Prevalensi Gangguan Sendi Temporomandibula pada Lansia Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin, Kebiasaan Buruk, dan Dukungan Oklusal
61
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Ombudsman.
Profile
of
long
term
care
residents.
http://www.ltcombudsman.ny.gov/resources/TrainingManual/Module3.cfm.
15
Agustus 2014.
2.
Durakovic
Z.
Anthropology
of
aging.
http://www.eolss.net/sample-
chapters/c03/E6-20A-08-00.pdf. 20 Agustus 2014.
3.
Jubhari, Hendra E. Proses menua pada sendi temporomandibula pada pemakai
gigitiruan
lengkap.
http://isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id/index.php/Search.html?act=tamp
il&id=29810&idc=24. 19 Desember 2014.
4.
Casanova-Rosado JF, Medina-Solis CE, Vallejos-Sanchez AA, et al. Prevalence
and associated factors for tempromandibular disorders in a group of Mexican
adolescents and youth adults. Clin Oral Invest. 25 October 2005.
5.
Shet RGK, Rao S, Patel R, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint
dysfunction and its signs among the partially edentulous patients in a village of
North Gujarat. The J of Contem Dent Practice 2013; 14(6): 1151-1155.
6.
Himawan LS, Kusdhany LS, Ariani N. Temporomandibular disorders in elderly
patients. Med J Indones 2007; 16: 237 – 239.
7.
Roda RP, Bagan JV, Fernandez JMD, et al. Review of temporomandibular joint
pathology. part I: classification, epidemiology and risk factors. Med Oral Patol
Oral Cir Bucal 2007: E292 – 8.
8.
Dallanora AF, Grasel CE, Heine CP, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular
disorders in a population of complete denture wearers. The Gerodontology
Society and John Wiley & SONS A/S 2011: 1 – 4.
9.
Mundt T, Mack F, Schwahn C, et al. Gender differences in associations between
occlusal support and signs of temporomandibular disorders: results of the
population – based study of health in pomerania (SHIP). The Inter J Of Pros
2005; 18: 232 - 239.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
62
10. Al-Shumailan Y, Al-Manaseer. Temporomandibular disorder features in
complete denture patients versus patients with natural teeth; a comparative study.
Pakistan Oral & Dent J 2010; (30,1): 254 - 258.
11. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
RISKESDAS 2013. Jakarta, 2013: 1 – 306.
12. Menkokesra. Jumlah lansia Indonesia, Lima Besar Terbanyak di Dunia. 24 Maret
2013. http://2010.menkokesra.go.id/content/jumlah-lansia-indonesia-lima-besarterbanyak-di-dunia. 15 Agustus 2014.
13. Kemsos. Penduduk lanjut usia di Indonesia dan masalah kesejahteraannya. 23
Oktober2007.http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=article&
sid=522. 15 Agustus 2014.
14. Widmalm SE, Westesson P, In-Kwon K, et al.
Temporomandibular joint
pathosis related to sex, age, and dentition in autopsy material. Oral and
Maxilofacial Surgery October 1994: 416 – 424.
15. Botelho AP, Veiga MCF. Influence of sex on temporomandibular disorder pain:
a review of occurrence and development. Braz H Oral Sci 2008; 7: 1631 – 1635.
16. Bagis B, Ayaz EA, Turgut S, et al. Gender difference in prevalence of signs and
symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders: A Retrospective Study on 243
Consecutive Patients. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9(7): 539 – 544.
17. Garcia Arm Gallo AKG, Zuim PRJ, et al. Evaluation of temporomandibular
joint noise in partially edentulous patients. Acta Odontol 2008; (21,1): 21 – 27.
18. Quaker AS. Consequences of tooth loss on oral function and need for
replacement of missing teeth among patients attending Muhmbli dental clinic.
Dissertation. Tanzania: Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences.,
2011: 4 – 5.
19. Dipoyono HM. Gangguan nyeri dan bunyi kliking pada sendi temporomandibula.
Dissertation. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada, 2008: 15 – 18.
20. Hatim NA, Jameel NG, Shehab MM. Temporomandibular joint assesment of pre
and post prosthetic treatment of partially edentulous patient (Radiographic
Examination). Al Rafidain Dent J 2011; 11(1): 12 – 21.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
63
21. Saheeb BDO. Prevalence on oral and parafunctional habits in Nigerian patients
suffering in temporomandibular joint pant dysfunction. J of Bio Sci 2005; 4(1):
59 – 64.
22. Sato F, Kino K, Sugisaki M, et al. Teeth contacting habit as a contributing factor
to chronic pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Med Dent Sci
2006; 53: 103 – 109.
23. WHO.
Definition
of
an
older
or
eldery
person.
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/. 21 Agustus 2014.
25. DPR. UU 1998. https://www.dpr.go.id/uu/uu1998/UU_1998_13.pdf. 21 Agustus
2014.
26. WHO. Protecting the health of the elderly. Denmark, 1983: 1-4.
27. Rowe JW, Wang S. The biology and physiology of aging. In: Rowe JW, Beidine
RW. Geriatric Medicine. USA: Utile, Brown & Company, 2004: 1.
28. Baum BJ. Oral cavity. In: Rowe JW, Beidine RW. Geriatric medicine. USA:
Utile, Brown & Company, 2004: 157 - 165.
29. Zach L, Trieger N. The Oral Cavity. In: Biello LA. Clinical geriatrics.
Philadelphia: J.B Lippinicott Company, 2004: 657 – 671.
30. Winkler S, Massler M. Oral Aspects of aging. In: Calkins E, Davis PJ, Ford AB.
The practice of geriatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2005: 477 –
481.
31. Vick VC, Goldie MP, Shay K. Life Stages. In: Duncan L. Mosby’s dental
hygiene concepts, cases, and competencies. Canada: Elsevier, 2008: 216 – 219.
32. Ship JA. Geriatrics. In: Greenberg MS, Glick M. Burket’s oral medicine
diagnosis & treatment. Edisi 10. Spain: BC Decker Inc, 2004: 605 – 622.
33. Andresscu CF, Mihai LL, Raescu M, et al. Age influence on periodontal tissues:
a histological study. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2013; 54(3): 811 - 815.
34. Gilman P. Gerodontological nursing review and resource manual. Georgia:
American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2009: 15.
35. Lueckenotte AG. Pengkajian gerondontogi. Alih Bahasa. Maryunani A. Jakarta:
EGC, 2005: 231 – 232.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
64
36. Ingawale S, Goswami T. Temporomandibular joint disorders, treatments, and
biomechanics. Annods of Biomedical Engineering 2009; 37(5): 976 – 996.
37. Herb
K,
Cho
S,
Stiles
MA.
Temporomandibular
joint
pain
and
dysfunction.http://www.jefferson.edu/omfs/pdfs/Temporomandibular%20joint%
20pain%20and%20dysfunction.pdf. 21 Agustus 2014.
38. Okeson JE. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion.
EDITION 6. America: Elsevier, 2008: 3 – 19.
39. Blasberg B, Greenberg M. Temporomandibular disorders. In: Greenberg MS,
Glick M. Burket’s oral medicine diagnosis & treatment. Edisi 10. Spain: BC
Decker Inc, 2004: 271 – 306.
40. Hebert LA. Overcoming TMJ. USA: IMPACC USA, 2004: 1 – 36.
41. Coulthard P, Horner K, Sloan P, et al. Oral & maxillofacial surgery, radiology,
pathology and oral Medicine. China: Elsevier, 2009: 239 – 244.
42. Norton NS. Netter’s head and neck anatomy for dentistry. China: Elsevier, 2006:
245 – 265.
43. Thomson H. Oklusi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2007: 3.
44. Courts. Temporomandibular joint disorders. http://www.courts.ri.gov/Courts/wo
rkerscompensationcourt/MedicalAdvisoryBoard/PDFs/24%20Temporomandibul
ar%20Join%20Disorders.pdf. 21 Agustus 2014.
45. Neville, et al. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. India: Elsevier, 2004: 758.
46. Benoliel R, Sharav Y. Orofacial pain and headache. China: Elsevier, 2008: 109 –
147.
47. Dubnerr R, Ren K, Sessle BJ. Sensory mechanisms of orofacial pain. In: Laskin
DM, Greene CS. Treatment of TMDs: Bridging the gap between advances in
research and clinical patient management. China: Quintessence Publishing Co
Inc, 2013: 3,18.
48. Booth PW, Corrigan M, McGurk M. The face, mouth, tongue and jaws: the
maxillofacialregion.https://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/media/us/samplechapters/
9780443072116/9780443072116.pdf. 21 Agustus 2014.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
65
49. NCBI. Occurence of clinical signs of temporomandibular disorder in adult finns.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16913430. 21 Agustus 2014. (abstract)
50. Khasanah. Pengaruh gangguan sendi temporomandibula terhadap kualitas hidup.
01 Agustus 2012. http://eprints.undip.ac.id/37375/1/ANI_I_K_I_K_G2A008023
_AP_KTI.pdf. 30 April 2015.
51. Dhaenkpedro. Nyeri temporomandibular. https://dhaenkpedro.wordpress.com
/nyeri-temporomandibular-2/. 8 Mei 2015.
52. Lemanvar. Akibat dari kehilangan gigi. http://www.academia.edu/7782390/2
_and_3. 30 April 2015.
53. Aryanti S. Penanggulangan gangguan sendi temporomandibula akibat kelainan
oklusi secara konservatif. 14 Juni 2007. http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/1234
56789/7904/1/09E01617.pdf. 11 Mei 2015.
54. Yoshino K, Kikuwa I, Yoda Y, dkk. Relationship between Eichner Index and
number of present teeth. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2012; 53(1): 37-40.
55. Basafa M, Shahabee M. Prevalence of TMJ disorders among students and its
relation to malocllusion. The Iranian J of Otorhinolaryngology 2006; 18(45): 5359.
56. Mohlin B, Axellson S, Paulin G, dkk. TMD in relation to malocllusion and
orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthodontist 2007; 77(3): 542-548.
57. Belotte-Laupie L, Sayagh M, Maniere-Ezvan, dkk. Malfunction of masticatory
system. J Dentofacial Anom Orthod 2011; 207: 1-12.
58. Sale H, Isberg A. Delayed temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction
induced by whiplash trauma. Jada 2007; 138: 1084 – 1091.
59. Academy of
Prosthodontics.
The
glossary of
prosthodontic
terms.
http://www.academyofprosthodontics.org/_Library/ap_articles_download/GPT8.
pdf. 25 Februari 2015.
60. RDC.
Research
diagnostic
criteria
for
temporomandibular
disorders.
http://www.rdctmdinternational.org/Portals/18/protocol_RDC/RDC%20Booklet_
updated%202011.pdf. 2 Februari 2015.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
66
61. Statistik. Perbandingan jumlah laki-laki:perempuan (total). http://statistik.ptkpt.n
et/_a.php?_a=penduduk_ratio&info1=4. 26 Juni 2015.
62. CIA. The world factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/fields/2018.html. 26 Juni 2015.
63. LiveScience. Why are more boys born that girls?. http://www.livescience.com/33
491-male-female-sex-ratio.html. 26 Juni 2015.
64. Liputan6. Ini sebabnya jumlah perempuan lebih banyak dibanding laki-laki.
http://health.liputan6.com/read/2206339/ini-sebabnya-jumlah-perempuan-lebihbanyak-dibanding-laki-laki. 26 Juni 2015.
65. Wang MQ, Xue F, He JJ, dkk. Missing posterior teeth and risk of
temporomandibular disorders. September 2010. https://www.dentalaegis.com
/id/2010/09/missing-posterior-teeth-and-risk-of
temporomandibular-disorders.6
April 2015.
66. Osama A, Al-Jabrah, Yourself R, dkk. Prevalence of temporomandbular disorder
sign in patients with complete versus partial dentures. September 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16636843. 6 April 2015.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Ombudsman.
Profile
of
long
term
care
residents.
http://www.ltcombudsman.ny.gov/resources/TrainingManual/Module3.cfm.
15
Agustus 2014.
2.
Durakovic
Z.
Anthropology
of
aging.
http://www.eolss.net/sample-
chapters/c03/E6-20A-08-00.pdf. 20 Agustus 2014.
3.
Jubhari, Hendra E. Proses menua pada sendi temporomandibula pada pemakai
gigitiruan
lengkap.
http://isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id/index.php/Search.html?act=tamp
il&id=29810&idc=24. 19 Desember 2014.
4.
Casanova-Rosado JF, Medina-Solis CE, Vallejos-Sanchez AA, et al. Prevalence
and associated factors for tempromandibular disorders in a group of Mexican
adolescents and youth adults. Clin Oral Invest. 25 October 2005.
5.
Shet RGK, Rao S, Patel R, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint
dysfunction and its signs among the partially edentulous patients in a village of
North Gujarat. The J of Contem Dent Practice 2013; 14(6): 1151-1155.
6.
Himawan LS, Kusdhany LS, Ariani N. Temporomandibular disorders in elderly
patients. Med J Indones 2007; 16: 237 – 239.
7.
Roda RP, Bagan JV, Fernandez JMD, et al. Review of temporomandibular joint
pathology. part I: classification, epidemiology and risk factors. Med Oral Patol
Oral Cir Bucal 2007: E292 – 8.
8.
Dallanora AF, Grasel CE, Heine CP, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular
disorders in a population of complete denture wearers. The Gerodontology
Society and John Wiley & SONS A/S 2011: 1 – 4.
9.
Mundt T, Mack F, Schwahn C, et al. Gender differences in associations between
occlusal support and signs of temporomandibular disorders: results of the
population – based study of health in pomerania (SHIP). The Inter J Of Pros
2005; 18: 232 - 239.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
62
10. Al-Shumailan Y, Al-Manaseer. Temporomandibular disorder features in
complete denture patients versus patients with natural teeth; a comparative study.
Pakistan Oral & Dent J 2010; (30,1): 254 - 258.
11. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
RISKESDAS 2013. Jakarta, 2013: 1 – 306.
12. Menkokesra. Jumlah lansia Indonesia, Lima Besar Terbanyak di Dunia. 24 Maret
2013. http://2010.menkokesra.go.id/content/jumlah-lansia-indonesia-lima-besarterbanyak-di-dunia. 15 Agustus 2014.
13. Kemsos. Penduduk lanjut usia di Indonesia dan masalah kesejahteraannya. 23
Oktober2007.http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=article&
sid=522. 15 Agustus 2014.
14. Widmalm SE, Westesson P, In-Kwon K, et al.
Temporomandibular joint
pathosis related to sex, age, and dentition in autopsy material. Oral and
Maxilofacial Surgery October 1994: 416 – 424.
15. Botelho AP, Veiga MCF. Influence of sex on temporomandibular disorder pain:
a review of occurrence and development. Braz H Oral Sci 2008; 7: 1631 – 1635.
16. Bagis B, Ayaz EA, Turgut S, et al. Gender difference in prevalence of signs and
symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders: A Retrospective Study on 243
Consecutive Patients. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9(7): 539 – 544.
17. Garcia Arm Gallo AKG, Zuim PRJ, et al. Evaluation of temporomandibular
joint noise in partially edentulous patients. Acta Odontol 2008; (21,1): 21 – 27.
18. Quaker AS. Consequences of tooth loss on oral function and need for
replacement of missing teeth among patients attending Muhmbli dental clinic.
Dissertation. Tanzania: Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences.,
2011: 4 – 5.
19. Dipoyono HM. Gangguan nyeri dan bunyi kliking pada sendi temporomandibula.
Dissertation. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada, 2008: 15 – 18.
20. Hatim NA, Jameel NG, Shehab MM. Temporomandibular joint assesment of pre
and post prosthetic treatment of partially edentulous patient (Radiographic
Examination). Al Rafidain Dent J 2011; 11(1): 12 – 21.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
63
21. Saheeb BDO. Prevalence on oral and parafunctional habits in Nigerian patients
suffering in temporomandibular joint pant dysfunction. J of Bio Sci 2005; 4(1):
59 – 64.
22. Sato F, Kino K, Sugisaki M, et al. Teeth contacting habit as a contributing factor
to chronic pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Med Dent Sci
2006; 53: 103 – 109.
23. WHO.
Definition
of
an
older
or
eldery
person.
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/. 21 Agustus 2014.
25. DPR. UU 1998. https://www.dpr.go.id/uu/uu1998/UU_1998_13.pdf. 21 Agustus
2014.
26. WHO. Protecting the health of the elderly. Denmark, 1983: 1-4.
27. Rowe JW, Wang S. The biology and physiology of aging. In: Rowe JW, Beidine
RW. Geriatric Medicine. USA: Utile, Brown & Company, 2004: 1.
28. Baum BJ. Oral cavity. In: Rowe JW, Beidine RW. Geriatric medicine. USA:
Utile, Brown & Company, 2004: 157 - 165.
29. Zach L, Trieger N. The Oral Cavity. In: Biello LA. Clinical geriatrics.
Philadelphia: J.B Lippinicott Company, 2004: 657 – 671.
30. Winkler S, Massler M. Oral Aspects of aging. In: Calkins E, Davis PJ, Ford AB.
The practice of geriatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2005: 477 –
481.
31. Vick VC, Goldie MP, Shay K. Life Stages. In: Duncan L. Mosby’s dental
hygiene concepts, cases, and competencies. Canada: Elsevier, 2008: 216 – 219.
32. Ship JA. Geriatrics. In: Greenberg MS, Glick M. Burket’s oral medicine
diagnosis & treatment. Edisi 10. Spain: BC Decker Inc, 2004: 605 – 622.
33. Andresscu CF, Mihai LL, Raescu M, et al. Age influence on periodontal tissues:
a histological study. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2013; 54(3): 811 - 815.
34. Gilman P. Gerodontological nursing review and resource manual. Georgia:
American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2009: 15.
35. Lueckenotte AG. Pengkajian gerondontogi. Alih Bahasa. Maryunani A. Jakarta:
EGC, 2005: 231 – 232.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
64
36. Ingawale S, Goswami T. Temporomandibular joint disorders, treatments, and
biomechanics. Annods of Biomedical Engineering 2009; 37(5): 976 – 996.
37. Herb
K,
Cho
S,
Stiles
MA.
Temporomandibular
joint
pain
and
dysfunction.http://www.jefferson.edu/omfs/pdfs/Temporomandibular%20joint%
20pain%20and%20dysfunction.pdf. 21 Agustus 2014.
38. Okeson JE. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion.
EDITION 6. America: Elsevier, 2008: 3 – 19.
39. Blasberg B, Greenberg M. Temporomandibular disorders. In: Greenberg MS,
Glick M. Burket’s oral medicine diagnosis & treatment. Edisi 10. Spain: BC
Decker Inc, 2004: 271 – 306.
40. Hebert LA. Overcoming TMJ. USA: IMPACC USA, 2004: 1 – 36.
41. Coulthard P, Horner K, Sloan P, et al. Oral & maxillofacial surgery, radiology,
pathology and oral Medicine. China: Elsevier, 2009: 239 – 244.
42. Norton NS. Netter’s head and neck anatomy for dentistry. China: Elsevier, 2006:
245 – 265.
43. Thomson H. Oklusi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2007: 3.
44. Courts. Temporomandibular joint disorders. http://www.courts.ri.gov/Courts/wo
rkerscompensationcourt/MedicalAdvisoryBoard/PDFs/24%20Temporomandibul
ar%20Join%20Disorders.pdf. 21 Agustus 2014.
45. Neville, et al. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. India: Elsevier, 2004: 758.
46. Benoliel R, Sharav Y. Orofacial pain and headache. China: Elsevier, 2008: 109 –
147.
47. Dubnerr R, Ren K, Sessle BJ. Sensory mechanisms of orofacial pain. In: Laskin
DM, Greene CS. Treatment of TMDs: Bridging the gap between advances in
research and clinical patient management. China: Quintessence Publishing Co
Inc, 2013: 3,18.
48. Booth PW, Corrigan M, McGurk M. The face, mouth, tongue and jaws: the
maxillofacialregion.https://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/media/us/samplechapters/
9780443072116/9780443072116.pdf. 21 Agustus 2014.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
65
49. NCBI. Occurence of clinical signs of temporomandibular disorder in adult finns.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16913430. 21 Agustus 2014. (abstract)
50. Khasanah. Pengaruh gangguan sendi temporomandibula terhadap kualitas hidup.
01 Agustus 2012. http://eprints.undip.ac.id/37375/1/ANI_I_K_I_K_G2A008023
_AP_KTI.pdf. 30 April 2015.
51. Dhaenkpedro. Nyeri temporomandibular. https://dhaenkpedro.wordpress.com
/nyeri-temporomandibular-2/. 8 Mei 2015.
52. Lemanvar. Akibat dari kehilangan gigi. http://www.academia.edu/7782390/2
_and_3. 30 April 2015.
53. Aryanti S. Penanggulangan gangguan sendi temporomandibula akibat kelainan
oklusi secara konservatif. 14 Juni 2007. http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/1234
56789/7904/1/09E01617.pdf. 11 Mei 2015.
54. Yoshino K, Kikuwa I, Yoda Y, dkk. Relationship between Eichner Index and
number of present teeth. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2012; 53(1): 37-40.
55. Basafa M, Shahabee M. Prevalence of TMJ disorders among students and its
relation to malocllusion. The Iranian J of Otorhinolaryngology 2006; 18(45): 5359.
56. Mohlin B, Axellson S, Paulin G, dkk. TMD in relation to malocllusion and
orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthodontist 2007; 77(3): 542-548.
57. Belotte-Laupie L, Sayagh M, Maniere-Ezvan, dkk. Malfunction of masticatory
system. J Dentofacial Anom Orthod 2011; 207: 1-12.
58. Sale H, Isberg A. Delayed temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction
induced by whiplash trauma. Jada 2007; 138: 1084 – 1091.
59. Academy of
Prosthodontics.
The
glossary of
prosthodontic
terms.
http://www.academyofprosthodontics.org/_Library/ap_articles_download/GPT8.
pdf. 25 Februari 2015.
60. RDC.
Research
diagnostic
criteria
for
temporomandibular
disorders.
http://www.rdctmdinternational.org/Portals/18/protocol_RDC/RDC%20Booklet_
updated%202011.pdf. 2 Februari 2015.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
66
61. Statistik. Perbandingan jumlah laki-laki:perempuan (total). http://statistik.ptkpt.n
et/_a.php?_a=penduduk_ratio&info1=4. 26 Juni 2015.
62. CIA. The world factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/fields/2018.html. 26 Juni 2015.
63. LiveScience. Why are more boys born that girls?. http://www.livescience.com/33
491-male-female-sex-ratio.html. 26 Juni 2015.
64. Liputan6. Ini sebabnya jumlah perempuan lebih banyak dibanding laki-laki.
http://health.liputan6.com/read/2206339/ini-sebabnya-jumlah-perempuan-lebihbanyak-dibanding-laki-laki. 26 Juni 2015.
65. Wang MQ, Xue F, He JJ, dkk. Missing posterior teeth and risk of
temporomandibular disorders. September 2010. https://www.dentalaegis.com
/id/2010/09/missing-posterior-teeth-and-risk-of
temporomandibular-disorders.6
April 2015.
66. Osama A, Al-Jabrah, Yourself R, dkk. Prevalence of temporomandbular disorder
sign in patients with complete versus partial dentures. September 2006.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16636843. 6 April 2015.
Universitas Sumatera Utara