three students from class D were chosen as representative to be interviewed to complete the data. These students were selected based on their answer of the
questionnaires.
C. Research Setting
The research was carried out during the even semester of 20072008 academic year in the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata
Dharma University, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted in Extensive Reading II class C and D. The main reason for choosing these classes was because
the students learned that the teacher implemented autonomous learning in Extensive Reading II. The teacher taught two classes. They were class C and class
D.
D. Research Instruments
In this research, the researcher explored the students’ perception of autonomous learning in Extensive Reading II class. The researcher employed two
types of instruments to gather the data from the participants. They were questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire and individual interview are the
most common instruments for data collection in survey research Ary, et al, 2002: 406.
1. Questionnaires
In order to investigate the students’ perceptions of autonomous learning as presented in the second problem formulation, the researcher administered
questionnaires to the research participants. Ary et al 1990: 421 define a questionnaire as an instrument to gather information by having the participants
respond to a list of questions. The questionnaire implemented in this research was a directly-administered-questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a
group of people assembled at a certain place for a specific purpose p: 385. Hence, the questionnaires were distributed to the students of Extensive Reading II
class C and D. The questionnaire used in this study was a close-ended questionnaire. Fifty
one close-ended questions in each questionnaire were administered to discern students’ perception of autonomous learning. The questionnaires used Likert
Scale, a scale that is constructed by assembling a number of statements about an object, about a half of which express a clearly favourable attitude and half of
which are clearly unfavourable attitude Ary at al, 1990: 235. A set of related responses, one for each point, was provided. The responses were valued from
strongly disagree, disagree, uncertain, agree and strongly agree. The rank was one to five. The questions were divided into eight parts. Table 3.1 summarized the
questionnaires blueprint. Table 3.1 is in the next page.
Table 3.1 Questionnaire Blueprint
NO Features Item
Numbers 1
Students’ previous experience of autonomous learning 1-3
2. How the responsibility of learning is transferred
a. Teacher’s roles
b. Students’ roles
c. Group-work roles
1-6 1-7
1-7
3 Students’ Perception of the transfer of responsibility
a. Students’ perception of the teacher’s roles
b. Students’ perception of their roles
c. Students’ perception of group-work roles
1-6 1-8
1-9
4. Students’ perception of autonomous learning
1-5
2. Interview
The second instrument employed in this study was interview. This interview was used to obtain data to answer the first problem presented in the problem
formulation that was how autonomous learning is implemented in Extensive reading II class. The strategy used in conducting interview was interview guide
approach, in which topics and issues to discuss were specifically outlined. The interviewer decided the sequence and wording of the questions. By using this
strategy, the comprehensiveness of the data was improved and the data could be specifically collected. In addition, gaps in the data could be anticipated.
To help the researcher to conduct the interview, interview blueprint was made. Table 3.1 was the interview blueprint.
Table 3.2 Interview Blueprint Features
Item Numbers
Process of autonomous learning 1,2,3,4,5,6
Students opinion on autonomous learning
7,8, Positive and negative effect of
autonomous learning 9,10
The interview was conducted before and after the students filled out the questionnaire. The participants of the interview were the teacher and six students
of class C and D of Extensive Reading II. The researcher asked ten open-ended questions which were designed to find out the process of implementation of
autonomous learning and to verify the students’ answers to the questionnaire. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
E. Data Gathering Technique
The first data were gathered from the interview of the lecturer and the students. This interview was intended to answer the first research problem that
was how autonomous learning is implemented. After gaining the description of the implementation of autonomous learning
the students distributed the questionnaire to the participants. The questionnaire was aimed to find out the students’ perception of autonomous learning in
Extensive Reading II class. The questionnaires were distributed to the students of Extensive reading II class C and D. The participants were asked to fill out the
questionnaire in class. It took about 15 to 20 minutes. The questionnaires for class D were distributed on May 8, 2008 while the questionnaires for class C were
distributed on May 14, 2008. Obtaining the data from the questionnaire, the researcher conducted interviews to the students chosen to verify their responses of
the questionnaires.
F. Data Analysis Technique
After the data had been gathered, the researcher analysed the data to answer the research problems. The data from the first interviews were transcribed in
written form and analyzed to answer the first problem. The data from the questionnaires were put in table which consisted of the column for the questions
and the columns for the number of students who chose the particular options strongly disagree and disagree, uncertain, and agree and strongly agree. The
researcher counted the number of students who chose the option totally disagree and disagree, agree and totally agree, and uncertain.
Table 3.3 Data Analysis Technique
NO Statements
SD D
U A
SA
1 2
etc
Total
After compiling the data from the participant, the researcher analysed the data to discover what option considered as the priority that was often chosen by the
participants. These results were converted into percentage form. From the result the researcher concluded whether the students perceived autonomous learning
positively or negatively. The priority on strongly agree and agree choice indicated the students’ positive perception. Meanwhile, the priority of disagree and strongly
disagree choice indicated the students’ negative perception. After analyzing the whole statements, the students analyzed each item. It was intended to gain the
students perception of each item of the questionnaire. It gave the detailed analysis of each statement in the questionnaire. Subsequent to analysing the data of
the questionnaires, the data of the students’ interviews were transcribed in written
form. Subsequently, they were interpreted to complete the data of the questionnaire.
G. Research Procedure
