S KOM 0902256 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 3
1.3 Batasan Masalah .......................................................................................... 4
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian......................................................................................... 4
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian....................................................................................... 4
1.6 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 5
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................. 5
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 Evaluasi Produksi Pertanian ........................................................................ 7
2.1.1 Pendapat Ahli .................................................................................. 7
2.1.2 Tahapan Evaluasi............................................................................. 7
2.2 Produksi ....................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) ................................................ 9
2.3.1 Definisi Kecerdasan Buatan ............................................................ 9
2.3.2 Konsep dan Definisi Dalam Kecerdasan Buatan............................. 9
2.3.3 Teknik Pemecahan Masalah dalam AI .......................................... 10
2.4 Pembelajaran Mesin (Machine Learning) ................................................. 12
2.4.1 Teknik-teknik Machine Learning .................................................. 12
2.4.2 Kondisi-kondisi Dalam Machine Learning ................................... 13
2.5 Metode Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (Neural Network) ...................................... 15
2.5.1 Jaringan Saraf Tiruan .................................................................... 15
2.5.1 Jaringan Saraf Tiruan .................................................................... 15
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1 Desain Penelitian ....................................................................................... 21
3.2 Metode Penelitian ...................................................................................... 24
3.2.1 Proses Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 24
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.3
Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ......................................................................... 24
3.3.1 Alat Penelitian ............................................................................... 24
3.3.2 Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................ 25
3.4 Proses Implementasi Perangkat Lunak ..................................................... 25
3.5 Implementasi Penelitian ............................................................................ 27
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Tahapan Sistem Evaluasi Produksi Padi ................................................... 28
4.2 Representasi Masalah ................................................................................ 29
4.3 Tahapan Sistem Evaluasi Produksi Padi ................................................... 30
4.3.1 Data Preprocessing ........................................................................ 30
4.3.1.1 Data Cleansing (Pembersihan Data) .................................. 32
4.3.1.2 Normalisasi Data ............................................................... 34
4.3.1.3 Pembagian Data ................................................................. 34
4.3.2 Perancangan Struktur Jaringan ...................................................... 34
4.3.2.1 Perancangan Arsitektur Jaringan ....................................... 35
4.3.2.2 Menentukan Fungsi Aktivasi ............................................. 36
4.3.3 Menyusun Data Set Pelatihan dan Pengujian ................................ 36
4.3.4 Inisialisasi Data ............................................................................. 38
4.3.4.1 Inisialisasi Bobot ............................................................... 38
4.3.4.2 Inisialisasi Batas Nilai Toleransi dan Jumlah
MSEsamaMAX ............................................................................. 38
4.3.4.3 Inisialisasi Variabel Learning Rate ................................... 39
4.3.5 Modifikasi Algoritma Pelatihan Backpropagation ....................... 39
4.3.6 Pengujian Jaringan......................................................................... 50
4.3.7 Analisis Sensitifitas ....................................................................... 51
4.3.8 Pemilihan Jaringan Optimum untuk Klasifikasi............................ 51
4.4 Algoritma Klasifikasi Produksi Padi ......................................................... 52
4.5 Analisis Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak ....................................................... 55
4.5.1 Batasan Perangkat Lunak .............................................................. 55
4.5.2 Proses Kerja Sistem Evaluasi Produksi Padi ................................. 55
4.5.3 Pemodelan Kebutuhan ................................................................... 56
4.5.3.1 Model Hubungan Luar ...................................................... 56
4.5.4 Desain Perangkat Lunak ................................................................ 58
4.5.4.1 Desain Data ....................................................................... 58
4.5.4.2 Desain Antarmuka ............................................................. 58
4.5.5 Implementasi ................................................................................. 59
4.5.5.1 Implementasi Perangkat Lunak ......................................... 59
4.5.5.2 Implementasi Antarmuka .................................................. 61
4.6 Studi Kasus dan Hasil Penelitian .............................................................. 62
4.6.1 Studi Kasus .................................................................................... 62
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.6.2 Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 63
4.6.3 Analisis Hasil Penelitian................................................................ 76
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 78
5.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 78
5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................... 79
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ xi
LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... xiv
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4. 1
Tabel 4. 2
Tabel 4. 3
Tabel 4. 4
Tabel 4. 5
Tabel 4. 6
Tabel 4. 7
Tabel 4. 8
Tabel 4. 9
Tabel 4. 10
Tabel 4. 11
Tabel 4. 12
Tabel 4. 13
Penyusunan Data Set ..................................................................... 36
Random Data Set Pelatihan Skenario ke-1 .................................... 36
Random Data Set Pengujian Skenario ke-1................................... 38
Data Pelatihan. ............................................................................... 41
Bobot Simpul Tersembunyi Pertama............................................. 41
Perubahan Bobot Lapisan Tersembunyi. ....................................... 45
Bobot Baru Lapisan Tersembunyi. ................................................ 48
Daftar Modul Dalam Aplikasi SEPP. ............................................ 59
Daftar Tabel dalm Aplikasi SEPP. ................................................ 60
Studi Kasus untuk 3 Skenario........................................................ 63
Hasil Studi Kasus Skenario ke-1 (75%-25%). .............................. 64
Hasil Studi Kasus Skenario ke-2 (50%-50%). .............................. 65
Hasil Studi Kasus Skenario ke-3 (25%-75%). .............................. 66
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1
Gambar 2. 2
Gambar 2. 3
Gambar 2. 4
Gambar 2. 5
Gambar 2. 6
Gambar 3. 1
Gambar 3. 2
Gambar 4. 1
Gambar 4. 2
Gambar 4. 3
Gambar 4. 4
Gambar 4. 5
Gambar 4. 6
Gambar 4. 7
Gambar 4. 8
Gambar 4. 9
Gambar 4. 10
Gambar 4. 11
Gambar 4. 12
Gambar 4. 13
Gambar 4. 14
Gambar 4. 15
Kondisi Underfitting dalam kasus klasifikasi................................ 13
Kondisi Overfitting dalam kasus klasifikasi .................................. 14
Kondisi Optimal dalam kasus klasifikasi ...................................... 14
Neuron pada jaringan saraf manusia, model neuron sederhana pada
JST ................................................................................................. 15
Jaringan Saraf Tiruan Backpropagation ........................................ 16
Flowchart algoritma pelatihan backpropagation .......................... 16
Desain Penelitian............................................................................22
Model Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Sekuensial Linier....................25
Diagram Alur Sistem ....................................................................28
Flowchart Pengembangan Sistem. ................................................ 31
Arsitektur Jaringan Backpropagation............................................ 35
Flowchart Modifikasi Algoritma Pelatihan Backpropagation. ..... 40
Proses Pengujian Jaringan. ............................................................ 51
Context Diagram Sistem Evaluasi Produksi Padi. ........................ 57
Desain Antarmuka Aplikasi SEPP ................................................ 59
Implementasi Antarmuka halaman utama SEPP ........................... 61
Implementasi Antarmuka Menampilkan Hasil Evaluasi Bag.1 .... 61
Implementasi Antarmuka Menampilkan Hasil Evaluasi Bag.2 .... 62
Grafik Akurasi Skenario ke-1 ........................................................ 67
Grafik Akurasi Skenario ke-2 ........................................................ 67
Grafik Akurasi Skenario ke-3 ........................................................ 68
Grafik Rata-rata Akurasi dari 3 Skenario Pengujian ..................... 68
Kurva Hasil Pelatihan dengan Node Hidden 25 dan Learning Rate
0,05 . .............................................................................................. 69
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 3
1.3 Batasan Masalah .......................................................................................... 4
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian......................................................................................... 4
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian....................................................................................... 4
1.6 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 5
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................. 5
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 Evaluasi Produksi Pertanian ........................................................................ 7
2.1.1 Pendapat Ahli .................................................................................. 7
2.1.2 Tahapan Evaluasi............................................................................. 7
2.2 Produksi ....................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) ................................................ 9
2.3.1 Definisi Kecerdasan Buatan ............................................................ 9
2.3.2 Konsep dan Definisi Dalam Kecerdasan Buatan............................. 9
2.3.3 Teknik Pemecahan Masalah dalam AI .......................................... 10
2.4 Pembelajaran Mesin (Machine Learning) ................................................. 12
2.4.1 Teknik-teknik Machine Learning .................................................. 12
2.4.2 Kondisi-kondisi Dalam Machine Learning ................................... 13
2.5 Metode Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (Neural Network) ...................................... 15
2.5.1 Jaringan Saraf Tiruan .................................................................... 15
2.5.1 Jaringan Saraf Tiruan .................................................................... 15
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1 Desain Penelitian ....................................................................................... 21
3.2 Metode Penelitian ...................................................................................... 24
3.2.1 Proses Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 24
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.3
Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ......................................................................... 24
3.3.1 Alat Penelitian ............................................................................... 24
3.3.2 Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................ 25
3.4 Proses Implementasi Perangkat Lunak ..................................................... 25
3.5 Implementasi Penelitian ............................................................................ 27
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Tahapan Sistem Evaluasi Produksi Padi ................................................... 28
4.2 Representasi Masalah ................................................................................ 29
4.3 Tahapan Sistem Evaluasi Produksi Padi ................................................... 30
4.3.1 Data Preprocessing ........................................................................ 30
4.3.1.1 Data Cleansing (Pembersihan Data) .................................. 32
4.3.1.2 Normalisasi Data ............................................................... 34
4.3.1.3 Pembagian Data ................................................................. 34
4.3.2 Perancangan Struktur Jaringan ...................................................... 34
4.3.2.1 Perancangan Arsitektur Jaringan ....................................... 35
4.3.2.2 Menentukan Fungsi Aktivasi ............................................. 36
4.3.3 Menyusun Data Set Pelatihan dan Pengujian ................................ 36
4.3.4 Inisialisasi Data ............................................................................. 38
4.3.4.1 Inisialisasi Bobot ............................................................... 38
4.3.4.2 Inisialisasi Batas Nilai Toleransi dan Jumlah
MSEsamaMAX ............................................................................. 38
4.3.4.3 Inisialisasi Variabel Learning Rate ................................... 39
4.3.5 Modifikasi Algoritma Pelatihan Backpropagation ....................... 39
4.3.6 Pengujian Jaringan......................................................................... 50
4.3.7 Analisis Sensitifitas ....................................................................... 51
4.3.8 Pemilihan Jaringan Optimum untuk Klasifikasi............................ 51
4.4 Algoritma Klasifikasi Produksi Padi ......................................................... 52
4.5 Analisis Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak ....................................................... 55
4.5.1 Batasan Perangkat Lunak .............................................................. 55
4.5.2 Proses Kerja Sistem Evaluasi Produksi Padi ................................. 55
4.5.3 Pemodelan Kebutuhan ................................................................... 56
4.5.3.1 Model Hubungan Luar ...................................................... 56
4.5.4 Desain Perangkat Lunak ................................................................ 58
4.5.4.1 Desain Data ....................................................................... 58
4.5.4.2 Desain Antarmuka ............................................................. 58
4.5.5 Implementasi ................................................................................. 59
4.5.5.1 Implementasi Perangkat Lunak ......................................... 59
4.5.5.2 Implementasi Antarmuka .................................................. 61
4.6 Studi Kasus dan Hasil Penelitian .............................................................. 62
4.6.1 Studi Kasus .................................................................................... 62
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.6.2 Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 63
4.6.3 Analisis Hasil Penelitian................................................................ 76
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 78
5.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 78
5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................... 79
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ xi
LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... xiv
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4. 1
Tabel 4. 2
Tabel 4. 3
Tabel 4. 4
Tabel 4. 5
Tabel 4. 6
Tabel 4. 7
Tabel 4. 8
Tabel 4. 9
Tabel 4. 10
Tabel 4. 11
Tabel 4. 12
Tabel 4. 13
Penyusunan Data Set ..................................................................... 36
Random Data Set Pelatihan Skenario ke-1 .................................... 36
Random Data Set Pengujian Skenario ke-1................................... 38
Data Pelatihan. ............................................................................... 41
Bobot Simpul Tersembunyi Pertama............................................. 41
Perubahan Bobot Lapisan Tersembunyi. ....................................... 45
Bobot Baru Lapisan Tersembunyi. ................................................ 48
Daftar Modul Dalam Aplikasi SEPP. ............................................ 59
Daftar Tabel dalm Aplikasi SEPP. ................................................ 60
Studi Kasus untuk 3 Skenario........................................................ 63
Hasil Studi Kasus Skenario ke-1 (75%-25%). .............................. 64
Hasil Studi Kasus Skenario ke-2 (50%-50%). .............................. 65
Hasil Studi Kasus Skenario ke-3 (25%-75%). .............................. 66
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1
Gambar 2. 2
Gambar 2. 3
Gambar 2. 4
Gambar 2. 5
Gambar 2. 6
Gambar 3. 1
Gambar 3. 2
Gambar 4. 1
Gambar 4. 2
Gambar 4. 3
Gambar 4. 4
Gambar 4. 5
Gambar 4. 6
Gambar 4. 7
Gambar 4. 8
Gambar 4. 9
Gambar 4. 10
Gambar 4. 11
Gambar 4. 12
Gambar 4. 13
Gambar 4. 14
Gambar 4. 15
Kondisi Underfitting dalam kasus klasifikasi................................ 13
Kondisi Overfitting dalam kasus klasifikasi .................................. 14
Kondisi Optimal dalam kasus klasifikasi ...................................... 14
Neuron pada jaringan saraf manusia, model neuron sederhana pada
JST ................................................................................................. 15
Jaringan Saraf Tiruan Backpropagation ........................................ 16
Flowchart algoritma pelatihan backpropagation .......................... 16
Desain Penelitian............................................................................22
Model Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Sekuensial Linier....................25
Diagram Alur Sistem ....................................................................28
Flowchart Pengembangan Sistem. ................................................ 31
Arsitektur Jaringan Backpropagation............................................ 35
Flowchart Modifikasi Algoritma Pelatihan Backpropagation. ..... 40
Proses Pengujian Jaringan. ............................................................ 51
Context Diagram Sistem Evaluasi Produksi Padi. ........................ 57
Desain Antarmuka Aplikasi SEPP ................................................ 59
Implementasi Antarmuka halaman utama SEPP ........................... 61
Implementasi Antarmuka Menampilkan Hasil Evaluasi Bag.1 .... 61
Implementasi Antarmuka Menampilkan Hasil Evaluasi Bag.2 .... 62
Grafik Akurasi Skenario ke-1 ........................................................ 67
Grafik Akurasi Skenario ke-2 ........................................................ 67
Grafik Akurasi Skenario ke-3 ........................................................ 68
Grafik Rata-rata Akurasi dari 3 Skenario Pengujian ..................... 68
Kurva Hasil Pelatihan dengan Node Hidden 25 dan Learning Rate
0,05 . .............................................................................................. 69
Hendri Lubis, 2015
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM EVALUASI PRODUKSI PADI TAHUNAN
PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu