingkan kohesi. Pada data 2, penggunaan kosakata kebanyakan
bermakna metafor atau mengandung makna eksplisit dimana menunjukkan
kata-kata vulgar, dan penggunaan struktur bahasa hampir semua dalam
bentuk modaliti. Pada data 3, penggunaan kosakata kebanyakan mengandung
makna metafor yang mengandung makna eksplisit yaitu terdapat kata-kata
vulgar, dan penggunaan struktur bahasa sebagian besar dalam bentuk
transitivitas. Dalam analisis wacana praktis, pada data 1, penggunaan
kekuatan ucapan dalam teks kebanyakan mengandung level tinggi, kemudian
koherensi secara dominan mengambil peran di dalam kalimat dibandingkan
intertekstualitas. Pada data 2, kekuatan ucapan kebanyakan mengandung level
tinggi, kemudian koherensi mengambil semua bagian dalam kalimat
dibandingkan intertekstualitas. Pada data 3, penggunaan kekuatan ucapan
dalam teks secara dominan mengandung semua bagian dalam level tinggi,
kemudian koherensi teks kebanyakan mengambil peran dibandingkan
intertekstualitas. Dalam ideologi, data 1, data 2, dam data 3, ketiganya
mengandung ideology liberalisme dari setiap atrikel seksualitas wanita.
Kata Kunci : CDA, analisis teks, wacana praktek, ideologi

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, Alhamdulillah all praises to be Allah SWT, I would never have
been able to finish my thesis without Allah, for giving me everything, health,
strength, ability to finish this thesis, for every bless and for every answered
prayer.
In this occasion,

I would like to thank the Rector of University of

Sumatera Utara Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H, M.Hum., and the Dean of Faculty
of Cultural Sciences Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S., the Head of English Postgraduate
Program Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., the Secretary of English Postgraduate
Program, Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl.Trans, M.Hum., and to Prof. T. Silvana
Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. I am also very thankful to my great supervisor Dr. Eddy Setia,
M.Ed. TESP., and to my co – supervisor Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum., for their helps,

guidance, understanding, contribution and all your advice and motivations you
have given to me are so precious and useful for my improvement. I would like to
thank to all lecturers who have shared the knowledge while studying , for giving
knowledge and advices. I would like to give high gratitude to Kak Adri as the
staff of English Department for her contribution in accomplishing the
administration.
Especially, I would like to thank so much to my beloved mother and
family. My mother Dra. Nurfadhly, my aunty Rahmah Hanum, S.E and my uncle
Kamaruddin, my brother Aulia rahman, S.E., M.Si and his wife Yanti Mayani,
and all family of Alm. Tgk. H. Ali Balwy for the unconditional love, support,
motivation, pray, either moral or material.

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I would like to thank my classmates, Kak Ara, Yati, Hanim, Enda and
Arief, for their help in cheering me up, supporting me and completing this thesis. I
would like to thank my best friends, Nurul, and Wanda. Then, I also would like to
thank my beloved, Ansari Bobby N., S.S. who always supports, helps, prays,
cheers me up and stood by me through the good times and bad.
The last, I would like to dedicate my work to the memories of my beloved
father, Alm. Boen Soemarno, SE., and my beloved brother, Alm. Muhammad
Andi Laksono, I always love and pray for you both.
Finally, I realize there are still many weaknesses in this thesis. However I
hope this thesis can give some contributions to the others.

Medan, June 2017

Sri Utari

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data
Name

: Sri Utari

Place, Date of Birth

: Banda Aceh, 21st November 1991

Sex

: Female

Religion
Nationality
Address

: Islam
: Indonesia
: Komp. Tata Alam Asri Blok IV No. 152
Gaperta Ujung, Medan 20125

Domicile
Phone Number
Email

: Jl. Damar Raya No. 1, Medan 20239
: 0822 7789 2698
: sriutaristba@gmail.com

Academic Background
1. 1997 – 2003

: SD Negeri 068475 Medan

2. 2003 – 2006

: SMP Negeri 45 Medan

3. 2006 – 2009

: SMA Negeri 7 Medan

4. 2010 – 2014

: Bachelor of Literature (S.S.) of Sekolah Tinggi
Bahasa Asing (STBA) Medan

5. 2015 – 2017

: Master of Arts in English (M.A.) Faculty of
Cultural Sciences University of Sumatera Utara

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. i
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................... iii
CURRICULUM VITAE .............................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURE ....................................................................................... viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................. ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1
1.1 Background of Study ............................................................................. 1
1.2 Problems of Study .................................................................................... 8
1.3 Objectives of Study ................................................................................ 8
1.4 Scope of Study ......................................................................................... 9
1.5 Significances of Study.. ........................................................................... 9
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................ 10
2.1 Critical Discourse Analysis ..................................................................... 10
2.1.1 Fairclough‟s Theory ....................................................................... 10
2.1.2 van Dijk‟s Theory .......................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Wodak‟s Theory ........................................................................... 14
2.2 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................... 16
2.2.1 The Strengthens and The Weakness of Fairclough‟s Theory ........ 16
2.2.2 Fairclough‟s Framework for Analysis ........................................... 18
2.3 Ideology according to Fairclough‟s Theory ............................................. 21
2.3.1 Liberalism ...................................................................................... 22
2.3.2 Capitalism ...................................................................................... 23
2.3.3 Consumerism ................................................................................. 25
2.4 Fairclough‟s Framework for Analysis .................................................... 26
2.4.1 Analysis of Text ............................................................................. 26
2.4.1.1 Vocabulary ........................................................................ 26
2.4.1.2 Grammar ........................................................................... 27
2.4.1.3 Cohesion ........................................................................... 27
2.4.1.4 Text Structure .................................................................... 28
2.4.2 Analysis of Discursive Practice ..................................................... 28
2.4.2.1 Force of Utterances............................................................ 28
2.4.2.2 Coherence of Texts ............................................................ 28
2.4.2.3 Intertextuality of Texts ...................................................... 29
2.5 Semantics ................................................................................................ 30
2.6 Women‟s Magazines ................................................................................ 31
2.7 Studies on Women‟s Representation as Female Sexuality ...................... 31
2.7.1 Contradiction ................................................................................ 32
2.7.2 Feminism ....................................................................................... 33
2.7.2.1 Femininity ........................................................................ 34
2.7.2.2 Female Sexuality ............................................................... 34

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2.7.3 Addressing Woman ...................................................................... 35
2.8 Cultural Diversity
........................................................................... 36
2.9 Conceptual Framework .......................................................................... 37
2.10 Previous Relevant Studies ...................................................................... 38
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..................................... 41
3.1 Research Design ....................................................................................... 41
3.2 Data and Sources of Data ........................................................................ 41
3.2.1 Data ................................................................................................ 41
3.2.2 Sources of Data .............................................................................. 42
3.3 Technique for Collecting Data ............................................................... 42
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis ..................................................................... 43
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ............................... 46
4.1 Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 46
4.1.1 Analysis of Text in Female Sexuality Articles .............................. 46
4.1.1.1 Vocabulary ...................................................................... 46
4.1.1.2 Grammar ........................................................................ 55
4.1.1.3 Cohesion ............................................................................ 62
4.1.1.4 Text Structure .................................................................... 69
4.1.2 Analysis of Discursive Practice in Female Sexuality Articles ....... 75
4.1.2.1 Force of Utterances............................................................ 75
4.1.2.2 Coherence of Texts ............................................................ 82
4.1.2.3 Intertextuality of Text ........................................................ 90
4.1.3 Ideology in Female Sexuality Articles ........................................... 91
4.2 Findings .................................................................................................... 94
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................... 95
5.1 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 95
5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................. 96
REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 97

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LIST OF FIGURE

No.
Page

Title

Figure 2.1 Fairclough‟s Three Dimensional Conception ................................... 18

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LIST OF APPENDICES

No.

Title

Page

Appendix 1

Data 1 from Glamour Magazine No. 108 April 2016 .......... 94

Appendix 2

Data 2 from Cosmopolitan Magazine September 2008 ....... 95

Appendix 3

Data 3 from Cosmopolitan Magazine April 2012 ................ 99

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