b Normality of the Post-test
Table 4.7 The Normality of Post-test
After the post-test data of the experimental class has been calculated using Lillyfors formula, the result shows if the L
max
L
table
0.1002 0.1592. It means that the H
o
was accepted, the post-test data of the experimental class was normally distributed.
Note: The value of L
table
itself was gotten from the table of Lillyfors. In significance degree of 0.05, L
0,0532
= 0.1592. b. Homogeneity of the Data
According to the normality calculation using Lillyfors formula, it can be concluded that the data of pre-test and post-test in both experimental class and
controlled class was normally distributed. The next step was calculating the homogeneity of the data.
The hypothesis can be seen as follows: H
o
: The sample of experimental class and controlled class is not different. H
a
: The sample of experimental class and controlled class is different. Then, the criteria of the hypothesis are:
H
o
: F F
αn1-1, n2-1
H
a
: F F
αn1-1, n2-1
∑ [
∑ ̅ ]
[ ]
[ ] √
̅ L
max
= 0.1002 L
tab
= 0.1592
- If F F
αn1-1, n2-1
, H
o
is accepted and H
a
is rejected. It means that the sample of experimental class and controlled class is not different.
- If F F
αn1-1, n2-1
, H
o
is rejected and H
a
is accepted. It means that the sample of experimental class and controlled class is different.
The formula can be seen as follows:
Or
1 Homogeneity of Pre-test Scores
n1-1 = 32-1 = 31 n2-1 = 32-1 = 31
F
0.05n1-1, n2-1
= 1.69 F
table
According to result of the calculation above, it can be seen that F F
αn1-1, n2- 1
or 1.239 1.69. It means that H
o
is accepted and H
a
is rejected. The sample of experimental class and controlled class pre-test is not different or homogeneous.
2 Homogeneity of Post-test Scores
n1-1 = 32-1 = 31 n2-1 = 32-1 = 31
F
0.05n1-1, n2-1
= 1.69 F
table
According to result of the calculation above, it can be seen that F F
αn1-1, n2- 1
or 0.001 1.69. It means that H
o
is accepted and H
a
is rejected. The sample of experimental class and controlled class post-test is not different or homogeneous.
3. Hypothesis Testing
In this section, the hypothesis of the study would be tested by calculating the data using t-test formula. The
students’ scores in two classes were compared to find out whether there was significant difference
between the students’ achievement on reading comprehension of narrative text in the experimental class
which was taught using storyboard technique and the controlled class which was taught using another technique. In calculating the data, the experimental class was
symbolized with X variable and the controlled class with Y variable. The formula of t-test was expressed as follows:
The calculation can be seen as follows: 1. Determining the mean of variable X, with formula:
∑
2. Determining the mean of variable Y, with formula: ∑
3. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable X, with formula: √
∑ [ ]
√
4. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable Y, with formula: √
∑ [ ]
√
5. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable X, with formula:
√ √
√ 6. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable Y, with formula:
√ √
√ 7. Determining Standard Error of different Mean of Variable X and Mean of
Variable Y, with formula: √
√ √
√ 8. Determining t
o
with formula:
9. Determining Degrees of Freedom df, with formula:
According to the calculation of the data, the value of degree of freedom df is 62, and the significance degree 5 of the df 62 is 1.999. Meanwhile, the t-table
is 9.159. Therefore, it can be seen that the students’ post-test scores of the
experimental class is higher than the controlled class with the comparison of t- observe and t-table is 16.769 1.999 = t-observe t-table.
10. The testing hypothesis - If t-test t
o
t-table t
t
, null hypothesis H
o
is rejected. It means that there is significant difference between students’ reading comprehension scores of
narrative text taught by using storyboard technique and without using storyboard technique.
- If t-test t
o
t-table t
t
, the null hypothesis H
o
is accepted. It means that there is no
significant difference between students’ reading comprehension scores of narrative text taught by using storyboard technique and without using
storyboard technique. The result of statistical calculation which obtained from the experimental
class and the controlled class data was used to prove the hypothesis above. The result shows that the value of t-test
was 16.769 while the degree of significance 5 was 1.999. By comparing the statistical result, it can be seen that the value of
t-test is significantly higher that the value of t-table 16.769 1.999. Therefore, alternative hypothesis Ha is accepted and null hypothesis Ho is rejected. It
means that there is sig nificant difference between students’ reading
comprehension scores of narrative text taught by using storyboard technique and without using storyboard technique.
B. Interpretation
The data used on this study were taken from the students’ reading achievement of pre-test and post-test in both experimental class and controlled
class which consisted of 32 students for each class. According to the Table 4.1 which showed the students’ pre-test scores in both experimental class and
controlled class, the mean score of pre-test in the controlled class was higher than the mean of pre-test score in the experimental class. The mean of pre-test in the
controlled class was 70.03 with the highest score was 93 and the lowest score was
28. Meanwhile, the mean of pre-test score in the experimental class was 65.22 with the highest score was 93 and the lowest score was 38.
Then, the post-test scores of the students were described on the Table 4.2. Based on its table, it can be seen that the mean score of post-test in the controlled
class was higher than the mean of post-test in the experimental class. The mean of post-test in the controlled class was 74.19 with the higher score was 93 and the
lowest score was 33. Meanwhile, the mean of pre-test score in the experimental class was 71.41 with the highest score was 95 and the lowest score was 48.
In addition, the Table 4.3 showed the gained scores of the experimental class and the controlled class. The mean of gained scores in the experimental class
was higher than the mean of gained score in the controlled class. The mean of gained scores in the experimental class was 6.34 with the highest score was 28
and the lowest score was -10. Meanwhile, the mean of gained score in the controlled class was 4.16 with the highest score was 32 and the lowest score was
-37. Before hypothesis being tested, the normality and homogenity of the data
need to be tested. The purpose of analyzing the normality was to to see whether the data of this research has been normally distributed or not. The result of
normality could be seen by comparing the value of L
max
to L
table
. After the normality of the data has been calculated using Lillyfors formula, it was found
that the value of pre-test and post the in the experimental class was L
max
L
table
0.09485 and 0.1087 0.1592. Then, the value of pre-test and post the in the controlled class was L
max
L
table
0.1358 and 0.1002 0.1592. Therefore, it can be concluded that the data of pre-test and post-test in both experimental and
controlled class were normally distributed. After the normality of the data was analyzed, the next step was analyzing
the homogeneity of the data. It was needed to find out whether the data sample in both experimental and controlled class were homogenous or heterogenous.
After the data was calculated, it was found that the F F
αn1-1, n2-1
or 1.239 pre- test and 0.001 post-test 1.69. It means that the sample of experimental class
and controlled class is not different or it was homogeneous.
