MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SPORT COLUMN IN JAKARTA POST A GRADUATING PAPER Submitted to the Board of Examiners in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) English Education Department of Teacher Training a
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SPORT COLUMN
IN JAKARTA POST
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I)
English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
Writer by:
BINTI HABIBAH
113 09 100
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN)
SALATIGA
2 0 1 6
Motto
Abu Hamzah Anas bin Malik, radiyallahu
„anhu, who was the servant of the
Messenger of Allah,sallallahu
„alayhi wasallam, reported that the
Prophet, sallallahu
„alayhi wasallam, said: ―None of you truly believes (in Allah
and in His religion) until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.‖ [Al- Bukhari & Muslim]
DEDICATION
This work is sincerely dedicated for: My beloved parents Soleh and Suwati, who always pray for me to become better person in this life, I love you so much.
My husband Muhlas Aris that always supports me, and my little son Ibrahim I love you honey.
All my sisters and brothers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirohmanirokhim, In the name of Allah, the most gracious and merciful, the kings of universe and spece. Thank to Allah becouse the writer could complete this graduating paper as one of requerement to finishing study in English Departement faculty of States for Institute Islamic Studies.
This grdaduating paper would not have been completed without support,guidence and help from individual‘s institution. Therefore, writer would like to express special thank to: 1.
Rahmat Hariyadi, M.Pd. as the Rector of State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga 2. Suwardi, M.Pd. as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of State Iinstitute of Islamic studies (IAIN) Salatiga 3. Noor Malihah,M. Hum Ph.D as the Head of English Education
Departement 4. Rr. Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari, M.Pd as the consultant of this graduating paper. Thanks for all your suggestions, recommendation and supporst for this graduating paper from the begining until the end 5. All of the lecturers in English Education Departement of (IAIN)
Salatiga
TABLES OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................... i
DECLARATION .............................................................................................. ii
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTE ............................................................. iii
MOTTO ............................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEGEMENT .................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES .....................................................................xii
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................... 1 B. Problems of the Study ....................................................................... 3 C. Objective of the Study ....................................................................... 3 D. Limitation of the Problem ................................................................. 4 E. Benefits of the Study ......................................................................... 4 F. Definition of the Key Terms .............................................................. 5 G. Graduating Paper ............................................................................... 8CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................... 9
A. Previous of Study .............................................................................. 9B.
Definition of Morphology ................................................................. 11 C. Morphological Forms ........................................................................ 12 D. Newspaper ......................................................................................... 14 E. Word .................................................................................................. 15 F. Blending ........................................................................................... 17 G.
Acronym ........................................................................................... 22 H. Clipping ............................................................................................. 24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................... 25
A. Research Approach ........................................................................... 25 B. Object of the Research ....................................................................... 26 C. Technique of Collecting Data ............................................................ 26 D. Technique of Anaylzing Data ............................................................ 26 E. Coding ............................................................................................... 27CHAPTER IV: DATA PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION ................. 29
A. Data Presentation ............................................................................... 29 1. Blending ..................................................................................... 31 2. Acronym ..................................................................................... 37 3. Clipping ...................................................................................... 43 B. Discussion .......................................................................................... 47
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................. 49
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 49 B. Suggestion ......................................................................................... 50 REFERENCES APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
Table 3.1 Type of Coding .................................................................................. 27Table 4.1 Type of Morphological Analysis ...................................................... 29Figure 4.1 Figure of Morphological Analysis ................................................... 30Table 4.2 Type of Blending ............................................................................... 31Figure 4.2 Figure Type of Blending ................................................................... 32Table 4.3 Table Type of Blending ..................................................................... 33Table 4.4 Table of Acronym .............................................................................. 37Figure 4.3 Figure Type of Acronym .................................................................. 38Table 4.5 Table Type of Acronym ..................................................................... 38Table 4.6 Table of Clipping ............................................................................... 43Figure 4.4 Figure Type of Clipping ................................................................... 44Table 4.7 Table Type of Clipping ...................................................................... 44
ABSTRACT
This writer aims at describing of morphological analysis of the sport column of Jakarta sport. In this research, the writer has tried to answer one main research question: to describe morphological analysis of the sport Colum of Jakarta sport. This research is based on the on line article in Jakarta Post on 20 May 2014 until 13 August 2014. The writer used the descriptive qualitative approach to analyze morphological items in the sport column of Jakarta sport. The result of the study show that there are types of morphological: (1) blending namely is blending the beginning of the first word and the second word, blending whole words first and said second portion, blending some of the words said first and second overall; (2) Acronym namely is pronounced as a word, containing only initial letters, Shortcut incorporated into name, pronounced only as the names of letters; 3. Clipping namely is Back clipping, fore-clipping, complex clipping.
Key words: morphological analysis, sport column of Jakarta sport.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Every person believes that communication makes somebody exist in
life. This communication becomes main part in their life. Human uses language as the way to comuincite. Language makes people enable to have more interaction with other to convey their ideas, feelings, or thoughts. The communication that happened around people must be say clearly, so that others can understand. It means that the message accepted by someone who talk with we or someone we talk to.
Commonly people make communication with bad structure. It is not a big problem because the most important thing of communication is their language can be understood and accepted by others. It is equally with the argument of Parker (1986:12) that what people have to do in communication is how the use language to communicate rather that the way of language is structured internally. Like what Yule (1996:47) said that in the effort to express and asserting himself, people not only produce grammatical structure sentences but they also produce or show action in that language.
Language reflects not only in communication but also in writing such as in magazine, newspaper, letter, and includes manuscript on some documents in movies and history. Many people like reading newspaper but according to me not all of them understand about the form or the function of language is used. Sometimes, they do not care about the form or the function of communication used in the newspaper. Not all of people are interested to magazine, so they read the newspaper just to know the hot news or the update news.
Actually, from a newspaper, they can learn another subject, when they read. Reader can learn about the vocabulary, meaning, and the language.
Those studies are the branch of linguistics sciences such morphology. Both of those linguistics sciences can help us understand about the language inside the language in the newspaper.
Recently people like to speak using blending, but not actually blending as truly blending as well as blending used a good morphology. Such as ―motel‖ means ―motor and hotel‖. Everybody must understand with the improvement of language.
As the candidate of teacher I am very interested to pay attention to this case. I think it is very interested because it is to update my knowledge about the world development. In the past time the reader did not know blending as the common language in communication, but right now reader must know and understand what is blending.
Yule (2010: 55-56) says that the combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in the process called blending.
Crystal (1994: 130) said that the blending is ―A lexical blend, as its name suggests, takes two lexemes which overlap in form, and blends them together.‖ Blending is an area of word formation where cleverness can be rewarded by instant popularity: sexploitation from the seventies, the Chunnel from the eighties are common words now it as the phenomena they describe, the words guesstimate, testifying, pagejacking, spamouflage, comp fusion, and explornography will probably elicit a smile."for (R. P. Stockwell and D. Minkova, English Words. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001).
In this case, the writer focuses on morphologi analyzing in sport coloum on Jakarta sport. This newspaper from Jakarta city and be read other people.
B. Problems of the Study 1.
What are the blending formations which can be found in the sport Column of Jakarta sport?
2. What are the acronym formations which can be found in the sport Column of Jakarta sport?
3. What are the clipping formations which can be found in the sport Column of Jakarta sport?
C. Objectives of the Study
Based on the problems of study, the study objectives are: 1.
To find out the blending formation of sport column in Jakarta Post.
2. To find out the acronym formation of sport column in Jakarta Post.
3. To find out the clipping formation of sport column in Jakarta Post.
D. Limitation of the Problem
The writer limits the problem at the meaning and the use acronym, blending and clipping in sport column of Jakarta post on 20 May 2014 until
13 August 2014.
E. Benefits of the Study
The writer hopes that this study gives some benefits as follow: 1. Theoretical benefit
In this writer, the writer expects that this study is able to contribute in English language studies material, especially in understanding the acronimisation, blending and clipping terms in newspaper.
2. Practical benefit a.
For writer This writer is able to improve the writer‘s ability to comprehend this study and understand about the acronimisation, blending and clipping terms.
b.
For reader The result of this study is able to be used us reference to study terms and it can be used as supplementary readings in the study of morphology.
c.
For other researcher The result of this study can be used as one of the reference and information for further writer related to the field.
F. Definition of the Key Terms
In this study the writer explains some key terms that can be explained shortly. The writer thinks that the explanations are enough to be understood.
1. Morphology According to Eugene A. Nida (1956:1), morphology is the study of morphemes and their arrangements in forming words. Although they are often understood as units of meaning, they are usually considered a part of a language's syntax or grammar. From the statement is knew that morphology is important for the linguistics. Morphology learn about the change and the development of a language syntax. Every language develop every time, in this case the writer think that the linguist must mastered morphology to make their language good and up to date.
Sometime a word in a language can be type to be many types, like in English language there are for types. The types are infinitive, past tense, past participle, and present participle. Certainly each type have different meaning. Based on the type of the word the reader must understand the change of type.
2. Blending According to O‘Grady (1992 : 133-134) blending is the combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in the process. In the other hand the writer can say that blending can be derived from more than one word or some words.
For examples: a.
Filmography derived from ―film‖ and ―biography‖ b.
Paratrooper derived from ―parachutist‖ and ―trooper‖ c. Docudrama derived from ―documentary‖ and ―drama‖
Some examples above show that blending is derived from two words and have a new meaning after became a new word.
By using the concept of O'Grady (1992 : 130), blending can be classified into the following categories: a.
The beginning of one word is added to the end of the other.
b.
The beginnings of two words are combined.
c.
The one complete word is combined with part of another word.
d.
Two words are blended around a common sequence of sounds.
e.
Multiple sounds from two component words are blended, while mostly preserving the sound‘ order.
3. Sport
According to Oxford dictionary (1986:07) is an activity Generally sport is defined as a physics or psycology activity of people used to keep and increase their health quality. Physical activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively and a particular form of this activity. Example: , as racing, baseball, tennis, golf, bowling, wrestling, boxing, hunting, fishing, etc.
4. Newspaper
Newspaper is mass printed publication usually issued everyday with advertisement (Hornby,1987:567). Newspaper becomes one of many sources of information in the past up to now, it can be gotten easy and cheap.
Newspaper is a kind of mass media gives us information about daily event. Generally newspaper is a commercial activity from the publisher itself. The writing in the newspaper is resulted from the journalist. The journalist duty is write the interested daily event among society, mass media assued daily or weekly that consist of several issue. It is to make indirect comunication and interaction between the sorces and the receivers. Newspaper has important role and position in our daily life because it is able to provide many events around the world. Newspaper is one mass media that has some functions, they are informing, influencing, educating and entertaining, it can be a link of social phenomena include news, lifestyle and article.
G. Graduating Paper Organization
In this section, the writer discuss some terms in chapter one into last chapters as follows: Chapter I is introduction, it describes of the background of the study problem of the study, purpose of the study that consist of the objective of the research, benefits of the study the key terms, and then outline of the graduating paper.
Chapter II is review of literature, it covers previous study, this chapter mentions the theories which used by the writer has the theories one about blending, acronym and clipping.
Chapter III is discusses about research method. It deals with research approach, object of the study, technique collections data, technique of data analysis and coding.
Chapter IV is data presentation and discussion. It informs the morphological analysis. Chapter V is conclusion and suggestion. The writer states the study in summary that includes of conclusion and suggestion. For the last part of this graduating paper are references and appendixes.
CHAPTER II PREVIOUS OF LITERATURE A. Previous Study To support this research, the writer used theory from O‘grady (1992:
133) and Lieber (2009:20) and Marchand (1969: 103): 1.
Blending is the combination of two separate from to produce a single new term is also present in the process
2. Acronym is initialize, the consist of letters the first of the phase and is pronoun as a series of letters
3. Clipping is the process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts.
Based on Cynthia Tumewan‘s research (2013:1-40), She is student sam latu langi Manado university. she made an article by the title ―Kreasi Kata dalam
Bahasa Inggris‖. Word creation is a process to produce new words. In communication, people use word to express their feelings and to deliver their ideas. In other words, they need words to communicate with others verbally or non-verbally. Communication is a medium to build a relation among people. People use language to do communication.
In her study Cynthia uses some theories to find the kind of word formation of ―kreasi kata dalam bahasa inggris‖ in some articles, dictionaries, newspapers, magazines and other linguistic textbooks. She uses the theory of word-formation processes by George Yule (1985.53) word formation process as a way of forming and creating new word from the use of old word. This study may add the writer's reference of study the word- formation processes. Yet, there are differences in Cynthia study and the writer's study. The writer‘s study is specific in blending, acronym and clipping only but in Cynthia‘s research, she observes about clipping, blending, back formation, acronym and coinage. The subject of the study is different. The subject ―kreasi kata dalam bahasa inggris‖ in Cynthia's study is written words by some articles, dictionaries, newspapers, magazines and other linguistic textbooks in internet while the subject of the writer in this study is written words from „sport column in “Jakarta post magazine”. Through Cynthia‘s observation in her study, she found out that the kind of ―kreasi kata dalam bahasa inggris” in some articles, dictionaries newspapers, magazines and other linguistic textbooks in internet. The writer‘s study will observe and study the kind of blending, acronym and clipping process used in
sport column in “Jakarta post magazine”.
In addition, the writer limited the study only on newspaper especially in sport column only. Although our data is same emphasized on English written text but the data is different.
B. Definition of Morphology
According to O‘Grady (1997 :22) morphology is the system of categories and rules involved in word formation and interpretation. While according to Dorfman defines morphology as the study of the ways and methods of grouping sounds into sound-complexes or words.
In other said Crystal (1980:10) states that the morphology is the branch of grammar, the studies the structure of the primary forms of words trough these of the morpheme constructs. Supporting Crystal, Hockett (1957:307) said morphology is derived from the English language morphology consisting of Morpheme + logos word. Morph means form, logos means science. In morpheme morphology includes elements (including morpheme and free morpheme) and morpho-phonemic. However, Bloomfield (1997:213) argues that morphology is the study of the constructions in which sound forms appear among the constituents.
Based on the paragraph above, it is clearly that actually morphology is the study of language that studies the structure of the formation of related to the word changes to form a meaning. Basically the word change is depended on the language character itself.
C. Morphological Forms 1. Morpheme
According to Akmajian (2004:17), morpheme is the basic parts of a complec word that is, the different building bloks that make it up. Besidies that a minimal unit of mening or grammatical function is also called morpheme. As Mullany and Stokwell (2010:6) morpheme is the smallest meningful unit of language. In morphology, morphemes are classified into : a.
Free morpheme
Free morpheme is morphemes that cannot stand alone besome a word or can stand on their own as fully fledge words. Yale, in forms
(2006:63) free morpheme is morpeme that can stand by them as single word in examples.
Yale (2006: 63) (1) Breackfast and lunch.
Breakfast and lunch are morpheme that can stand alone. (2) Coffee and shop. Coffee and shop are morpheme which can stand alone.
b. Bound morpheme
Akmajian (2004:18) stated that abound morpheme cannot stand alone but must be attachesd to another morpheme.For example: the plurar morpheme
- –s, which can only occur attached to nouns, or
cran-, which must be combined with berry (or, more recently, with apple, grape, or same other fruit). Certain bound morpheme are know
as affixes (e.g
- –s ). According to the writer this term is very clear and can be accept easily, why? Because is certainly that the morpheme is need the main word to be a principle word. The principle word can be added by some affixes in order to have different meaning in each new word. To know more about affixes, the writer tries to explain the kinds of affixes bellow. Actually there are three kinds of affixes those are: b.1. Prefix Prefix is a letter or group of letters to the front of a word to change its meaning. Affixes are referrend to as prefix when they are attached to the beginning of another morpheme.
A lettter or group of letter which are attached within another morpheme is called infix. According to Yale (2006:58), infix is an affix that is incorporated inside another word. b.3. Suffix
It‘s called suffix when a letter or group of letter attached to the end of another morpheme (Akamajian, 2004:18).
For example: -ize in words such as modernize, From the explanation above kinds of affixes the writer think that every affix will influences to the word that be affixed whereas prefix,infix or suffix.
D. Newspaper
Newspaper is printed publication usually issued everyday with advertisement (Hornb,1987:567). The writer thinks thatnewspaper in one of information sources, it is a kind of written mass media issued daily or weekly that consist of several issues. It is to make indirect comunication and interaction berween the informing and rexeivers. Newspaper has important role and position in our daily life because it is able to provide many events around the world. Newspaper one of mass media that has some funcions, they are informing, influencing, educating, and entertaining. It can be a link of social phenomena in our country. The phenomena include news, lifestyle and article.
Generally newspaper is a commercial activity from the publisher itself, the writing in the newspaper is resulted from the journalist. The journalist duty is write the interested daily event among society. The newspaper consists of paper, reporting, printing editorial comment, announcements, reading matter, commercial advertising, classified advertising, legal advertising, and other notices. Everyday much people looking the ewspaper to know the news or the hotnews, or actual news.
E. Word
Word is a speach sound or combination of sound having meaning and used as basic unit of language and human comunication. According to Mullany and Stockwell (2010:6), what is the smallest cung of meaningful language, a unit made up only individually meaningless sound (if spoken) or lettres (if writen).
Word is menimun free fom this means that word is the found that can be expressed independently and has its own meaning withoud separating each other (Bloumfield,1976:175). Word plays and integral role in the human ability to use language creatively. Far from being a static repository of memorized information, a human vocabulary is a dynamic system. Based on the explanation above the definition of word is the smalles free from can be found in the language.
There are part of word : 1.
Noun
Noun is word that refers to a person, a place, or a thing, a quility or an activity. As Yule (2006:74) said, noun is word used to refers to people, object, creatures, places, qualities, phenomena, and abstrack idieas. From that statement the writer think that noun talk about many things but are not activity or adverbial. To know more about noun the writer writes some example of noun such as: table, newspaper, magazine, novel, house, mountain, people etcetera. Nouns can be singular or plural.
The plural form of a noun is usually formed by adding s at the end of the noun. But this is not always the case. There are exceptions to the rule.
Sare irregular, but it does not be a case. Yule gives examples as bellow: a. An abstract noun names an idea, event, quality, or concept such as freedom, love, courage.
b. Animate nouns refer to a person, animal, or other creature such as
man, elephant, chicken. An inanimate noun refers to a material object such as stone, wood, table.
c. A collective noun describes a group of things or people as a unit
such as family, flock, audience.
d. Common noun is the name of a group of similar things such as
table, book, and window. Proper nouns , however, refer to thename of a single person, place or thing such as John, Joseph, and London.
e. Compound nouns refer to two or more nouns combined to form a
single noun such as sister-in-law, schoolboy, and fruit juice.
ve a singular and a plural form. In plural, these nouns can be used with a number- they can be counted.
Friends, chairs, houses, boys. however, can only be used in singular. They can't be counted.
Money, bread, water, coffee.
2. Verb
Verb is word or phrase that expresses an action, an event or a state. Its verying arrangements with nouns determine the different kinds of sentence-statements, question, commands and exclamantions.One noun and one verb are the minimum needed to make a complete sentence
—for examples:
a. It flew, over the table
b. We waited, you here
c. I buy a book,
d. They go,
e. We watch TV, F.
Blending
Yule (2006:55) defines that blending is the combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term. In another definition blending is the fusion word into one, usually the first part of one word with the last of another, so that the resultant blend consists of both original meanigs. From the statement the writer tries to explain about blending. The examples of blending below: a. smoke + haze = smaze b. smoke + murk = smurk c. binary + digit = bit d. television + broadcast = telecast e. information + entertainment = infotainment f. simultaneous + broadcast = simulcast g. teleprinter + exchange = telex.
From the examples above the writer know that blending is derived from more than one word and it is a result of a fusion or combination between some words.
Despite the interest they attract due to their creative nature and their typological unusualness, lexical blends have been little more than a footnote in the study of morphology in modern linguistics. Bauer (1988: 39) sums up their peripheral status as follows: ―It is extremely doubtful whether such words can be analyzed into morphs, and thus whether they form a real part of morphology.‖ In standard, building-block theories of morphology, morphemes are concatenated into larger units, words, which are in turn concatenated into syntactic phrases. Such theories seem to work reasonably well for the typologically most widespread morphological processes, inflection, derivation and compounding, since in these processes the source elements contribute morphological elements, either roots or affixes, which are then concatenated in the target word. Although there are standard difficulties, such as the widespread phonological fusion found in inflection and derivation, at least the source elements are generally recognizable morphemes whose boundaries line up in the target, or at worst, are blurred together in the same phonological stretch. Blending, however, is a different story. It proses a very difficult problem for building block theories for a number of reasons.
Most obviously, although blending seems to require some kind of compositionality, morpheme boundaries found in the source elements not only do not necessarily coincide in the target, but in fact are not even relevant to the structure of the blend. The extreme case of this is found in intercalating blends, in which source elements are split up and distributed in such a way as to generally echo the sound of the source word, but without remotely reproducing their morphological structure.To some linguists above the writer try to make a short explanation, that the blending is combination between some words whereas make a new word and has new meaning too.
The general effect of phonological similarities on blends, including the apparently powerful effect of syllable structure, makes them very hard to handle with traditional grammatical ma- chinery. The amount of similar structure can vary a great deal, so it is impossible to state a general formal rule that will license some blends and exclude others. Moreover, the effects of similarity at what are usually treated as different levels of sound structure (features, phonemes, and syllables) is extremely difficult to capture in a set of rules; rules are generally stated in terms of one specific kind of information.
For example, phonotactic generalizations are tradi- tionally treated differently from individual segmental representations; segmental phonology is treated separately from syllabic structure.In this research the writer think that everything that was be stated before is very important, so to understand everything about morphology, syntax and soon are absolutely need. Just at the moment, the morphology also will results the different sound and sometime different meaning.
According to Akmajian (1990:33). Linguistics is the study of language. Phonology is field of linguistics that learn structure and systematic patterns of sounds in human language. Morphology is field of the linguistics that learnsinternal structure of words and the relationships between words. It can be assumed that the language has structure even in a word.
Word formation is a process to produce new words. The words in the English language can be formed through a process called morphological processes. This process includes: affixation, supple ion, reduplication, compounding, and derivation of internal change. Based to the statement that every word is need morphological processes where sometime will include some affixes, compounding word and so on.
Based on O'Grady 1992: 133-135, The writer gives a little opinion about blending. Blending is part of Linguistic. Whereas linguistic is knowledge that learn about language. Phonology is parts of linguistic that learn about structure pattern of systematic sound of people language Morphology is part of language that learn about internal structure in the word and relation between the words. Syntax is parts of linguistic that learn about internal sentence structure and the relationship between internal sentences.Semantics is parts of linguistic that learn about the essence of the words individually or grouped of words that are a phrase.
Blending is a process in which the word is produced from parts of two existing elements (O'Grady, 1992: 133-134). Blends or blended words that are the result of the blending process, usually formed from the beginning of the word and the end of the other word. Based to this statement the writer can say that blending is formed from some words different to be grouped in one word that can be grouped totally or just a part of the word. The part of the word can come from front of the word or last of the word.
By using the concept of O'Grady (1992 : 130) the blending can be classified into the following categories: a.
The beginning of one word is added to the end of the other.
For example: brunch (breakfast and lunch).
b.
The beginnings of two words are combined.
For example: cyborg (cybernetic and organism).
c.
The one complete word is combined with part of another word.
For example: guesstimate (guess and estimate) d. Two words are blended around a common sequence of sounds.
For example: Californication (California and fornication) from a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
e.
Multiple sounds from two component words are blended, while mostly preserving the sound‘ order.
For example: slithy (lithe and slimy).
G. Acronym
Acronyms and initializes are that are formed using the initial letters of words or word parts in a phrase or name. Acronyms and initializes are usually pronounced in a way that is distinct from that of the full forms for which they stand: as the names of the individual letters (as in IBM), as a word (as in NATO), or as a combination (as Another term, alphabetic, is sometimes used to describe abbreviations pronounced as the names of letters. According to Lieber (2009:20) initialize as similar to the acronym, they consist of letters the first of the phrase, and is pronounced as a series of letters.
Acronym make easy to memorizing something. According to the statements the writer says that blending can come from acronym too. In acronym the word can be grouped or fusion to be one or new word. Lieber illustrates the example of acronym:
a. Pronounced as a word, containing only initial letters aFannie Mae) Federal National Mortgage Association.
aight amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation.
b. Pronounced as a word, containing non-initial letters -methyl-phenethylamine.
heime Staatspolizei ("secret state police").
c.
Pronounced only as the names of letters critish Broadcasting Corporation. cyribonucleic acid. d.
Shortcut incorporated into name d.1. (three em) originally Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. e three) Electronic Entertainment Exposition.
e. in which the abbreviation itself is the expansion of
one initial (particularly enjoyed by the open-source community) eU's Not Unix!. eHIRD of Unix-Replacing Daemons, where "HIRD" stands for "HURD of Interfaces Representing Depth".
f. are used because, when pronounced as intended, they
resemble the sounds of other words I seek you". f.2. CQR: "secure", a brand of boa
g.
Multi-layered acronyms gGIMP Tool Kit, i.e. GNU Image Manipulation Program Tool Kit, i.e. GNU's Not Unix Image Manipulation Program Tool Kit. g.2. VHSIC Hardware Description Language, i.e. Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language.
H. Clipping
Clipping is theocess which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts (Marchand: 1969:103). He says that "Clipping mainly consists of the following types:
1. Back clipping
Back clipping oris the most common type, in which the beginning is retained. The unclipped original may be either a simple or a composite. Examples are: ad (advertisement), cable (cablegram), doc (doctor), exam (examination), gas (gasoline), math (mathematics), memo (memorandum), gym (gymnastics, gymnasium) mutt (muttonhead), pub (public house), pop (popular concert), trad (traditional jazz), fax (facsimile).
2. Fore-clipping
Fore-clipping orretains the final part. Examples are:
phone (telephone), varsity (university), chute (parachute), coon (racoon), gator (alligator), pike (turnpike).
3. Middle clipping In middle clipping orthe middle of the word is retained.
Examples are: flu (influenza), tec (detective), polly (apollinaris), jams (pyjamas), shrink (head-shrinker).
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Approach According to Moleong (2009:31) the purpose of qualitative study is
to understand something specifically, not always looking for the couse and effect of something and to deepen comprehension about something that studied, so that the writer can explants this study in this chapter widely. Qualitative study must consider the study itself. Qualitative method study results the descriptive data both oral or writing.In this study method the writer analyze the worb blend based on the data, newspaper. Then the writer presents the fact systematically therefore it can be understood and concluded easily.
This study was typed into descriptive qualitative typed. The writer determinesd this study belongs to descriptive study because of the study was existing in same topic from beginning up to the end.
Moleong (2009:31) The purpose of qualitative study is to understand something specifically, not always looking for the choise and effect of something and to deepen comprehension about something that studied. Based to this statement the writer says that result of descriptive qualitative do as not show statistic procedure in analyzing the data, but the results present data in form of description. It is because of the data that is collected cant be word and picture, not numeral data. Because of this, the report consists of quotation to give the word of the report. In a qualitative study, the writer makes accurate explanation to analyze and present what to fine out.
B. Object of the Study
The writer took the Jakarta post on 20 May 2014 until 13 August 2014 www.Jakartapost.co.id as media to be object of the study. The writer thought that Jakarta post can be representatives of all on-line media to be categorized mainly in blending, acronym and clipping.
C. Technique of Collecting Data
The method that used for this study is documentation. This method used because it can be made to examine and interpret something (Moleong, 2009:217). In this study the writer used on line articles from Jakarta post as object of study, from this newspaper the writer collected data to be needed.
In this study, the steps were: 1. Reading the word in newspaper.
2. Try to understand and find blending, acronym and clipping.
3. Make table from the classifying.
D. Technique of Anaylzing Data
In this study the writer had done some steps: 1.
Identification steps, the writer identified the data which collected in newspaper.
2. From the identification, the writer categorized the data into blending, acronym and clipping based on the theory.
Then after the methodologies where done, the writer makes the conclution and suggestion based on the data analysis.
E. Coding
Table 3.1 Type of Coding
Type Date Sentence
Blending the Tue, August 12 The last time beginning of the 2014, 9:31 AM Indonesia won the first word and Thomas Cup was in the second 2002, while the word. country‘s women
shuttlers last
brought home the Uber Cup in 1996.
Tuesday is the day when newspaper get. August the moon when put or get the newspaper. 09:31 is the time get the newspaper. 12, 2014 the date and the year get the newspaper.
CHAPTER IV