THE EFFECT OF USING MOVIE POSTER ON THE STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT.
THE EFFECT OF USING MOVIE POSTER ON THE
STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT IN DESCRIPTIVE
TEXT
A thesis
Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Language and Arts
State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By
SRI DEVI MEILANI YUPITA
Registration Number: 2101321008
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Devi, Sri Meilani Yupita. Reg. No.2101321008 The Effect of Using Movie
Poster on The Students’ Writing Achievements in Descriptive Text. A Thesis.
English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of
Medan 2014.
This study is aimed to investigatethe effect of Movie Poster on the students’
writing achievement in descriptive text. The objective was to find outthe using of
Movie posters could effect students’ achievement on writing descriptive text. This
study was conducted by experimental research. The population of this study was
the tenth grade students’ of SMA Negeri I Aek Song-Songan. Two classes from
three parallel classes was taken for the observation by cluster random sampling
which divided into two groups, each group consisted of 36 students as control
group and experimental group. The experimental group was taught by using
Movie Poster meanwhile the control group was taught without using Movie
Poster. The instrument for collecting data was writing test. In the calculation of
Ttest, the mean of students’ score in experimental group was 19,4 and the mean of
students’ score in control group was 13.6. Standard deviation of experimental
group was 1950.96, standard deviation of control group 2034.42, and the total
number of samples was 72, Tobserved was higher than Ttable. 3.433> 1.994 at the
level of significance 0.05 for two tailed. It proved that applying Movie Poster as a
media in students’ writing achievement in descriptive text is significantly
effective than without using Movie Poster.
Key words :Movie Poster, Writing Descriptive Text
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Prasies and greatest thanks to almighty Allah SWT, the most merciful who
has blessed and given time, opportunity, and health so that this thesis entitled ‘
The Effect of Using Movie Poster on The Students’ Writing Achievement in
Descriptive Text’ could be completed. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the
requirements for the degree of SarjanaPendidikan of the English Department,
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
In completing this thesis, the writer would like to express her gratitude,
indebtedness and thanks for giving permission, suggestion, advising and
contribution during completing her thesis. Support, love, prayer, motivation, help
and encouragement to pursue a better life and achieve the best education that
might not requited to people who have been involved in her accomplishment the
thesis.
1.
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University
of Medan.
2.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., Dean Faculty of Languages and Arts
and her staff for giving the administrative information as well.
3.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department, Dra.
Meisuri, M.A., Secretary of English Department, Dra. Masitowarni
Siregar, M.Ed., the Head of English Education Department and her
Thesis Advisor, and the Head of English Literature Department, Dra.
Rahmah, M.Hum.
4. Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., and Neni Afrida Sari, S.Pd,
M.Hum her Thesis Advisors.
5. Drs. Muhammad Natsir, her Academic Advisor.
6. Drs. Johan Sinulingga,M.Pd and Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A, as her
Reviewer and Examiner.
7. All the Lecturers of English Department who have taught, guided,
and advised his throughout the academic years.
8.
Ramlan, S.Pd, Headmaster of SMA Negeri 1 Aek Song-Songan, and
Ade Agus Pranata, S.Pd, the English teacher.
ii
9.
Sugiran and Nurhayati, her beloved parent.
10. Ramayuni Sahfitri, S.E., Sry Untung Siregar, S.H., Ade Agus
Pranata, S.Pd, Eny Yunienti, Desti Eka Sari, Dodi Afrizal, S.Pd.,
and Nurul Aidillia her best brothers and sisters.
11. Nurhabibah, Indah Pratiwi, S.Pd., Nurhaminta Hasibuan,S.Pd,
Irna Junita, S.Pd., Filzah Farhana, Riza Handayani, Deby Arif
Syahputra, Elnoviamy, Ayu Widyaningtyas, Frendi Yudistira
Simarmata, and Perkasa Alamsyah Tanjung, S.H and The Genk,
her best friends.
12. RegulerDik. C 2010, her friends in PPLT in SMK Nasional Kisaran,
and all friends that are not mentioned one by one who helped the writer
during completing her thesis.
Medan,
March 2015
The Writer,
Sri Devi Meilani Yupita
Reg. No. 2101321008
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURE .............................................................................................. vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study ..........................................................................1
B. The Problem of the Study .................................................................................4
C. The Scope of the Study .....................................................................................4
D. The Objectives of The Study ...........................................................................4
E. The Significance of the Study ..........................................................................4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................6
1. Students’ Writing Achivement .......................................................................6
a. Students’ Achievement .............................................................................6
b. Definition of Writing ................................................................................7
c. Process Writing ........................................................................................8
d. Genre in Writing ....................................................................................10
e. Descriptive Text ....................................................................................12
f. Writing Assesment ................................................................................16
2. The Criteria of Scoring ...............................................................................17
3.Media in Language Teaching ......................................................................19
a. Kinds of Media .......................................................................................20
b.Posters .....................................................................................................21
c. Type of Posters .......................................................................................22
d. Criteria of Posters ...................................................................................24
e. Movie Posters ..................................................................................... ..25
f. The Advantages of Using Movie Posters ..............................................26
g. The Application of Movie Posters in Teaching Descriptive Text .........27
B. Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................29
C. Hypotheses .......................................................................................................31
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A.Research Design ................................................................................................32
B. Population and Sample .....................................................................................33
1. Population ......................................................................................................33
2. Sample ...........................................................................................................34
C.Instrument for Collecting Data ...........................................................................34
D. The Procedure of Research................................................................................35
1. Pre-test ...........................................................................................................35
2. Treatment.......................................................................................................35
3. Post-test .........................................................................................................37
4. Scoring The Test ...........................................................................................37
E. The Validity and Reliability of the Test ............................................................41
1. The Validity of the Test.................................................................................41
iv
2. The Reliability of the Test .............................................................................42
F.Technique of Analyzing the Data ......................................................................43
G. The Statistical Hypothesis .................................................................................44
CHAPTER IV
The Data Analysis and Research Findings.............................................................45
A. The Data .....................................................................................................45
B. Data Analysis .............................................................................................46
1. Data Analysis by Using Reliability ......................................................46
2. Testing Normality ................................................................................47
3. Data Analysis by Using T-Test Formula .............................................50
C. Hypothesis Testing .....................................................................................52
D. Research Findings ......................................................................................52
E. Discussion ..................................................................................................54
CHAPTER V
Conclusion and Suggestion ....................................................................................56
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................56
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................................57
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................58
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................60
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table
Page
2.1 The Example of Descriptive Text ...................................................................16
2.2 The Criteria of Scoring Test............................................................................17
2.3 The Example of Descriptive Text ...................................................................29
3.1 Research Design ..............................................................................................33
3.2 Teaching Procedure of Experimental Group...................................................35
3.3 Teaching Procedure of Control Group ............................................................36
3.4 The Scoring of Descriptive Text .....................................................................41
4.1 Testing Normality of Pre-test in Experimental Group ....................................47
4.2 Testing Normality of Post-test in Experimental Group ..................................48
4.3 Testing Normality of Pre-test in Control Group .............................................49
4.4 Testing Normality of Post-test in Control Group ............................................50
vi
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure
Page
2.1 The Example of Movie Poster..........................................................................26
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices
Page
Appendix A The Calculation of The Reliability of The Test ................................60
Appendix B Testing Normality of Pre-Test in Experimental Group ....................62
Appendix C Testing Normality of Post-Test in Experimental Group ..................63
Appendix D Testing Normality of Pre-Test in Control Group .............................64
Appendix E Testing Normality of Post-Test in Control Group ............................65
Appendix F The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Test by The Students of Control
Group ...............................................................................................66
Appendix G The Score of Pre-test and Post-test by The Students of Control
Group ................................................................................................68
Appendix H 1. The Calculation of T-Test for Experimental Group ....................70
2. the Calculation of T-Test for Control Group ...............................72
Appendix I Percentage Points of The Distribution ..............................................75
viii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of The Study
Sharples(1999:6) states that writing is necessarily, constrained. Without
constraint there can be no language or structure, just randomness. Constraints should
not be seen as restrictions on writing, but as means of focusing the writer’s attention
and channeling mental resources. Writers need suitable language to structure these
ideas in the form of a coherent discourse. The purpose, therefore, is to help learners
produce self-contained compositions. But for the learners to do so, they have to link
and develop information, ideas, or argument in logical sequences. Without writing
practice, students have difficulty in achieving clarity, which is the goal of any writing
exercise.
Based on KTSP Educational Curriculum, learning English in Senior High
School is emphasized on four skills of language. They are listening, reading,
speaking, and writing. By these four skills students are expected to have the good
prestige in their school, college, or in their place when they are working. According
to KTSP Educational Curriculum, writing is one of the skills which should be
developed in learning English. The students use writing simple to complex activities
every day such as writing notes, letters, shopping list, stories, novels, poems, essays,
conversation, including to sign or label, etc. Written product is influenced by some
elements such as vocabularies, grammar, organization, spelling, and punctuation.
2
Unfortunately, the fact is there are so many difficulties that faced by the
students in learning English. By interviewing the students and the English teacher in
SMANegeri I Aek Song-Songan, the researcher find the data and the problems that
faced by the students in learning English. The students of SMA Negeri I Aek SongSongan could not build and develop especially in expressing their ideas, choosing the
right dictions and using the grammar. The students also could not able to write a text
based on the genre even after being taught, especially in descriptive text. These
occurred because the teacher did not apply the student centered learning in a way of
teaching.
Conventional ways such as lecturing in teaching English for the students of
SMANegeri I Aek Song-Songan make the students bored and they don’t enjoying
their lessons. Explaining the materials along the teaching learning process in the
classroom will make the students get some difficulties to understand the materials and
apply it in their life. Based on the data from the English teacher, the students’
achievement is rather good. In the first semester the students’ achievement is
approximately 65 and the second semester the students’ achievement is
approximately 67. But these scores still not fulfill the KKM or the standard scoring
for English Lesson, which is the students, must get score of English in 75 for
minimum. Based on this sorrowful facts, the researcher will be conducted the media
in Teaching-Learning process in SMA Negeri I Aek Song-Songan for the students in
grade X, because media is aimed to help students to learn more effectives.
3
According to Kariman (2010:247) media can be used appropriately and
correctly based on the curriculum, can assist and enlighten the teachers’ burden to
explain language meaning and construction, engage students in a topic or as a basis of
a whole activity for practical (creativity) and for motivational reason. It means that
media is a tool of communication used to transfer information from the source to
learners to stimulate them to follow learning activity. In learning anything including
learning a foreign language, media plays a very important role because it can make
learning far more concrete and memorable.
Movie poster is one of the media that will be conducted to the students in
this research. According to Rahmadhani (2014:4) the previous researcher of movie
posters states that using movie poster will help a teacher to transfer the material,
attract the students’ attention, and illustrate what the students will write about.
Besides, the students will be interested in writing if they look at the pictures which
are provided by the teacher and they can imagine what they should write about.
Therefore using movie poster as one of the significant media can be used to increase
students’ writing achievement in descriptive text.
The previous researchers Tengku Nova Mulyana has been doing the research
of using movie poster in SMAN 1 Galang academic year 2011/2012 and found that
from 36 first grade students, there were 34 students (94,44%) achieved score 70 and
above in writing descriptive text. It can be concluded that by analyzing movie posters,
the students will give more attention to the subject to develop their descriptive ability.
Based on these facts, the researcher will be conducted the movie poster as a media in
4
teaching learning process in SMA Negeri I Aek Song-Songan for her research in
descriptive text.
B. The Problem of The Study
The problem of this study is as the following, “Is there any significant effect
of using movie posters on the students’ writing achievement in descriptive text?.”
C. The Objective of The Study
The objective of this study is aimed to find out whether using Movie Poster
affect significantly on the achievement of ten grade students in SMA Negeri I Aek
Song-songan in writing descriptive text.
D. The Scope of The Study
Descriptive text is basically a text describes someone or something. In this
study, the scope is limited to writing descriptive text based on Movie Poster as a
media in teaching-learning process. They are expected to be able to write the
descriptive by following the Movie Poster that shown.
E. The Significance of The Study
Findings of the research are expected useful for these people:
1. Writer; by having this research, the writer will enrich knowledge about
the importance of using media in teaching learning process to increase
the students’ writing achievement.
2. Teacher; through this research, teacher will find the effect of using the
movie posters as the media to teach the materials of descriptive text in
writing skill.
5
3. Students; through this research, students will increase their motivation
and mastery of writing comprehension especially in descriptive texts.
4. Researchers; through this research. The researchers will have the
references and sources to conduct the similar topic media with the
different topic discussion.
Others; this research will give them some information, data, sources about Movie
Posters as the media in teaching learning process.
56
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the data, it was concluded that the using of Movie Poster
significantly affected the students’ achievement in writing descriptive text. The using
of Movie Poster gives the better effects and results than using the conventional
method. The conclusion can be drawn as follows:
1.
The using of Movie Poster significantly affected the students’ achievement
in writing descriptive text since the t-test > t-table (3,43> 1,994; df=70) at
the level of the significance of 0,05 of two-tails test.
2.
The applying of Movie Poster in teaching writing descriptive text enables the
students to explore their ideas with their own words by thinking and to
remember the information from the movie poster in long term memory. It
means the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha)
was accepted because there was significant effect of applying Movie Poster
on students’ writing achievement.
Therefore, it can be concluded that teaching writing descriptive text by using
Movie Poster as a media has more significant effect than teaching writing by using
conventional method.
57
B. Suggestion
Based on the finding, it is suggested that:
a.
English teacher should use Movie Poster in teaching writing
descriptive because it enables the students to remember the
information from something in long term memory.
b.
English teacher should be able to make some variations in teaching
descriptive text in writing which is appropriate with the ability of
the students so that they can explore their ideas totally by thinking
and share also give and accept any comments or information from
the whole class.
c. This media learning is suitable to use for peoples with ability in
learning process in visual method.
d. The readers who are interested in further study related to this
research
should
explore
the
knowledge
to
enlarge
their
understanding about how to improve students’ writing achievement
in writing and search another references.
56
REFERENCES
Arsyad, Azhar. 2009. Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta : PT. Raja GrafindoPersada
Ary,
D.et.Al. 2010. Introduction to Research
York:MADSWORTH,CENGAGE learning.
in
Education.
8thEd.New
Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles an Interactive Approach
toLanguage Pedagogy, Second Edition. New York : Longman.
Effendi, SahliyahAzizah. 2013. Journal of English Teaching of FBS-UnimedVol
2No.4. Medan: Unimed.
Elizabeth, Dewi. 2012. Journal of English Language Teaching of FBSUnimedVol.1.No.1.Medan :Unimed.
Emily,
K.
2003.
Definition
of
Movie
Posters.Retrieve
from
th
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoviePosters (Accessedon September 9 2014)
Fransisca, Mirna. 2005. Journal of English Language Teaching of FBS-Unimed Vol.1
No.2.Medan :Unimed.
Gallo.
M.
2011.
Definition
of
Posters.Retrieve
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media (accesed on September 8th 2014)
from
Harmer, J. 2001.The Practice of English Language Teaching 3rd Edition Complexity
Revised And Updated. Harlow. Pearson Education Limited. England
:Longman.
Harmer, J. 2004.How to Teach Writing.England : Longman.
Heaton, J. B. 1975. Writing English Language Test. London : Longman.
Hyland, K. 2002. Teaching and Researching Writing.Britain : Longman.
Knapp, P & Watkins, M. 2005.Genre, Text, Grammar.Sydney : University of
Mulyana, Tengku Nova. 2012. Journal of English Language Teaching of FBS
Unimed Vol.2No.2. Medan :Unimed.
Nurssaniyah, H. 2010. Journal of English Teaching of FBS-Unimed.Medan :Unimed.
Pardiyono. 2007. PastiBisa!. Teaching Genre Based Writing. Yogyakarta :Andi.
57
Sharples, M. 1999. How We Write. New York :Routledge.
Siahaan, S &Shinoda, K. 2008.Generic Structure.Yogyakarta :GrahaIlmu.
Internet Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoviePosters
PM.
Accessed on 8th September 2014 08.26
www.wikipedia.com Accessed on 8th September 2014 08.34 PM.
www.wikipedia.com Accessed on 8th September 2014 08.34 PM.
http://en.bookfi.org/book/1147043. Accessed on 8th September 22.31 PM.
http://www.slideshare.net/harpreetmudrania1/posters-28290431
https://www.google.com/search?q=example+of+movie+poster&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8
STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT IN DESCRIPTIVE
TEXT
A thesis
Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Language and Arts
State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By
SRI DEVI MEILANI YUPITA
Registration Number: 2101321008
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Devi, Sri Meilani Yupita. Reg. No.2101321008 The Effect of Using Movie
Poster on The Students’ Writing Achievements in Descriptive Text. A Thesis.
English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of
Medan 2014.
This study is aimed to investigatethe effect of Movie Poster on the students’
writing achievement in descriptive text. The objective was to find outthe using of
Movie posters could effect students’ achievement on writing descriptive text. This
study was conducted by experimental research. The population of this study was
the tenth grade students’ of SMA Negeri I Aek Song-Songan. Two classes from
three parallel classes was taken for the observation by cluster random sampling
which divided into two groups, each group consisted of 36 students as control
group and experimental group. The experimental group was taught by using
Movie Poster meanwhile the control group was taught without using Movie
Poster. The instrument for collecting data was writing test. In the calculation of
Ttest, the mean of students’ score in experimental group was 19,4 and the mean of
students’ score in control group was 13.6. Standard deviation of experimental
group was 1950.96, standard deviation of control group 2034.42, and the total
number of samples was 72, Tobserved was higher than Ttable. 3.433> 1.994 at the
level of significance 0.05 for two tailed. It proved that applying Movie Poster as a
media in students’ writing achievement in descriptive text is significantly
effective than without using Movie Poster.
Key words :Movie Poster, Writing Descriptive Text
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Prasies and greatest thanks to almighty Allah SWT, the most merciful who
has blessed and given time, opportunity, and health so that this thesis entitled ‘
The Effect of Using Movie Poster on The Students’ Writing Achievement in
Descriptive Text’ could be completed. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the
requirements for the degree of SarjanaPendidikan of the English Department,
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
In completing this thesis, the writer would like to express her gratitude,
indebtedness and thanks for giving permission, suggestion, advising and
contribution during completing her thesis. Support, love, prayer, motivation, help
and encouragement to pursue a better life and achieve the best education that
might not requited to people who have been involved in her accomplishment the
thesis.
1.
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University
of Medan.
2.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., Dean Faculty of Languages and Arts
and her staff for giving the administrative information as well.
3.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department, Dra.
Meisuri, M.A., Secretary of English Department, Dra. Masitowarni
Siregar, M.Ed., the Head of English Education Department and her
Thesis Advisor, and the Head of English Literature Department, Dra.
Rahmah, M.Hum.
4. Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., and Neni Afrida Sari, S.Pd,
M.Hum her Thesis Advisors.
5. Drs. Muhammad Natsir, her Academic Advisor.
6. Drs. Johan Sinulingga,M.Pd and Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A, as her
Reviewer and Examiner.
7. All the Lecturers of English Department who have taught, guided,
and advised his throughout the academic years.
8.
Ramlan, S.Pd, Headmaster of SMA Negeri 1 Aek Song-Songan, and
Ade Agus Pranata, S.Pd, the English teacher.
ii
9.
Sugiran and Nurhayati, her beloved parent.
10. Ramayuni Sahfitri, S.E., Sry Untung Siregar, S.H., Ade Agus
Pranata, S.Pd, Eny Yunienti, Desti Eka Sari, Dodi Afrizal, S.Pd.,
and Nurul Aidillia her best brothers and sisters.
11. Nurhabibah, Indah Pratiwi, S.Pd., Nurhaminta Hasibuan,S.Pd,
Irna Junita, S.Pd., Filzah Farhana, Riza Handayani, Deby Arif
Syahputra, Elnoviamy, Ayu Widyaningtyas, Frendi Yudistira
Simarmata, and Perkasa Alamsyah Tanjung, S.H and The Genk,
her best friends.
12. RegulerDik. C 2010, her friends in PPLT in SMK Nasional Kisaran,
and all friends that are not mentioned one by one who helped the writer
during completing her thesis.
Medan,
March 2015
The Writer,
Sri Devi Meilani Yupita
Reg. No. 2101321008
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURE .............................................................................................. vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study ..........................................................................1
B. The Problem of the Study .................................................................................4
C. The Scope of the Study .....................................................................................4
D. The Objectives of The Study ...........................................................................4
E. The Significance of the Study ..........................................................................4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................6
1. Students’ Writing Achivement .......................................................................6
a. Students’ Achievement .............................................................................6
b. Definition of Writing ................................................................................7
c. Process Writing ........................................................................................8
d. Genre in Writing ....................................................................................10
e. Descriptive Text ....................................................................................12
f. Writing Assesment ................................................................................16
2. The Criteria of Scoring ...............................................................................17
3.Media in Language Teaching ......................................................................19
a. Kinds of Media .......................................................................................20
b.Posters .....................................................................................................21
c. Type of Posters .......................................................................................22
d. Criteria of Posters ...................................................................................24
e. Movie Posters ..................................................................................... ..25
f. The Advantages of Using Movie Posters ..............................................26
g. The Application of Movie Posters in Teaching Descriptive Text .........27
B. Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................29
C. Hypotheses .......................................................................................................31
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A.Research Design ................................................................................................32
B. Population and Sample .....................................................................................33
1. Population ......................................................................................................33
2. Sample ...........................................................................................................34
C.Instrument for Collecting Data ...........................................................................34
D. The Procedure of Research................................................................................35
1. Pre-test ...........................................................................................................35
2. Treatment.......................................................................................................35
3. Post-test .........................................................................................................37
4. Scoring The Test ...........................................................................................37
E. The Validity and Reliability of the Test ............................................................41
1. The Validity of the Test.................................................................................41
iv
2. The Reliability of the Test .............................................................................42
F.Technique of Analyzing the Data ......................................................................43
G. The Statistical Hypothesis .................................................................................44
CHAPTER IV
The Data Analysis and Research Findings.............................................................45
A. The Data .....................................................................................................45
B. Data Analysis .............................................................................................46
1. Data Analysis by Using Reliability ......................................................46
2. Testing Normality ................................................................................47
3. Data Analysis by Using T-Test Formula .............................................50
C. Hypothesis Testing .....................................................................................52
D. Research Findings ......................................................................................52
E. Discussion ..................................................................................................54
CHAPTER V
Conclusion and Suggestion ....................................................................................56
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................56
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................................57
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................58
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................60
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table
Page
2.1 The Example of Descriptive Text ...................................................................16
2.2 The Criteria of Scoring Test............................................................................17
2.3 The Example of Descriptive Text ...................................................................29
3.1 Research Design ..............................................................................................33
3.2 Teaching Procedure of Experimental Group...................................................35
3.3 Teaching Procedure of Control Group ............................................................36
3.4 The Scoring of Descriptive Text .....................................................................41
4.1 Testing Normality of Pre-test in Experimental Group ....................................47
4.2 Testing Normality of Post-test in Experimental Group ..................................48
4.3 Testing Normality of Pre-test in Control Group .............................................49
4.4 Testing Normality of Post-test in Control Group ............................................50
vi
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure
Page
2.1 The Example of Movie Poster..........................................................................26
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices
Page
Appendix A The Calculation of The Reliability of The Test ................................60
Appendix B Testing Normality of Pre-Test in Experimental Group ....................62
Appendix C Testing Normality of Post-Test in Experimental Group ..................63
Appendix D Testing Normality of Pre-Test in Control Group .............................64
Appendix E Testing Normality of Post-Test in Control Group ............................65
Appendix F The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Test by The Students of Control
Group ...............................................................................................66
Appendix G The Score of Pre-test and Post-test by The Students of Control
Group ................................................................................................68
Appendix H 1. The Calculation of T-Test for Experimental Group ....................70
2. the Calculation of T-Test for Control Group ...............................72
Appendix I Percentage Points of The Distribution ..............................................75
viii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of The Study
Sharples(1999:6) states that writing is necessarily, constrained. Without
constraint there can be no language or structure, just randomness. Constraints should
not be seen as restrictions on writing, but as means of focusing the writer’s attention
and channeling mental resources. Writers need suitable language to structure these
ideas in the form of a coherent discourse. The purpose, therefore, is to help learners
produce self-contained compositions. But for the learners to do so, they have to link
and develop information, ideas, or argument in logical sequences. Without writing
practice, students have difficulty in achieving clarity, which is the goal of any writing
exercise.
Based on KTSP Educational Curriculum, learning English in Senior High
School is emphasized on four skills of language. They are listening, reading,
speaking, and writing. By these four skills students are expected to have the good
prestige in their school, college, or in their place when they are working. According
to KTSP Educational Curriculum, writing is one of the skills which should be
developed in learning English. The students use writing simple to complex activities
every day such as writing notes, letters, shopping list, stories, novels, poems, essays,
conversation, including to sign or label, etc. Written product is influenced by some
elements such as vocabularies, grammar, organization, spelling, and punctuation.
2
Unfortunately, the fact is there are so many difficulties that faced by the
students in learning English. By interviewing the students and the English teacher in
SMANegeri I Aek Song-Songan, the researcher find the data and the problems that
faced by the students in learning English. The students of SMA Negeri I Aek SongSongan could not build and develop especially in expressing their ideas, choosing the
right dictions and using the grammar. The students also could not able to write a text
based on the genre even after being taught, especially in descriptive text. These
occurred because the teacher did not apply the student centered learning in a way of
teaching.
Conventional ways such as lecturing in teaching English for the students of
SMANegeri I Aek Song-Songan make the students bored and they don’t enjoying
their lessons. Explaining the materials along the teaching learning process in the
classroom will make the students get some difficulties to understand the materials and
apply it in their life. Based on the data from the English teacher, the students’
achievement is rather good. In the first semester the students’ achievement is
approximately 65 and the second semester the students’ achievement is
approximately 67. But these scores still not fulfill the KKM or the standard scoring
for English Lesson, which is the students, must get score of English in 75 for
minimum. Based on this sorrowful facts, the researcher will be conducted the media
in Teaching-Learning process in SMA Negeri I Aek Song-Songan for the students in
grade X, because media is aimed to help students to learn more effectives.
3
According to Kariman (2010:247) media can be used appropriately and
correctly based on the curriculum, can assist and enlighten the teachers’ burden to
explain language meaning and construction, engage students in a topic or as a basis of
a whole activity for practical (creativity) and for motivational reason. It means that
media is a tool of communication used to transfer information from the source to
learners to stimulate them to follow learning activity. In learning anything including
learning a foreign language, media plays a very important role because it can make
learning far more concrete and memorable.
Movie poster is one of the media that will be conducted to the students in
this research. According to Rahmadhani (2014:4) the previous researcher of movie
posters states that using movie poster will help a teacher to transfer the material,
attract the students’ attention, and illustrate what the students will write about.
Besides, the students will be interested in writing if they look at the pictures which
are provided by the teacher and they can imagine what they should write about.
Therefore using movie poster as one of the significant media can be used to increase
students’ writing achievement in descriptive text.
The previous researchers Tengku Nova Mulyana has been doing the research
of using movie poster in SMAN 1 Galang academic year 2011/2012 and found that
from 36 first grade students, there were 34 students (94,44%) achieved score 70 and
above in writing descriptive text. It can be concluded that by analyzing movie posters,
the students will give more attention to the subject to develop their descriptive ability.
Based on these facts, the researcher will be conducted the movie poster as a media in
4
teaching learning process in SMA Negeri I Aek Song-Songan for her research in
descriptive text.
B. The Problem of The Study
The problem of this study is as the following, “Is there any significant effect
of using movie posters on the students’ writing achievement in descriptive text?.”
C. The Objective of The Study
The objective of this study is aimed to find out whether using Movie Poster
affect significantly on the achievement of ten grade students in SMA Negeri I Aek
Song-songan in writing descriptive text.
D. The Scope of The Study
Descriptive text is basically a text describes someone or something. In this
study, the scope is limited to writing descriptive text based on Movie Poster as a
media in teaching-learning process. They are expected to be able to write the
descriptive by following the Movie Poster that shown.
E. The Significance of The Study
Findings of the research are expected useful for these people:
1. Writer; by having this research, the writer will enrich knowledge about
the importance of using media in teaching learning process to increase
the students’ writing achievement.
2. Teacher; through this research, teacher will find the effect of using the
movie posters as the media to teach the materials of descriptive text in
writing skill.
5
3. Students; through this research, students will increase their motivation
and mastery of writing comprehension especially in descriptive texts.
4. Researchers; through this research. The researchers will have the
references and sources to conduct the similar topic media with the
different topic discussion.
Others; this research will give them some information, data, sources about Movie
Posters as the media in teaching learning process.
56
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the data, it was concluded that the using of Movie Poster
significantly affected the students’ achievement in writing descriptive text. The using
of Movie Poster gives the better effects and results than using the conventional
method. The conclusion can be drawn as follows:
1.
The using of Movie Poster significantly affected the students’ achievement
in writing descriptive text since the t-test > t-table (3,43> 1,994; df=70) at
the level of the significance of 0,05 of two-tails test.
2.
The applying of Movie Poster in teaching writing descriptive text enables the
students to explore their ideas with their own words by thinking and to
remember the information from the movie poster in long term memory. It
means the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha)
was accepted because there was significant effect of applying Movie Poster
on students’ writing achievement.
Therefore, it can be concluded that teaching writing descriptive text by using
Movie Poster as a media has more significant effect than teaching writing by using
conventional method.
57
B. Suggestion
Based on the finding, it is suggested that:
a.
English teacher should use Movie Poster in teaching writing
descriptive because it enables the students to remember the
information from something in long term memory.
b.
English teacher should be able to make some variations in teaching
descriptive text in writing which is appropriate with the ability of
the students so that they can explore their ideas totally by thinking
and share also give and accept any comments or information from
the whole class.
c. This media learning is suitable to use for peoples with ability in
learning process in visual method.
d. The readers who are interested in further study related to this
research
should
explore
the
knowledge
to
enlarge
their
understanding about how to improve students’ writing achievement
in writing and search another references.
56
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