12 i. Mannerism
The character’s mannerism and habits in his or her life can describe the character’s personality.
2. Theory of Humanity
Based on the Webster’s New Explorer Encyclopedic Dictionary, humanity
means the quality or state of being kind to other people or to animals 2006: 980.
That definition is being agreed by Debbarma in his journal.
It is believed that various global and national problems may be solved through the practical application of human values in every society. In
order to fulfil this, goal humanity is to be considered as the highest value in the global human society. For, the test for humanity is to achieve unity
among the living and non-living creatures of the world with the preservation of historical, ethnic and cultural differences as well as the
distinctiveness of nation states and communities. Such human unity can be driven home only by recognizing human values such as truth, kindness,
benevolence, peace, love, dignity, respect, forgiveness, etc 2014: 2.
According to Dean, humanity must be treated as an inwardly goal. From another point of view the principle of humanity must be understood as a necessity
of creating an efficient policy whose final goal is to reach the submission of the human rights. In the principle of humanity vision all human beings who suffer
must be helped, wherever they are 2006: 79. Moreover, Vanier 2007: 19 states that there are five principles of
humanity. As follow: a. All humans are sacred, whatever their culture, race, religion, whatever
their capacities and incapacities, whatever their strengths and weaknesses may be. All of us need help in order to become all that we may be. For example, if we are
going through a hard time in our life, we need all the help we can get in order to
13 find ourselves. We are all sacred and shouldn’t be treated differently for anything
about us. b. Our world and our individual lives are in the process of evolving, how
we think about the way we looked at things in the past, and learning about how those things in the past live in the future. Things like peace, love, unity, and
especially the necessity of forgiveness. c. Maturity comes through working with others. We have to belong and
find each other. d. Humans need to be encouraged to make choices. We need to become
responsible for ourselves and for the lives of others as well. e. In order to make choices, we need to reflect and to seek truth and
meaning. We need to stay connected to our reality and what’s going on in our
world. We need to accept ourselves and others as we and they are.
3. Theory of Message
Message is one of elements of any work art that can be found intentionally or unintentionally. According to Beaty and Hunter a message is defined as the real
meaning or some essay conclusion that can be simply stated or summarized inside work of art 1989: 899. It means that message is the main basic that can cover the
whole idea of a certain work of art. It gives the illusion for the reader that certain literary work exist to attempt the readers to get the real meaning of life through
the novel, drama, poem, etc.
14 According to Hudson, message is good when made by literary work itself.
The good message is not about follow the rule or pattern about norm in society. But, a good message makes new pattern based on human values 1958: 23. A
good message gives different perspective and understanding to people based on human values.
Every work of literature offers a message, and there are many messages conveyed. The kind of message that occurs in a literary work depends on the
author’s belief, wish, and interest that want to be delivered to the readers. The messages are closely related to the problems in our daily life, such as attitude and
behavior. The readers can find them in real life, in the same manner as they are reflected in the story through the characters.
C. Theoretical Framework
This is the part of the explanation on how the theories which have been mentioned before are applied in this study. Since the focus of this study is on the
analysis of revealing the messages through the main character, Eliot Rosewater, in Kurt Vonnegut’s God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, or Pearls Before Swine. So, the
researcher uses some books that consist of many theories to help in analyzing the story.
To analyze the first problem that is to find the main character in the novel, the researcher uses the theories from Abrams, Andre Bennett and Nicholas
Royles, and Keith Green and Jill LeBihan. Their theory will help the researcher to select the main character in the novel.
Henkle’s and Kennedy’s theories also the
15 researcher to differentiate the character into two categories, the major character
and minor character. Abrams’s theory about character is also helpful to distinguish the
complexity of the nature of the character, in which he introduces a flat and a round character. By using that theory, the researcher can analyze what kind of
character Eliot Rosewater is and can also determine whether Eliot Rosewater is flat or round character.
To analyze the main character, the researcher need the knowledge on how to reveal the characteristics. Therefore, some theories of characterization are
needed in the analysis to characterize the main character. The theories of characterization from Abrams and Murphy give various method characterization.
Abrams explaines that the method of characterizing the main character is by showing and telling. The theory from Murphy is also used to gain the methods of
characterization in which he explains the detail of how the character fiction is portrayed in nine ways.
Then, the theory of humanity is to show how the main character, Eliot Rosewater, views humanity. So, by analyzing the main
character’s view on humanity, the researcher can draw some messages by applying the theory of
message provided by Beaty, Hunter, and Hudson. Theresore, the researcher can identify the messages in the story.
16
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The literary work that the researcher analyzes in this study is Kurt Vonnegut’s God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, or Pearls Before Swine. The novel
itself was first published in 1965 by Dial Press Trade Paperback. This novel consists of 288 pages and is divided into 14 chapters. God Bless You,
Mr.Rosewater, or Pearls Before Swine was written by an American author Kurt
Vonnegut. Kurt Vonnegut in full Kurt Vonnegut, Jr was born in Indianapolis,
November 11, 1922. As a teenager, Vonnegut wrote for his high school newspaper, and he continued the activity at Cornell University in Ithaca, New
York, where he majored in biochemistry. He was later employed as a public relations writer in New York, but his reservations about what he considered the
deceitfulness of the profession led him to pursue fiction writing full-time. He was once a volunteer fireman in Alpaus, New York-Badge 155. He writes books,
magazine pieces, and book reviews. The work of Kurt Vonnegut was known for his satirical novels that frequently used postmodern techniques as well as
elements of fantasy and science fiction to highlight the horrors and ironies of 20th-
century civilization. Much of Vonnegut’s work is marked by an essentially philosophical world-view that nonetheless embraces modern humanist beliefs
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