Problem Formulation Objectives of the Study

7 characteristics and messages that revealed on the text on the work itself without concerning the author’s biography. The researcher finds some criticism and comments on Kurt Vonnegut’s work. Robert T. Tally, Jr, A Postmodern Iconography: Vonnegut and the Great American Novel said that all Vonnegut novels express an image of American life and the idea of the humanities. Vonneguts novels present a sprawling image of the multiplicity of American life, expressing the human, all-too-human, condition of its varied inhabitants 2011: 164. Another related study comes from Matthew Praxmarer untitled Kurt Vonneguts Early Novels: Searching for Meaning in a Meaningless World. He stated that Vonnegut’s work concerned about societys problems which face the modern era. Through the novel Vonnegut continuously warns humankind of our worst misbehaviors, from war and poverty to political corruption. He is sometimes understood as nihilist, and scholars like Peter J. Reed argues that Vonnegut’s cynicism and nihilism constitute his main theme. However, Vonnegut is working to warn humankind of our worst follies before it is too late. 2011:80. As seen in the Vonnegut’s novel God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater or Pearls before Swine which is Eliot Rosewater as he inheriting a fortune as a president of the foundation that the interesting sums about 87 million dollars, he did help the poverty and the uselessness people. As he imagine to creates a utopia country. Humanity must be empowered; life must be raised 2011: 59. Then, the researcher also finds and reads an undergraduate thesis, which relates to this study. The title of the thesis is Revealing Message through the 8 Characters in Yasunari Kawabata’s Beauty and Sadness by Indarsih from Sanata Dharma University. In her study, Indarsih draws some messages from the way the characters view love in the novel. Indarsih’s study has three purposes in writing her undergraduate thesis. Firstly, Linangkung wants to find the character and characterization in the novel. Secondly, she wants to describe the way the characters in the story view love. Thirdly, Indarsih wants to know the message which is revealed by the way the characters views love. She describes all the characters in the novel that have different characteristics and different views on love, but they are related to one another. This undergraduate thesis has some similarity to Indarsih’s undergraduate thesis in terms of message through the characters and the way the characters view. It reflects messages based on the characters, the way the characters view something such as love. This thesis describes the main character’s characteristic. However, the focus of this study has a different perspective from Indarsih’s thesis, which is viewing the humanity shown by Eliot Rosewater, and then drawing some messages from it.

B. Review of Related Theories

1. Theories of Character and Characterization

A character in a literary work is very important because a character is the one that inhabits the plot of the story and the one that brings the reader’s interpretation to understand the story itself. Green and LeBihan explain what a character means. Characters are engaged in a conventional arrangement, which will dictate their actions and to a certain extent their speech acts; and they are