THE PROCESS IN FACEBOOK USERS STATUS.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. iv
THE LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................. vi
THE LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................................ vii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study ..................................................... 1
B. The Problems of the Study .......................................................... 3
C. The Scope of the Study ............................................................... 3
D. The Objectives of the Study ........................................................ 3
E. The Significance of the Study ..................................................... 4
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Theoritical Framework ............................................................... 5
1. Metafunction .......................................................................... 5
2. Transitivity ............................................................................. 6
3. Clause ..................................................................................... 6
4. Process ................................................................................... 7
a. Material Process ........................................................ 7
b. Mental Process............................................................ 8
c. Relational Process ..................................................... 10
d. Verbal Process ........................................................... 10
e. Behavioral Process .................................................... 10
f. Existensial Process .................................................... 11
5. Participant ............................................................................... 12
a. Participant in Material Process ................................. 12
b. Participant in Mental Process ................................... 13
c. Participant in Relational Process ............................... 13
d. Participant in Behavioral Process .............................. 14
e. Participant in Verbal Process ..................................... 14
f. Participants in Existential Process ............................. 15
g. Other Participants ...................................................... 15
1) Beneficiary .................................................... 15
2) Range ............................................................ 16
3) Target ............................................................ 17
6. Circumstances ........................................................................ 17
7. Social Networking Service .................................................... 18
8. Facebook ............................................................................... 19
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design ......................................................................... 24
B. Population and Sample ............................................................... 24
C. The Procedures for Collecting Data ........................................... 24
D. The Technique for Analyzing Data ............................................ 25
CHAPTER IV
A. The Data ..................................................................................... 25
iv
B. The Analysis of Data ..................................................................
C. The Analysis of The Occurences Types of Process ...................
1. Sample 1 ..............................................................................
2. Sample 2 ...............................................................................
3. Sample 3 ...............................................................................
4. Sample 4 ...............................................................................
5. Sample 5 ...............................................................................
D. Research Findings ......................................................................
CHAPTER V
A. Conclusions .................................................................................
B. Suggestions .................................................................................
REFERENCES .................................................................................................
v
25
26
26
29
31
34
36
38
40
40
42
THE LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 4.6
Process and Participants ..............................................................
Circumstances .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process ......
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 1 .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 2 .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 3 .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 4 .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 5 ................................................................ ............
vi
12
18
25
26
29
31
34
36
THE LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A:
APPENDIX B:
APPENDIX C:
The Analysis of Types of Process in Facebook User’s
Status
Script
Pictures
vii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language is a tool of people to communicate each other. Language
becomes important in human’s life. When communicate, people uses language,
which is understandable. Humans need language to express their ideas, feelings,
desires and purposes to others. People also need information in order to live. They
send and receive information to other people. They share information with
language as the media, with both of spoken and written language.
As an international language, English plays important role for people to
share their experiences, information and ideas. Many sources of information are
written in English, such as magazines, books, newspapers, etc. Because of the
progress of time, to share with language is not a difficult thing to be done. Using
the media such as, magazines, books and newspapers cannot fulfill our needed of
information. Even not a hundred percent accurate, plenty of social networking
services have been made in order to fulfill people’s need of it. One of the most
famous social networking services is Facebook. Facebook is a social networking
service and website since February 2004 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook).
It offers users to create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange
messages.
Grammar is how language organized. There are several grammar,
traditional grammar, formal grammar and functional grammar.
2
Functional grammar implies that human beings use language as a resource
for making meaning. They use language to represent (ideational), to exchange
(interpersonal) and to organize experience (textual). These three functions are
called Metafunctions. In each metafunction, an analysis of a clause gives a
different kind of structure composed from a different set of elements. In the
ideational metafunction, a clause is analyzed into Process, Participants and
Circumstances, with different participant types for different process types. In the
interpersonal metafunction, a clause is analyzed into Mood and Residue, with the
mood element further analyzed into Subject and Finite. In the textual
metafunction,
a
clause
is
analyzed
into
Theme
and
Rheme
(http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/kit/2001s/ctl310gen/GW-MScThesis/node16.html).
Ideational function is the function for constructing human experience, this
function convey new information, to communicate content that is unknown to the
hearer. The ideational function is mainly represented by the transitivity system.
The transitivity system includes six processes: material process, mental process,
relational process, behavioral process, verbal process and existential process.
Interpersonal function has to do with how we act to others through
language. In other words, language is used to exchange experience.
Textual function has to do with how we organize language so it has
relation to its context.
Saragih (2010:7) states that a clause is considered as a unit of experience,
which is constituted by three elements, namely, process, participant (s) and
circumstance. Eggins (1994:83) states that circumstances is prepositional phrases
3
and adverbs which tell us where, when, how, why and with what the action took
place. Participants refer to people or thing that relate directly to the verb in the
process.
In this study, the writer discussed one of experiential element that is called
process. The writer focused on finding the types of process and the dominant type
of process in Facebook user’s status.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problems of the study are:
1. What types of process are used in Facebook status?
2. What is the dominant type of process used in Facebook status?
3. What does the dominant type of process imply?
C. The Scope of the Study
This study focuses on analyzing the types of process used in Facebook status.
The writer limits his research on analyzing the types of process written in
English.
D. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are:
1. To find out types of process in Facebook status.
2. To determine the most dominant type of process in Facebook status.
3. To describe the implication of the dominant process.
4
E. The Significance of The study
1. This study will be useful for those who want to do research about types of
process.
2. This study will be useful for students who are interested in learning
transitivity system in Systemic Functional Grammar.
40
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
After analyzing types of process in Facebook, the conclusions are
presented as follows:
1) There are six types of process; they are material, mental, relational,
verbal, behavioral and existential process. The totals of clause that are
found at 5 user’s status in Facebook are 801 (100%) clauses. There are
327 (40,8%) of material process, 159 (19,9%) of mental process, 223
(27,8%) of relational process, 31 (3,9%) of verbal process, 56 (7,0%)
of behavioral process and 5 (0,6%) of existential process.
2) The dominant type of process which is used in Facebook status is
material process with 327 (40,8%) clauses.
3) The highest proportion in the use of material process is due to the fact
that most of users in Facebook share their action or event.
5.2 Suggestions
Referring to the result of this research, the following suggestions are
forwarding:
1) Those who are interested are suggested to enlarge their knowledge
what types of process in functional grammar.
41
2) The readers are suggested to know how types of process are used
in communication.
3) The students of English Department are advised to study more
about types of process, so they can better understand how to share
information.
4) For other researcher, it is suggested that this study can be
reference for the further research to analyze the types of process.
This study can help the further research to be more understand
clearly,
how
communication.
significance
the
types
of
process
are
in
REFERENCES
Bloor, T and M. Bloor. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English. New York:
Edward Arnold
Creswell, W. 2001. Research Design: Qualitative & Quantitative Approaches.
London: Sace Publication
Downing and Locke. 2002. A University Course in English Grammar. London:
Routledge
Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London:
Pinter
Halliday, M. A. K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Second
Edition. London: Edward Arnold
Hornby, A. S. 1987. Oxford Dictionary. Walton Street: Oxford University
Saragih, A. 2010. Introducing Systemic Functional Grammar Of English. Medan:
FBS UNIMED (Unpublished)
Thompson, G. 1996. Introducing to Functional Grammar. London: Edward
Arnold.
http://en.wikipedia.org/facebook/17 February 17 2012/14:20
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking_service/17 February 2012/14:20
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/9864/1/9864.pdf/17 February 2012/14:20
http://isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id/admin/jurnal/7207175188.pdf/17 February 2012/14:20
http://teachingenglishonline.net/a-study-on-sentence-problem-in-writing/17
February 2012/14:20
http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/kit/2001s/ctl310gen/GW-MScThesis/node16.html/2
March 2012/10:00
http://www.facebook.com/mast.christina/24 June 2012/09:55
http://www.facebook.com/heather.howell.908/24 June 2012/10:30
http://www.facebook.com/juli.reyeredgely/24 June 2012/10:49
http://www.facebook.com/bbycakes2828/24 June 2012/10:55
http://www.facebook.com/michelle.devassymitchell/24 June 2012/11:04
42
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. iv
THE LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................. vi
THE LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................................ vii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study ..................................................... 1
B. The Problems of the Study .......................................................... 3
C. The Scope of the Study ............................................................... 3
D. The Objectives of the Study ........................................................ 3
E. The Significance of the Study ..................................................... 4
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Theoritical Framework ............................................................... 5
1. Metafunction .......................................................................... 5
2. Transitivity ............................................................................. 6
3. Clause ..................................................................................... 6
4. Process ................................................................................... 7
a. Material Process ........................................................ 7
b. Mental Process............................................................ 8
c. Relational Process ..................................................... 10
d. Verbal Process ........................................................... 10
e. Behavioral Process .................................................... 10
f. Existensial Process .................................................... 11
5. Participant ............................................................................... 12
a. Participant in Material Process ................................. 12
b. Participant in Mental Process ................................... 13
c. Participant in Relational Process ............................... 13
d. Participant in Behavioral Process .............................. 14
e. Participant in Verbal Process ..................................... 14
f. Participants in Existential Process ............................. 15
g. Other Participants ...................................................... 15
1) Beneficiary .................................................... 15
2) Range ............................................................ 16
3) Target ............................................................ 17
6. Circumstances ........................................................................ 17
7. Social Networking Service .................................................... 18
8. Facebook ............................................................................... 19
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design ......................................................................... 24
B. Population and Sample ............................................................... 24
C. The Procedures for Collecting Data ........................................... 24
D. The Technique for Analyzing Data ............................................ 25
CHAPTER IV
A. The Data ..................................................................................... 25
iv
B. The Analysis of Data ..................................................................
C. The Analysis of The Occurences Types of Process ...................
1. Sample 1 ..............................................................................
2. Sample 2 ...............................................................................
3. Sample 3 ...............................................................................
4. Sample 4 ...............................................................................
5. Sample 5 ...............................................................................
D. Research Findings ......................................................................
CHAPTER V
A. Conclusions .................................................................................
B. Suggestions .................................................................................
REFERENCES .................................................................................................
v
25
26
26
29
31
34
36
38
40
40
42
THE LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 4.6
Process and Participants ..............................................................
Circumstances .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process ......
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 1 .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 2 .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 3 .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 4 .............................................................................
The Total Number and Percentage of The Types of Process
from Sample 5 ................................................................ ............
vi
12
18
25
26
29
31
34
36
THE LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A:
APPENDIX B:
APPENDIX C:
The Analysis of Types of Process in Facebook User’s
Status
Script
Pictures
vii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language is a tool of people to communicate each other. Language
becomes important in human’s life. When communicate, people uses language,
which is understandable. Humans need language to express their ideas, feelings,
desires and purposes to others. People also need information in order to live. They
send and receive information to other people. They share information with
language as the media, with both of spoken and written language.
As an international language, English plays important role for people to
share their experiences, information and ideas. Many sources of information are
written in English, such as magazines, books, newspapers, etc. Because of the
progress of time, to share with language is not a difficult thing to be done. Using
the media such as, magazines, books and newspapers cannot fulfill our needed of
information. Even not a hundred percent accurate, plenty of social networking
services have been made in order to fulfill people’s need of it. One of the most
famous social networking services is Facebook. Facebook is a social networking
service and website since February 2004 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook).
It offers users to create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange
messages.
Grammar is how language organized. There are several grammar,
traditional grammar, formal grammar and functional grammar.
2
Functional grammar implies that human beings use language as a resource
for making meaning. They use language to represent (ideational), to exchange
(interpersonal) and to organize experience (textual). These three functions are
called Metafunctions. In each metafunction, an analysis of a clause gives a
different kind of structure composed from a different set of elements. In the
ideational metafunction, a clause is analyzed into Process, Participants and
Circumstances, with different participant types for different process types. In the
interpersonal metafunction, a clause is analyzed into Mood and Residue, with the
mood element further analyzed into Subject and Finite. In the textual
metafunction,
a
clause
is
analyzed
into
Theme
and
Rheme
(http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/kit/2001s/ctl310gen/GW-MScThesis/node16.html).
Ideational function is the function for constructing human experience, this
function convey new information, to communicate content that is unknown to the
hearer. The ideational function is mainly represented by the transitivity system.
The transitivity system includes six processes: material process, mental process,
relational process, behavioral process, verbal process and existential process.
Interpersonal function has to do with how we act to others through
language. In other words, language is used to exchange experience.
Textual function has to do with how we organize language so it has
relation to its context.
Saragih (2010:7) states that a clause is considered as a unit of experience,
which is constituted by three elements, namely, process, participant (s) and
circumstance. Eggins (1994:83) states that circumstances is prepositional phrases
3
and adverbs which tell us where, when, how, why and with what the action took
place. Participants refer to people or thing that relate directly to the verb in the
process.
In this study, the writer discussed one of experiential element that is called
process. The writer focused on finding the types of process and the dominant type
of process in Facebook user’s status.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problems of the study are:
1. What types of process are used in Facebook status?
2. What is the dominant type of process used in Facebook status?
3. What does the dominant type of process imply?
C. The Scope of the Study
This study focuses on analyzing the types of process used in Facebook status.
The writer limits his research on analyzing the types of process written in
English.
D. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are:
1. To find out types of process in Facebook status.
2. To determine the most dominant type of process in Facebook status.
3. To describe the implication of the dominant process.
4
E. The Significance of The study
1. This study will be useful for those who want to do research about types of
process.
2. This study will be useful for students who are interested in learning
transitivity system in Systemic Functional Grammar.
40
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
After analyzing types of process in Facebook, the conclusions are
presented as follows:
1) There are six types of process; they are material, mental, relational,
verbal, behavioral and existential process. The totals of clause that are
found at 5 user’s status in Facebook are 801 (100%) clauses. There are
327 (40,8%) of material process, 159 (19,9%) of mental process, 223
(27,8%) of relational process, 31 (3,9%) of verbal process, 56 (7,0%)
of behavioral process and 5 (0,6%) of existential process.
2) The dominant type of process which is used in Facebook status is
material process with 327 (40,8%) clauses.
3) The highest proportion in the use of material process is due to the fact
that most of users in Facebook share their action or event.
5.2 Suggestions
Referring to the result of this research, the following suggestions are
forwarding:
1) Those who are interested are suggested to enlarge their knowledge
what types of process in functional grammar.
41
2) The readers are suggested to know how types of process are used
in communication.
3) The students of English Department are advised to study more
about types of process, so they can better understand how to share
information.
4) For other researcher, it is suggested that this study can be
reference for the further research to analyze the types of process.
This study can help the further research to be more understand
clearly,
how
communication.
significance
the
types
of
process
are
in
REFERENCES
Bloor, T and M. Bloor. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English. New York:
Edward Arnold
Creswell, W. 2001. Research Design: Qualitative & Quantitative Approaches.
London: Sace Publication
Downing and Locke. 2002. A University Course in English Grammar. London:
Routledge
Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London:
Pinter
Halliday, M. A. K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Second
Edition. London: Edward Arnold
Hornby, A. S. 1987. Oxford Dictionary. Walton Street: Oxford University
Saragih, A. 2010. Introducing Systemic Functional Grammar Of English. Medan:
FBS UNIMED (Unpublished)
Thompson, G. 1996. Introducing to Functional Grammar. London: Edward
Arnold.
http://en.wikipedia.org/facebook/17 February 17 2012/14:20
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking_service/17 February 2012/14:20
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/9864/1/9864.pdf/17 February 2012/14:20
http://isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id/admin/jurnal/7207175188.pdf/17 February 2012/14:20
http://teachingenglishonline.net/a-study-on-sentence-problem-in-writing/17
February 2012/14:20
http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/kit/2001s/ctl310gen/GW-MScThesis/node16.html/2
March 2012/10:00
http://www.facebook.com/mast.christina/24 June 2012/09:55
http://www.facebook.com/heather.howell.908/24 June 2012/10:30
http://www.facebook.com/juli.reyeredgely/24 June 2012/10:49
http://www.facebook.com/bbycakes2828/24 June 2012/10:55
http://www.facebook.com/michelle.devassymitchell/24 June 2012/11:04
42