The messages revealed through Kelsea`s conflicts to be a true queen in Erika Johansen`s the queen of the tearling.

xi ABSTRACT

I GUSTI NGURAH PREMANANDA PUTRA, The Messages Revealed through Kelsea’s Conflicts to be a True Queen in Erika Johansen’s The Queen of the Tearling. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2017.

The object of this study is a novel entitled The Queen of the Tearling by Erika Johansen. This novel tells about the life of Kelsea Glynn who is the heir to the throne of Tearling. She must return to Tearling to become a queen and save the people from the suffering they have faced over the years.

The first objective of this study is to describe the main character and Kelsea’s characteristics. The second objective, is to explain the conflicts faced by Kelsea, and the third objective is to reveal the underlying messages in the way Kelsea solve her problems.

The writer uses library research to answer the problem formulation. Some book references and online sources related to the theory of characters and characterization, theory of conflict, and the theory of message is also used by the writer. The approach used by the writer is new criticism.

The writer concludes that Kelsea has brave and wise characteristics. Both of these characteristics helps Kelsea to become a True Queen who is loved by the people of Tearling. Kelsea has two conflicts in this novel, internal and external conflicts. The Internal conflicts faced by Kelsea is a dilemma to be a queen. She is doubting herself, whether she is capable or not to be a True Queen who is desired by the people of Tearling. The external conflicts faced by Kelsea is divided into four by the writer. The first conflict is when Kelsea refuses Pen’shelp when she is building a tent. The second conflict is when she argues with Arlen Thorne. Kelsea wants to stop sending the slave for the sake of her people. The third conflict is when Kelsea disagrees with Lady Andrews on the hearing. She better loses her property than lossing her people. The last conflict is when she has to fight against the advice of Lazarus and the Queen’s Guard. She had better go alone and lost her life to save the people who is kidnapped in Thorne’s illegal shipments. The revealed moral messages from the conflicts experienced by Kelsea are as follows: be wise in taking any decision, be brave to take the risk, fight for human rights, and be consistent and never stop believing.

xii ABSTRAK

I GUSTI NGURAH PREMANANDA PUTRA, The Messages Revealed through Kelsea’s Conflicts to be a True Queen in Erika Johansen’s The Queen of the Tearling. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2017.

Objek dari studi ini adalah sebuah novel berjudul The Queen of the Tearling yang ditulis oleh Erika Johansen. Novel ini menceritkan tentang kehidupan seorang gadis yang menjadi ahli waris kerajaan Tearling yang bernama Kelsea Glynn. Ia harus kembali ke Tearling untuk menjadi seorang Ratu dan membebaskan rakyatnya dari penderitaan yang mereka hadapi selama bertahun-tahun.

Tujuan pertama dari studi ini adalah menjelaskan karakter utama dan karakteristik Kelsea. Tujuan kedua adalah menjelaskan konflik-konflik yang dihadapi oleh Kelsea. Lalu tujuan ketiga adalah mengungkap pesan moral yang tersirat dalam cara penyelesaian konflik yang dihadapi oleh Kelsea.

Penulis menggunakan studi pustaka untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang ditetapkan. Beberapa referensi buku dan referensi online yang terkait dengan teori karakter dan karakterisasi, teori tentang konflik, dan teori tentang pesan juga digunakan oleh penulis. Pendekatan yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah New Criticism.

Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Kelsea memiliki karakteristik berani dan bijaksana. Kedua karakteristik tersebut mampu membantu Kelsea untuk menjadi seorang ratu sejati yang dicintai oleh rakyat Tearling. Kelsea memliki dua konflik dalam novel ini, yaitu konflik internal dan external. Konflik internal yang dihadapi Kelsea adalah dilema untuk menjadi seorang ratu. Ia ragu-ragu dengan dirinya, apakah ia mampu atau tidak menjadi ratu sejati yang diinginkan oleh rakyat Tearling. Konflik external yang dihadapi Kelsea dibagi menjadi empat oleh penulis. Konflik pertama adalah ketika Kelsea menolak bantuan Pen saat ia akan membangun Tenda. Konflik kedua adalah ketika ia harus berargumen dengan Arlen Thorne. Kelsea ingin menghentikan pengiriman budak demi kesejahteraan rakyatnya. Konflik ketiga adalah ketika Kelsea berbeda pendapat dengan Lady Andrews pada audiensi yang Kelsea selenggarakan. Ia lebih baik kehilangan harta benda daripada kehilangan rakyatnya. Konflik terakhir adalah ketika ia harus melawan nasihat Lazarus dan para Pengawal Ratu. Ia lebih baik pergi sendiri kehilangan nyawanya demi menyelamatkan rakyatnya yang diculik dalam pengiriman ilegal yang dilakukan Thorne. Pesan moral yang terungkap dari konflik-konflik yang dialami Kelsea adalah sebagai berikut: bijaksana dalam mengambil keputusan, berani mengambil resiko, berjuang demi hak manusia, dan konsisten dan tidak pernah berhenti untuk percaya.

THE MESSAGES REVEALED THROUGH KELSEA’S

CONFLICTS TO BE A TRUE QUEEN IN ERIKA

JOHANSEN’S THE QUEEN OF THE TEARLING

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

I GUSTI NGURAH PREMANANDA PUTRA Student Number: 124214086

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2017

ii

THE MESSAGES REVEALED THROUGH KELSEA’S

CONFLICTS TO BE A TRUE QUEEN IN ERIKA

JOHANSEN’S

THE QUEEN OF THE TEARLING

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

I GUSTI NGURAH PREMANANDA PUTRA Student Number: 124214086

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2017

A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis

THE MESSAGES REVEALED THROUGH KELSEA'S CONFLICTS TO BE A TRUE QUEEN IN ERIKA JOHANSEN'S THE QUEEN OF THE TEARLING

By

IGUSTINGURAHPREMANANDAPUTRA Student Number: 124214086

Approved by

Ni Luh utu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum.

~

Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum.

III

February 8, 2017

A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis

THE MESSAGES REVEALED THROUGH KELSEA'S

CONFLICTS TO BE A TRUE QUEEN IN ERIKA

JOHANSEN'S

THE QUEEN OF THE TEARLING

By

I GUSTINGURAHPREMANANDAPUTRA

Student Number: 124214086

Defended before the Board of Examiners February 20, 2017

and Declared Acceptable

BOARD OF EXAMINERS Name

Chairperson Secretary Member 1 Member 2 Member 3

: Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum. : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. : Maria Ananta Tri S., S.S., M. Ed. : Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum.

Yogyakarta, February 28,2017 Faculty of Letters

~~~til Dharma University

Dean

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been

previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that,

to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material

previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the

text of the undergraduate thesis.

1">l>l!lH.1Yll remananda Putra

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARY A ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma

Nama : I Gusti Ngurah Premananda Putra

Nomor Mahasiswa : 124214086

Dengan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang beljudul

THE MESSAGES REVEALED THROUGH

CONFLICTS TO BE A TRUE QUEEN

JOHANSEN'S THE QUEEN OF THE TEARLING

KELSEA'S

IN ERIKA

Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan meminta ijin kepada saya msupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama says sebagai penutis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Pada tanggal 7 Februari 2017

vii

Sunset is a Perspective. Whether

it is “A Beginning” or “An

Ending”

-SDKTHTM-viii

For The Great God,

My Beloved Family,

My Girlfriend,

And

ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all I would like to express my deepest gratitude for Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa for helping and supporting me by His miracolous way. I realize this thesis will not be finished if it does not have your blessings.

My sincere gratitude goes to my great advisor, Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum who helps and supports me with her thoughts, ideas, and guidances to finish this thesis. I also express my gratitude to my co-advisor, Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. for reading and helping me to revise and understand this thesis to be better than before.

I would like to express my gratitude for my father, I Gusti Ngurah Putra and my mother, Ni Nyoman Nurhayathi for giving me the endless support and the spirit to finish this thesis.

I must thank my beloved girlfriend, Gung Is, for she always encourages me to take the step to work on my thesis and support me with her idea.

I also realize this thesis will not be done without the help of my beloved friends. Thank you Arum, Trah Blankers, the Kopmasus and most of my friends in English Department for giving me the support that I need, the idea that clear my mind, the laugh that makes me smile, and of course the endless friendship that you guys give.

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ... ii

APPROVAL PAGE ... iii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE ... iv

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .... v

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ... vi

MOTTO PAGE ... vii

DEDICATION PAGE ... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x

ABSTRACT ... xi

ABSTRAK ... xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Background of the Study ... 1

B. Problem Formulation ... 4

C. Objectives of the Study ... 4

D. Definition of Terms ... 4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Review of Related Studies ... 6

B. Review of Related Theories ... 9

C. Theoretical Framework ... 14

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study ... 15

B. Approach of the Study ... 16

C. Method of the Study ... 17

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS A. The Character and Characteristics of Kelsea ... 19

B. The Conflicts Faced by Kelsea ... 31

C. The Message as Revealed through Kelsea’s Conflicts ... 39

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ... 44

xi ABSTRACT

I GUSTI NGURAH PREMANANDA PUTRA, The Messages Revealed through Kelsea’s Conflicts to be a True Queen in Erika Johansen’s The Queen of the Tearling. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2017.

The object of this study is a novel entitled The Queen of the Tearling by Erika Johansen. This novel tells about the life of Kelsea Glynn who is the heir to the throne of Tearling. She must return to Tearling to become a queen and save the people from the suffering they have faced over the years.

The first objective of this study is to describe the main character and Kelsea’s characteristics. The second objective, is to explain the conflicts faced by Kelsea, and the third objective is to reveal the underlying messages in the way Kelsea solve her problems.

The writer uses library research to answer the problem formulation. Some book references and online sources related to the theory of characters and characterization, theory of conflict, and the theory of message is also used by the writer. The approach used by the writer is new criticism.

The writer concludes that Kelsea has brave and wise characteristics. Both of these characteristics helps Kelsea to become a True Queen who is loved by the people of Tearling. Kelsea has two conflicts in this novel, internal and external conflicts. The Internal conflicts faced by Kelsea is a dilemma to be a queen. She is doubting herself, whether she is capable or not to be a True Queen who is desired by the people of Tearling. The external conflicts faced by Kelsea is divided into four by the writer. The first conflict is when Kelsea refuses Pen’shelp when she is building a tent. The second conflict is when she argues with Arlen Thorne. Kelsea wants to stop sending the slave for the sake of her people. The third conflict is when Kelsea disagrees with Lady Andrews on the hearing. She better loses her property than lossing her people. The last conflict is when she has to fight against the advice of Lazarus and the Queen’s Guard. She had better go alone and lost her life to save the people who is kidnapped in Thorne’s illegal shipments. The revealed moral messages from the conflicts experienced by Kelsea are as follows: be wise in taking any decision, be brave to take the risk, fight for human rights, and be consistent and never stop believing.

xii ABSTRAK

I GUSTI NGURAH PREMANANDA PUTRA, The Messages Revealed through Kelsea’s Conflicts to be a True Queen in Erika Johansen’s The Queen of the Tearling. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2017.

Objek dari studi ini adalah sebuah novel berjudul The Queen of the Tearling yang ditulis oleh Erika Johansen. Novel ini menceritkan tentang kehidupan seorang gadis yang menjadi ahli waris kerajaan Tearling yang bernama Kelsea Glynn. Ia harus kembali ke Tearling untuk menjadi seorang Ratu dan membebaskan rakyatnya dari penderitaan yang mereka hadapi selama bertahun-tahun.

Tujuan pertama dari studi ini adalah menjelaskan karakter utama dan karakteristik Kelsea. Tujuan kedua adalah menjelaskan konflik-konflik yang dihadapi oleh Kelsea. Lalu tujuan ketiga adalah mengungkap pesan moral yang tersirat dalam cara penyelesaian konflik yang dihadapi oleh Kelsea.

Penulis menggunakan studi pustaka untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang ditetapkan. Beberapa referensi buku dan referensi online yang terkait dengan teori karakter dan karakterisasi, teori tentang konflik, dan teori tentang pesan juga digunakan oleh penulis. Pendekatan yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah New Criticism.

Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Kelsea memiliki karakteristik berani dan bijaksana. Kedua karakteristik tersebut mampu membantu Kelsea untuk menjadi seorang ratu sejati yang dicintai oleh rakyat Tearling. Kelsea memliki dua konflik dalam novel ini, yaitu konflik internal dan external. Konflik internal yang dihadapi Kelsea adalah dilema untuk menjadi seorang ratu. Ia ragu-ragu dengan dirinya, apakah ia mampu atau tidak menjadi ratu sejati yang diinginkan oleh rakyat Tearling. Konflik external yang dihadapi Kelsea dibagi menjadi empat oleh penulis. Konflik pertama adalah ketika Kelsea menolak bantuan Pen saat ia akan membangun Tenda. Konflik kedua adalah ketika ia harus berargumen dengan Arlen Thorne. Kelsea ingin menghentikan pengiriman budak demi kesejahteraan rakyatnya. Konflik ketiga adalah ketika Kelsea berbeda pendapat dengan Lady Andrews pada audiensi yang Kelsea selenggarakan. Ia lebih baik kehilangan harta benda daripada kehilangan rakyatnya. Konflik terakhir adalah ketika ia harus melawan nasihat Lazarus dan para Pengawal Ratu. Ia lebih baik pergi sendiri kehilangan nyawanya demi menyelamatkan rakyatnya yang diculik dalam pengiriman ilegal yang dilakukan Thorne. Pesan moral yang terungkap dari konflik-konflik yang dialami Kelsea adalah sebagai berikut: bijaksana dalam mengambil keputusan, berani mengambil resiko, berjuang demi hak manusia, dan konsisten dan tidak pernah berhenti untuk percaya.

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

A literary work is a written expression that contains criticism of our surrounding life. A work describes a person's life, a social life, a person's feelings. A viewpoint is appreciated by someone and written through a literary work. The work can be a novel, short story, poetry, and drama. Literary works are also able to make a person change his perspective on life.

Names, places, or scene can be just a fiction but it can also be something that is factual. Dryden in his book entitled Selected Criticism describes literature as "the lively image of human nature” (1970: 36). According to Dryden, the function of literature is "for the delight and instruction of mankind" (1970: 36). On the other hands, in the Teaching of Literature, Moody says that literary work usually offers messages and moral values of the dignity of human being, the struggle for human rights and the behavior of a man (1971:98). The statements above mean that every person does not only get entertainment from literary works, but they are also able to learn something for their life.

Novel is one kind of literary works that is suitable and significant for a study. It is because many stories in the novel reflect the real life of humans. In the novel, there are many important messages that influence and concern with humanity. The reason is concerned with the perspective of the New Criticism: the elements that exist in the novel are able to improve the moral value of human life

and it has become a major focus (Barry, 2002: 21). Furthermore, Barry gives the explanation that:

The purpose of literature is essentialy the enhancement of life and the propaganda of human values: but not in a programmatic way: if literature, and criticism, become overty and directly political they necessarily tend

towards propaganda. And as Keats said, „we distrust literature which has a palpable design upon us‟, that is, literature which too obviously wants to

convert us of influence our views (2002:21).

Some important aspects that exist in a literary work are characters, conflicts, and messages. Those elements are able to convey the meaning of the story and create an interesting storyline for the readers. Characters become an important element in a story. A novel or story will not be complete without the characters in it. What makes the story interesting is because the implicit message that exists in characteristics of a character and conflicts. Therefore, the conflict is also included as the important element in a story.

Messages of a novel that are implied in the conflict help the readers to understand the moral messages of the story. The revealed messages of the story will be the main focus in this study.

The object in this study is a novel by Erika Johansen, The Queen of the Tearling. This novel tells the story of a young girl destined to be the crown princess of the Kingdom Tearling. She was named Kelsea. She grew up in a cottage on the countryside inside a small forest on the outskirts of Tearling. Kelsea lived with her foster parents. Her foster parents hid her identity and educated her firmly. When she was a baby, she was evacuated to avoid the pursuit of some enemies. Lazarus of the Mace took her to the cottage where Barty and Carlin, her foster parents lived.

Mace considered a moment, then continued, “Eighteen years ago, i rode up

to that cottages of the reddick with you strapped to my chest...” (Johansen, 2014: 476).

One day, the Queen‟s Guards of Tearling came to Kelsea‟s cottage. They asked Kelsea to return to her kingdom. At her young age, she had to seize the throne and took over her kingdom. Along the way back to the kingdom, she faced many dangers that threaten her life. Kelsea was attacked by a bunch of assassins, she was abducted by a group of anonymous, and even faced near-death experiences (Johansen, 2014:69). It turned out that to be a queen was not as easy as she had imagined. She must regain the trust of the people who have not had a queen for a long time and she had to face a distress after her wherever she was (Johansen, 2014: 143).

Character, conflict, and the message in the story make the readers able to imagine themselves as the main character. Therefore, the readers are able to realize the message in the story. The conflicts experienced by Kelsea to be a true queen which reveal the messages from beginning to the end of the story will be the focus of this study. In the conflicts to be a True Queen experienced by the main character, namely Kelsea, there are messages revealed that reflects the moral values of humanity and justice on real life. Although this story is just a fiction, the author, Erika Johansen, is able to make the imagination in those messages reflect the real world of human life.

B. Problem Formulation

1. How are Kelsea‟s characteristics described in the story?

2. What are the conflicts faced by Kelsea before and after being a queen?

3. What are the messages revealed through Kelsea‟s conflicts to be a True Queen?

C. Objectives of the Study

In this study, the writer wants to reveal the messages through the main

character‟s conflicts in the novel The Queen of The Tearling. The writer has

formulated three questions to be addressed. The objective of first question is to find out the characteristics the main character has. Then, the purpose of the second question is to discuss the conflicts that Kelsea is facing in the story. The final question is to discuss the way the messages are revealed in every conflict Kelsea faces to become a true queen.

D. Definition of Terms

The writer wants to write some important terms to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretations. The definition are taken through trusted resources from books and internet.

1. Message

In New World of Literature by Beaty and Hunter, message is the real meaning or some easy conclusion that can be simply stated or summarized inside a work of art (1989:899).

2. Conflict

According to Harmon and Holman , conflict is

The struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in the plot. Conflict may be an argument between opposing forces, like man againts man, nature, fate, society, or perhaps the internal one between the two opposing parts of man‟s personality (1986:107).

Conflict is the development on a person in a plot. The conflict is shown when a person againsts another person, fate, society, and the two opposing parts of a man‟s personality.

6 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this chapter, the writer wants to discuss several studies related to the discussion of this study and several theories that helps the writer answers the problem. This section presents three sub-chapters that helps the writer to answer the problem formulations in this thesis. The first sub-chapter is a review of related studies. The second sub-chapter is theories used to help the writer answer the problems. The third sub-chapter is theoretical framework for explaining how the theories have been provided are able to complete and answer the problems.

A. Review of Related Studies

In the related studies, the writer finds several studies that can help the writer to develop this study. The purpose to collect these studies is that it makes the writer able to see the differences and similarities between this study and other theses.

The first undergraduate thesis selected by the writer is titled “The Messages Revealed through the Way the Main Characters Face the Conflicts in David Henry Hwang’s Family Devotion” written by Andri Gani Wijaya of Sanata Dharma University. This thesis is chosen because the writer, Andri Gani Wijaya, highlights the characters in the story to get the message.

In this study, Andri states that

In order to make the story become interesting and seem lively, there are many aspects needed to set up story. One of them that become important aspect is character. It is important because it is the main part of the story. The characters generally express the action and the dialogue from the beginnings of the story until the ending parts. (Andri, 2013: 3)

The writer concludes that there is a difference between Andri’s study and the writer’s study. The difference can be seen through the characters analyzed by Andri. Andri analyses three main characters and he also focusing on the character to reveal the message on the story. The writer of the study focuses on the main character only and focuses on how Kelsea as the main character shows the message through her problem-solving on her conflicts.

The second study that writer collects is a review by Ashley in nosegraze.com entitled “Review: The Queen of the Tearling” by Erika Johansen. Ashley explains that Kelsea get her characteristics by what she does for Tearling. Kelsea does not let her people in The Keep to do the job. She does everything by herself, reasonably and equitably. Ashley describe her that she is responsible with her duty as a queen.

On her review, Ashley mentions that

Kelsea was a fantastic main character. There’s nothing not to like about her. She’s fair, just, imperfect, gets her hands dirty, and a natural queen. She could be fierce and demanding, but always for good (just) reasons. I loved how she wasn’t the kind of queen to sit up in her ivory tower and send her warriors to do her work. She actually got in there and made things happen. She went right into the fray if necessary, knife and all. (Ashley, 2014)

The similarity of how Kelsea’s characteristics described in the story will be the focus in this study. The writer agrees that Kelsea is caring with her people

in Tearling. The difference is that the writer uses Kelsea’s foster parents’ teachings to analyze Kelsea’s characteristics. Another difference that can be found between the review and this study is Kelsea also shows her characteristics through the conflicts she faced in the story.

The last selected study chosen by the writer is called “The Messages Revealed through the Way the Main Characters Solve the Conflicts in Anne Schraff’s Lost and Found” by Chintia Arlita Eka Wijaya of Sanata Dharma University. In the thesis, Chintia describes the messages that exist in the way the main characters solve the encountered problems. The problem-solving that the characters have can be seen through their characteristics. The messages are revealed in the way they deal with the problem and solve the conflict. Chintia analyzes three problems on her study which is similar with the writer’s study. The first problem is to find out the characteristics of the characters in the story. The second objective is to describe each of the conflicts faced by the characters in the story. The third objective is to reveal and discuss the message that can be seen from the way the characters solve the conflict.

Chintia’s thesis is able to help the writer to use the theory of characterization which is used to help in determining the characteristics of the character analyzed by the writer. Some of the differences can be found in Chintia’s thesis. One thing that stands out is Chintia’s thesis explores deeper the theory of conflicts. Meanwhile, the writer would like to have a deeper discussion on the messages that are revealed in the conflict experienced by Kelsea, the main character in The Queen of the Tearling. In Chintia's thesis, the similarities are

Chintia also explains about the message contained in the existing code. Chintia also states,

Lost and Found also has many conflicts experienced by the main

characters, such as divorce, tragedy and family problems. By taking some examples of the literature, we can give some thoughts to ourselves of how we overcome every problem we have and solve it in daily life. Then we can take the moral messages from the story to enrich our knowledge in solving the problem in daily life. (Chintia, 2015: 2-3)

The description stated by Chintia which is cited above helps the writer to develop this study. Character and characteristics, conflicts, and messages become the important source of this study. The conflict which is described on a story can be a reflection in the daily life. From the conflicts itself, revealed the message which can enrich our knowledge in solving the problem in our life.

B. Review of Related Theories

To help the writer build the discussion in this study, the writer has prepared several theories to analyze the characters, conflicts, and the messages of the novel. There are three theories used by the writer. These theories are the theory of character and characterization, theory of conflicts, and theory of messages.

1. Theory of Character and Characterization

Theory of character and characterization is one of the most-used theories in helping researchers to dissect the characteristics of the characters in a novel. One of the famous character and characterization theories is contained in the book of M.H Abrams entitled A Glossary of Literary Terms. M.H Abrams stated that

Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it and from what they do(1999:32).

M.J. Murphy has a detailed explanation of the theory of character and characterization in his book Understanding the Unseen (1972: 161-173). In his book, Murphy describes nine ways to determine the characteristics of a character in a story.

1. Personal description. The author can describe the character by his/her appearance. The character can be thin, fat, handsome or bad looking. The clothes can describe the character’s economical condition. The rich one will use good or better clothes.

2. Character as seen by another. The author can give imagination or perspectives by other character. A characteristic of a character can be seen by the point of view of other characters in a story.

3. Speech. The author can give information by what a character says in the story. The conversation between the analyzed character and other characters gives the reader some descriptions about his/her characteristics.

4. Past life. What has happened to the character in a story can give the readers much better information in understanding the characteristics of a character. 5. Conversation of others. The author gives an easy clue to understand a

characteristics by how other characters in a story talking about the character being analyzed.

6. Reaction. The reaction of a character to something, an accident, a conflict and else given by the author can help the reader to understand the characters. 7. Direct comment. The author gives a direct description of a character’s

thought, mind, and feeling.

8. Thought. The author gives the reader a direct description and perspectives of what’s on the character’s mind. It can reflect the character’s characteristics. 9. Mannerism. The author can describe a character by his/her manners or habits.

The writer does not use all the elements of the nine-elements of the theory of characters and characterization. The writer uses only several ways that can help in analyzing the character in the novel. Those chosen elements are used by the writer to find out the characteristic of the existing character in the novel The Queen of the Tearling.

2. Theory of Conflict

The conflict happens in a story can identify the explicit messages in the story. Theory of conflict will be able to help the writer to analyze the conflict which is faced by the character of The Queen of the Tearling.

According to Laurence Perrine in The Sound, Sense, and Structure, the conflict was a fight between the actions, ideas, and desires between two people or between people in a society. A conflict can also be detailed as physical, mental, emotional, or moral. Conflict could also be something that is easy or even difficult to understand (1974: 44).

Holman and Harmon in A Handbook to Literature (1986:107) define and divide conflict into four types. According to them, conflict is a struggle that

occurs when two focuses become opposite in a storyline. Four types of the conflict according to Holman and Harmon were as follows,

a. A struggle against nature

This conflict is presented when a character is struggling with the natural surroundings. An example is when a character has to fight natural disasters such earthquake, tsunami, storm, etc.

b. A struggle against another person

This conflict is shown when a character has to face the other characters either physically, mentally, or thought.

c. A struggle against society

This conflict is shown when a character is dealing with the mind of a community. A character has a different idea with the public at a large scope. d. A struggle against fate or destiny

This conflict is shown when a character must fight the Creator, which is God. A character shall face his/her destiny to make his/her decision.

Meanwhile Stanton’s Introduction to Fiction describes the conflict into two main parts. Two important parts are internal conflict and external conflict. Stanton describes it as follows,

a. Internal Conflict

This conflict is indicated when a character’s having argument against him/herself. A protagonist argues with him/herself. The argument lasts the entire storyline. Things become an argument between characters by themselves is about determining the right decisions that will be taken.

b. External Conflict

This conflict is indicated when a character againsts his/her surrounding environment. A main character has to deal with different thought of his/her surroundings. This conflict can be seen as a main character argues with another character, society, etc. The argument lasts because they have two different opinions and objectives.

3. Theory of Message

A message is an element that we often find in a work of art. The artwork can be sculpture, paintings, and literary works. In this study, the writer wants to reveal the message of a novel, one form of literary works. An Introduction of the Study of Literature by Henry Hudson states that a good message is a message that is most likely unconscious. Many of literary work authors are trying to say and give a clue to all these possibilities through their works. A good message does not stand with the common pattern but rather leads to a humanity and norm value pattern (1958: 23).

Whereas, on the book titled New Worlds of Literature by Beaty & Hunter, a detailed message is as easy as a real meaning or a conclusion that is already in a work (1989: 899). Meaning to say, a message is a picture of the conclusion of the values that can be taken from a story.

According to Kenny in How to Analyze Fiction, it is explained that when people are talking about a message, they usually also discusses the moral values. Thus, it can be concluded that the moral values could be a good or bad learning

(1966: 89). The above statement is indirectly saying that any opinion of the people about morals and values are always different in each place.

The messages contained and implied in a literary work is something which can be considered as learning and moral values and reflected in real life. Things like human behavior and human action can be reflected in a story to real life. Readers of literary works, especially in the form of the novel, are able to understand any moral value contained in the story.

4. Theoretical Framework

In this thesis, the writer wants to identify the characteristics of the main characters in the story, the conflicts experienced by the main character, and analyze messages that are conveyed in the novel The Queen of the Tearling. The theories used can support the writer in writing this thesis. These theories are the theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict and theory of message. The first theory is used to answer the first problem of this study. This theory is used by the writer to explore and understand how Kelsea, the main character is portrayed. The second theory is the theory of conflict. The writer uses this theory to understand and describe the conflicts faced by the main character. The last theory which is used to answer the third research problem is the theory of message. This theory is used so that the writer is able to reveal the messages as seen in the novel The Queen of the Tearling.

15

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

In this study, the writer discusses a fantasy novel written by Erika Johansen with 434 pages titled The Queen of the Tearling. The author of the novel, Johansen, grew up in California. She went to Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania, earned a Master of Fine Arts degree from the celebrated Iowa Writers Workshop and eventually became a lawyer, but she never stopped writing. Her acclaimed debut, The Queen of the Tearling, is the first book in the

trilogy and became an international bestseller

(http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18712886-the-queen-of-the-tearling). This book was first published by HarperCollins Publishers, United States, on July 8, 2014. Warner Bros., a giant company widescreen movie maker, bought the copyright of the trilogy novel The Queen of the Tearling. Kelsea Glynn, as the main character in the novel, is played by one of the talented artists from Hollywood, named Emma Watson.

The Queen of the Tearling tells the journey of Kelsea Glynn, a girl of royal descent of Tearling Kingdom. Kelsea is exiled for the sake of her safety when she was a baby. It is because the situation in Tearling was dangerous that moment. Kelsea's mother, the late queen of Tearling, tells Lazarus of Mace to bring Kelsea to a safe place. Kelsea was taken to a cottage in the woods. She was raised by her foster parents, Carlin and Barty. Nineteen years later, Lazarus and

the Queen’s Guards took her back to the Keep. Along her way back, and when she arrived and was appointed as a queen, Kelsea must face the danger that concern her life and her people.

B. Approach of the Study

In this section, the writer discusses the approach used in the writing of this thesis. The approach used by the writer is the New Criticism Approach. New Criticism is used to analyze the intrinsic elements of a literary work. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature by Wilfred L Guerin states that a new criticism approach has more focus on the literary work itself (1979: 20). From what has been explained, the new criticism is an analysis based on the text itself.

Solden, Widdowson & Brooker in A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory states that the New Criticism is a method that does not speak based on the context - Historical, Biographical, Intellectual, and others in analyzing a literary work. New criticism is only focusing on the language and its own organization. New criticism reaches the way the text 'speak itself' (2005: 19).

New Criticism approach is used by the writer because the writer does not analyze the external context of the chosen literary work. The writer only focuses on the context that has been written on the text of the literary work. In term of searching the moral message contained in the literature work, the writer employs the statement of Beaty & Hunter in New Worlds of Literature, the definition of the real meaning and easy conclusion that can be deduced and understood in an art is actually the meaning of the message (1989: 899).

After finding out the conflicts, the writer seeks out the existing messages that arise in the literature work. The writer uses M.H. Abrams’s idea which explains that,

In addition to the conflicts between individual, there may be the conflict of a protagonist against fate, or against circumstances that stand between him and a goal he has set himself, and in some works, the conflict is between opposing desires or values in a character’s of own mind (Abrams, 1981:128).

Based on the quotation above, the conflict can help the writer to dig up the hidden message in the story. By finding out how the characters solve their problem, the writer can reveal the message that exists implicitly.

C. Method of the Study

The writer did a library research for this study. There were two essential sources that is used in this study. The first source was the novel itself, The Queen of the Tearling. The first source is used by the writer to get the data that is essential for the writer, to analyze the story and to get the proper answer of the problem formulation. The second source was the books that provided theory of character & characteristics, conflicts and messages which were used to answer the three problems, reference of related studies and the approach on the work. The writer applied New Criticism as the approach of the study.

There were few steps that the writer did in analyzing the novel. The first step was to read and to understand the chosen object, novel The Queen of the Tearling by Erika Johansen. The second step was to figure out the interest things of the novel which made the novel different with other novel. Then the writer

tried to answer the first problem which was finding and describing the characteristic and the characterization of Kelsea, the main character. The writer chose the most prominent characteristics of the main character. After that, the writer tried to answer the second problem which was describing the conflicts that Kelsea faced in the novel. The writer analyzed the conflicts one by one and clarified them as internal and external conflicts. After the conflicts were compiled, the writer found out how Kelsea solved the conflicts she faced to be a True Queen.

The last step done by the writer was analyzing the moral messages which was revealed on the way Kelsea solved her problems. The writer analyzed the messages by seeing how Kelsea responded to her conflicts. After the analysis part had been done, the writer made the conclusion part. The writer made the conclusion by concluding all of the analysis; started from how Kelsea is described, how Kelsea responded to her conflicts in the novel, and what messages

19 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the writer wants to analyze the three defined questions. The discussion of the questionis divided into three parts. First, the writer tries to identify the characteristics of the main character. Second, the writer wants to discuss the conflicts faced by Kelsea, the main character. Third is the moral messages revealed through Kelsea’s way to solve her problem.

The first step that the writer uses is discussing the characteristics of Kelsea. After the writer has found and made the details about the characteristics of Kelsea, the writer discusses the conflicts faced by the main character. Each characteristic that Kelsea has helps her in taking an action to solve the conflict that she is facing. After discovering how the main character solves the problem, the writer seeks out the messages of the actions taken by Kelsea.

A. The Characteristics of Kelsea

On the first sub-chapter, the writer describes the characteristics of

Kelsea. The writer uses M.J. Murphy’s Understanding the Unseen (1972: 161-173) to find Kelsea’s characteristics based on characters as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of others, reaction, direct comment, and thought.

Based on the story, Kelsea is a crown princess of Tearling who lives in a cottage in the woods. When she is a baby, Lazarus of The Mace, one of the late Queen’s Guards member, takes her into the woods. Lazarus takes her, so she can

survive from the situation that happens in Tearling before. She lives with her foster parents, Barty and Carlin. Barty is an old ex-Queen’s Guard and Carlin is one of the nobles who chooses to live in the woods with Barty. Kelsea spends her life in the cottage and the surroundings. Kelsea gets her education from the library in the cottage and the forest nears by. Barty teaches her about the environment and Carlin teaches her using the books in the library. But Kelsea’s life changes

when the Queen’s Guard of Tearling comes and urges her to return to the Tearling. Queen’s Guard is a group of guard who protects the queen of Tearling.

“Barty.” The leader of the troop greeted him. “A long time.”

Barty muttered something indistinguishable.

“We are here for the girl..” – The leader, a hard-faced man with scar

down the edge of his chin, bowed low in front of her. “YourHigness. I’m Caroll, Captain of the Queen’s Guard.” (Johansen, 2014: 15)

As told by the narrator and Caroll, the Captain of the Queen’s Guards, Kelsea has to return to the Tearling to do her duties as the Queen of the Tearling. The next disscussion elaborates the characteristics of Kelsea.

1. Brave

In the novel The Queen of the Tearling, the writer describes that the main character, Kelsea, is a character who has a brave characteristic. Her brave characteristic can be found in almost every sentence she says, the action she does and others’ opinions about her.

Kelsea is a courageous young girl. One day she is walking into the woods around the cottage. It is extremely rare for a princess to bravely go to do a venture alone in the story. Usually any of the noble such prince or princess is rarely going out by themselves. The guards usually follow them to protect them from the

danger.The late queen herself does not want to do such thing. Yet Kelsea, as a brave girl, she dares to explore the woods herself.

Kelsea likes to spend her time out in the woods and the adventure alone. She even passes the line which has been set by Carlin. Kelsea also knows the dangers that will threat her life in the woods. Besides the wild animals, which can

endanger Kelsea’s life, there is also the Caden who are hunting her for so long. Caden is a mercenary hired by her uncle, Thomas Regent who is ready to kill Kelsea. The author of the story describes Kelsea as a brave character by a direct comment.

Kelsea had gone then, and spent the morning roaming the forest, climbing over fallen trees and stopping every now and again to listen to the stillness of the woods, that perfect silence so at odds with the abudance of life it contained. She’d even snared a rabbit, for something to do, before letting it go.... (Johansen, 2014: 14)

Another example that shows Kelsea’s bravery is when she arrives at her kingdom. When she arrives, the situation of the Keep’s Field is filled with people of Tearling and some strange cages. There are people in the cages. Those cages are for the slave shipment. People of the Tearling come for the slave lottery. They come to do the registration of the lottery. One of their family will be sent to Mortmesne and become a slave. Kelsea becomes furious, she wants to end this, although it will violate the old treaty made with Mortmesne.

“I will end this.” “You’re certain?” Mace asked. “I’m certain.” “Then I vow to guard you against death.” Kelsea blinked. “You do?” Mace

nodded, resolve clear in his weathered face. “You have possibility in you, Lady. Caroll and I could both sense it. I have nothing to lose, and I would rather die attempting to eradicate a great evil, for I sense that’s Your

Lazarus of the Mace, a respected person in Tearling, puts his trust on Kelsea and he is willing to be the captain of Queen’s Guard. Caroll, the former captain is dead on the way back to Tearling. Mace realizes that Kelsea has the potential to be the True Queen of Tearling. He believes that Kelsea’s bravery can save the people of Tearling. According to A Glossary of Literary Terms, M.H Abrams stated that

Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it and from what they do (1999: 32).

Kelsea switches her view to the soldiers on the field. The soldiers are guarding every cage that has been filled. Kelsea asks them to release the people inside the cages. But the chairman of the census bureau, Arlen Thorne, does not agree with Kelsea’s order. He forbids every soldiers to obey her. Once again, It makes Kelsea furious. She shows her courage by giving them an ultimatum.

“I may sit on the throne for only one day, but if you don’t open those

cages right now, I swear before Great God that may sole act as Queen will be to watch every one of you die for treason! You will not live to see

another sun set! Will you test my word?” (Johansen, 2014: 149)

Kelsea yells at all the soldiers who refuse to open the cages. She gives a punishment for everyone who does not obey her command. A moment after, the soldiers obey and open every cage to free the people. Kelsea’s courage makes them shudder and obey her orders.

The courage to free her people and set fire to burn the slaves cages becomes a rumor in Tearling. The rumor spreads out to Arvath, a huge church of

Tearling. In Arvath, there lives bishops and fathers. Father Wyde is the chairman of Arvath. He hears the rumor and becomes aware of Kelsea’s bravery.

This morning Father Wyde had come in, fresh from handing out bread to the beggars who lined the steps of the True Queen. Tyler knew the terms: it was a female variant on the pre-Crossing Arthurian legend, the Queen who would save the land from terrible peril and usher in a golden age. (Johansen, 2014: 221)

As stated above, Kelsea gains the trust of the people of Tearling. They also adore Kelsea as a True Queen for her courage to terminate the Mort treaty, but Arlen Thorne does not agree with the treaty termination. After the conflict on

Keep’s Field, Thorne plans to do the shipment himself. He and his entourage successfully kidnap the people of the countryside of the Tearling. Thorne does this secretly on the night, so no one knows about this.

Kelsea has got a vision on her dream. She sees that Thorne is doing an illegal shipment a couple days ago and he is on the way to Mortmesne. She wakes up from her sleep and wakes her guards to chase the troupe.

Thorne and his entourage is chased by Kelsea and her guards. Kelsea finds them at the Argive Gap. On Argive, Kelsea meets Fetch, her old frenemy. Fetch is also chasing Thorne. Fetch is a mysterious thief who kidnaps Kelsea when she and Lazarus are on their way back to the Keep of Tearling. They meet unexpectedly in the forest when stalking Thorne.

“You could’ve kept your word from the Keep, you know. You have an

entire army at your disposal these days.”

Kelsea flinched at the sarcasm in his voice, but drew herself up to her full

height. “A long time ago, before ascending the throne, the king pledged

himself to die for his kingdom, if necessary. It was the only way the

There is a conversation between Fetch and Kelsea. This conversation shows the bravery that Kelsea has. She is willing to sacrifice herself to the death for her people. Fetch is amazed by the courage and the spirit that Kelsea has. He gives his trust, for she will become the True Queen of the Tearling.

Kelsea successfully destroys Thorne’s illegal shipment. She frees the people and burns the cages. After that, Kelsea and her guards are going back to the Keep, but on their way back, they meet her old enemy, the Caden. Kelsea and her guards are warry about this situation.

After watching the Caden for a moment, the Queen’s Guards recognize the leader of the Caden. His name is Merrit. Merrit is one of the famous faction leaders in the Caden. Other Caden members look highly upon him. Merrit approaches Kelsea and her guards.He is bringing a child with him.

The small boy had crept up behind his father to wrap an arm around his leg, and now Merrit reached down without thinking and picked him up again. “According to Sean, it’s you I have to thank for his life.”

“Many lives were saved last night. I’m glad your boy is one of them.”

(Johansen, 2014: 468)

Apparently one of the child who is on the illegal shipment is Merrit’s son. Merrit thanks Kelsea for saving his son. Merrit also offers his assistance to Kelsea. After a friendly conversation between Kelsea and Merrit, Merrit salutes Kelsea. Based on the story, the writer decribes it as a rare situation because Caden does not bow to anyone. The Queen’s Guards also shocked with what has happened. The Caden are famous mercenaries. They will do things as long as they are paid. They do not offer free things to for anyone.

“Should you need my assistance, find a baker’s boy named Nick down in the Wells,” Merrit continue, speaking to Mace now. “He’ll know how to get a message to me, and he’ll do it quietly.” He bowed to Kelsea and

turned to walk back to his horse, his gait slow so as not to wake the child. (Johansen, 2014: 469)

The dialogue above gives a clue to describe Kelsea as a brave queen. She gains the respect from her enemies. She does her decision bravely and makes her enemies respect her. She also gains a lot of respect from her people in Tearling after succesfully stop the illegal shipment. She is being called as the True Queen of Tearling for her courage.

From all the evidences and descriptions that the writer has gathered, it can be concluded that Kelsea has a brave characteristic. The writer describes that

Kelsea’s courage makes people trust her and makes her enemies respect her. Even the people of Tearling also worship her new queen for her courage.

2. Wise

In addition to her brave personality, the writer describes Kelsea as a character who is respected and loved by her people because of her wisdom. Every decision, thought, and action she takes is always based on her people’s needs and not for her own pleasure. As one example, Carlin, her foster mother is one of the figures who teaches Kelsea wisdom since she was little. She tells Kelsea to make every decision wisely. Carlin does not want her to become a cold-blooded person. She wants her to be wise and open-minded.

“But don’t allow reliance on weapons to impair your mind, Kelsea. Your

wits have always been sound; see that you don’t lose them along the way.

Kelsea’s wisdom is also shown when she thanks the Queen’s Guards for taking her back to the Tearling safely and sound. It is when Kelsea and the

Queen’s Guardsare on their way back to Tearling. They are getting ready to leave the woods and to continue their journey after taking some rest. Kelsea notices that

the Queen’s Guards does not seem to like this journey. That is because Kelsea, the true heir to the royal throne of Tearling, is being targeted by his uncle, Thomas Regent and the Red Queen of Mortmesne. But Kelsea guarantees the Queen's Guards a decent life when they arrived at the Keep. What is said by Kelsea becomes a clue for the writer that Kelsea has a characteristic.

“I know that none of you chose this errand, but I thank you for it. I would welcome any of you in my guard, but either way, your families will be

taken care of. I swear... for what it’s worth.” (Johansen, 2014: 64)

The next proof is when Kelsea feels furious about the things that she sees in a huge field. In the field, she sees poor and thin people. They look like scarecrows. It seems like they do not live in a proper life. Kelsea feels sorry for them and she feels responsible for their lives. The writer describes that Kelsea is someone who does not abandon anyone. Her queen’s instinct appears spontaneously when she sees such injustice situation. Kelsea’s responbility is to give them a proper life when she becomes a queen. That is how Kelsea’s wisdom revealed and shown.

She had dreaded being a queen most of her life, and she was ill equipped for the task, she knew, though Barty and Carlin had done their best. She

hadn’t grown in a castle hadn’t been raised in that privileged life. The

land she would rule frightened her in its vatness, but at the sight of the men and women working in the fields, something inside her seemed to turn over and breathe deeply for the first time. All of these people were her responsibility. (Johansen, 2014: 69)

Other evidence is when Kelsea and Lazarus are chased by the Caden in the forest. Carroll, the leader of the Queen's Guard asks them all to disperse, but unfortunately, the Caden finds and pursues Kelsea and Lazarus.

Kelsea and Lazarus defeat the Caden successfully, but there is Fetch and his entourage who manage to kidnap Kelsea. As already described above, Fetch is a cold-blooded man, a mysterious thief. When Kelsea is detained in Fetch’s tent, Fetch gives her some tests about her vision to become a queen. If Kelsea answers the test carelessly, then her life will be ended. Yet, Kelsea answers the tests wisely. Therefore, Fetch frees her on the next day together with Lazarus.

“I’ll govern for the good of the governed. I’ll make sure that every citizen is properly educated and doctored. I’ll cease wasteful spending

and ease the burden on the poor through redistribution of land and goods

and taxation....” (Johansen, 2014: 99)

From the speech that Kelsea said, the writer concludes that Kelsea will be a queen who will rule her kingdom in a wise and equitably way. Being wise and equitably is crucial to make a fairlaw for everyone without seeing their background and position. Because of her wise answers on the tests given by Fetch, Kelsea survives and returns to her kingdom with Lazarus of the Mace.

After arriving at Tearling and stopping the census bureau doing the lottery for the shipment, Kelsea wants to pick her maids in the Keep. Kelsea lets the women on the field to decide their own decision. If they decide to become maid in the kingdom, they will be given a decent life. Kelsea also promises a bright future for their children’s life, but if they refuse, Kelsea also does not

impose penalties on them. It becomes one of the proofs that Kelsea respects

everyone’s decision. The writer describes Kelsea as someone wise because she

does not harm the rights of others.

“..., I promise that you and your loved ones will receive every protection at my disposal. Not only protection, but all that my own children will one day receive. Education, the best of food and medical care, and the ability

to learn any trade they choose..” (Johansen, 2014: 154-155)

“I also give you my word that anyone who wishes to leave my service will be allowed to do so at any time, without delay.” (Johansen, 2014: 155)

The statements above explain Kelsea’s wisdom over someone’s rights. She respects the rights of others. She gives freedom for the maids in her kingdom. She does not ask them to always be there for her, but still allows them to take care of their children and have their time with their family.

On the other hand, Kelsea’s wisdom cultivates the hatred of Arlen Thorne, the leader of the Census Bureau. Thorne is someone who likes the freedom to do anything. Although he has his own right, but his point of view

about freedom is not the same with Kelsea’s mindset and her rule in the kingdom. Thorne desires to continue sending slaves to Mortmesne. Thorne thinks that Kelsea is different with his uncle, Thomas Regent. Thomas is a careless and a selfish person. He will do what he pleased and he does not care with other

people’s life. Thomas Regent is the brother of the late queen of the Tearling. He is not the heir of the throne and he manages to kill Kelsea before arriving at Tearling.

What Thorne valued was the freedom to continue doing whatever he wished, without restraint. With the official slave trade gone, it seemed a likely bet that the queen would turn her attention to the black market next. Traffic in weapons, narcotics, children . . . the new queen was not

the Regent, she’d proved that already; she cared about the low as well as

the great. That was why Thorne had decreed that she had to go. (Johansen, 2014: 334)

The statement above explains in detail that Kelsea’s ways in ruling is different with Thomas Regent. It triggers Thorne’s hatred. Kelsea prefers the right of the people. Kelsea's way of ruling is based on the moral value of humanity and justice, while Thomas Regent and Arlen Thorne prefer to do things based on their own pleasure.

Kelsea’s wisdom is also revealed when Kelsea holds a hearing in the Hall. At the hearing, Kelsea feels something is missing. She does not see the poor and the lower class people. She notices that most people who attend the hearing are the nobles. She decides to change that. She gives the right for anyone to come to the audience, regardless of their class.

As she went up the aisle, many in the crowd gave her disgusted glances,

but Kelsea was unimpressed; they’d likely behaved no better during the

last invasion. As on the day of her crowning, there were no poor here. She would have to change that. Next week when she held audience, she would tell Mace to throw the doors open to the first few hundred who came. (Johansen, 2014: 379)

The last evidence that the writer can collect is when Kelsea is chasing Thorne. When Kelsea successfully attacks and destroys Thorne’s entourage, her guards manage to capture one of the traitors. The traitor is Javel, one of the

Keep’s gatekeepers. Thorne asks Javel to join his entourage because he promises that Javel will get his wife back after he successfully does this shipment. Javel’s wife is sent many years ago in one of the shipments, but Javel lately realizes that what he is doing is wrong. Finally he decides to destroy the cage when Kelsea and his entourage attack.

Kelsea nodded, knowing this was true. But out of the blur of the night, which now seemed centuries ago, her mind suddenly dug up a vivid picture: this man, an axe in his hand, swingly wildly at the bars of the cage. – “Take him back to the Keep and put him in a cell.” (Johansen, 2014: 456)

When the attack is over, Javel is arrested by the Queen’s Guards. They demand to punish Javel at the moment. Yet Kelsea refuses because she knows and sees what Javel does that night. Kelsea sees Javel tries to dismantle the cage that night. As a wise person, Kelsea gives Javel imprisonment, not a death penalty. Kelsea decides to imprison Javel because what he does for freeing the people is right. She is not giving him a death penalty for helping Thorne’s illegal shipment. From all the quotations and the detailed explanations above, the writer considers that Kelsea has a wise characteristic. She has an open-minded tought that she uses for every decision she makes. She puts aside her own ego. As a queen, she rules based on the need of her people which is based on the perspective of humanity and justice. It is a proof that Kelsea is able to be the True Queen of The Tearling.

B. The Conflicts Faced by Kelsea Before and After Being a Queen of Tearling

After knowing the characteristics of Kelsea, the writer tries to reveal the problems that Kelsea faces before and after being Queen. In this section, the writer focuses on the conflics faced by Kelsea. The writer describes that Kelsea faces internal and external conflicts.

1. Internal Conflicts

As stated by Stanton in Introduction to Fiction, internal conflict is when a character is struggling against herself to decide her decision (1965: 16). In this section, the writer elaborates some evidences to strengthen the internal conflicts faced by Kelsea. The writer finds that that Kelsea faced most of her internal conflicts before she becomes a queen.

The first internal conflict faced by Kelsea is when she has a dilemma for leaving her foster parents or staying with them. She needs to leave her foster parents, Barty and Carlin to reclaim her throne in Tearling Kingdom. On the other hand, she does not want to leave her foster parents. She feels guilty if she leaves them alone. They are too old for living in the cottage in the middle of the woods.

But if Kelsea chooses to stay with them, Tearling’s situation will get even worse. The people will suffer because of the slavery that is still going on. In the end,

Kelsea chooses to leave her foster parents and take the responsibility that has been waiting for her for so long.

Barty and Carlin stepped back, and Barty picked up the last pieces of

Kelsea’s baggage. They both looked terribly old. Kelsea did not want to leave them there, these two people who’d raised her and taught her everything she knew. The irrational side of her mine briefly considered dropping her luggage and simply bolting out the back door, a bright and tempting fantasy that lasted two seconds before it faded (Johansen, 2014: 22).

The next internal conflict that is faced by Kelsea is when she has a dilemma on her way back to Tearling. She is lost in her thought. Kelsea is still unsure about what she will do when she becomes a Queen later in Tearling. She feels that she is so small, like she is just nothing for Tearling. On the other hand, her mind says that she needs to brace herself to take the responsibility because she is no longer a little girl. It is her destiny to rule the Tearling. She decides to take the risk in ruling the Tearling. She wants to rule the Tearling and free the people from slavery. She also wants to end the slavery to give back the rights of people of Tearling to live their life properly.

Good words, and Kelsea saw their wisdom even more now. But she had no idea what todo. How was she to command anyone? I’m nineteen. I’m not supposed to be frightened anymore. (Johansen, 2014: 30)

The next conflict is when she arrives and faces a complicated situation on

the Keep’s Yard. She has a dilemma to do what is right for Tearling’s people. Kelsea wants to burn the slave cages and ends the Mort Treaty. If she does that, it will endanger her people, because The Mortmesne will do an invasion to Tearling. On the other side, if Kelsea does not burn the cages and end the Treaty, her people will be sent as slaves for Mortmesne and it will keep the suffering

much longer. She is confused for a while. She is debating with herself, which way is better for Tearling. She faces a hard situation, because both decisions have their own risks. In the end, Kelsea decides to burn the cages and end the slavery for her

people’s rights and life.

She hesitated , then took he torch and rode toward the nearest cage. The crowd and her gurads shifted like a single great organis to allow her access...

..but before she could throw it, her eye happened on one of the two cages built for children. The fire inside her chest reignited, spreading heat across her skin. Everything I’ve done so far can be undone. But if I do

this, there’s no going back. (Johansen, 2014: 157-158)

Kelsea is aware about what she did. She shows her courage by ending the Mort Treaty and dealing with Mortmesne Invasion. She does that for good of her people. Her people have been suffering from this slavery for so long and she decides to end the slavery.

2. External Conflicts

After the writer discusses the internal conflicts that are faced by Kelsea, the writer discusses Kelsea’s external conflicts. Kelsea faces several external conflicts with the other characters in the story. External conflict itself is a conflict when the main character, the protagonist, is having different ideas with the other characters. As what Stanton said in Introduction to Fiction (1965), external conflict is indicated when a character against his/her surrounding environment. A main character has to deal with different thought of his/her surroundings. This conflict can be seen as a main character argues with another character, society, etc. The argument lasts because they have two different opinions and objectives.

Most of the conflicts that Kelsea faced is about trying to save the people of Tearling from the danger that they will face.

The type of conflict that Kelsea face is a struggle against another person. It is stated by Holman and Harmon in A Handbook to Literature (1986:107), a struggle against another person is a conflict when a character has to face the other characters either physically, mentally, or thought. In this section, Kelsea encounters with other characters in the novel The Queen of the Tearling are elaborated. Kelsea faces many different ideas and desires with other characters of the story.

a. Kelsea’s Conflict againts Pen.

There are some external conflicts that Kelsea faces in this story . The first external conflict is between Kelsea and Pen, the member of the Queen’s Guards. The conflict between Kelsea and Pen happens before Kelsea becomes the queen of Tearling. This conflict happens when Pen is going to build Kelsea’s tent in the forest, but Kelsea wants to do it by herself. She takes every tool that she can find on the saddlebags. She wants to show him that she can do thing by herself.

Kelsea feels ashamed at the moment. She does not know what she is doing with the tools that she has. She thinks that she does not need any help for building a tent. Pen explains that it is really necessary to build the tent with two or more people so that it will not give the person a hard time for making it. Kelsea realizes that it will not be that hard to build the tent and it will be wise for her to let Pen helps her in the beginning. In the end, Kelsea gives up and let Pen helps

her to build the tent. She feels sorry for herself for being stubborn and childish. The point of this conflict is that Kelsea needs to be wise onn making her deicision. She notice the youngest guard pulling the making of her tent from his

saddlebags. “i’ll do it!’’ she called and strode accross the clearing,

holding out her hand for some tool, perhaps some weapon, she didn’t care which. She’d never felt more useless.

The guard handled her a flat-headed mallet and remarked, “The tent does

require two people, Highness. May I help you?”

“Of course,” Kelsea replied, pleased. (Johansen, 2014: 40) b. Kelsea’s Conflict against Arlen Thorne

The next external conflict is associated with one of the prominent antagonists in the story. This conflict happens between Kelsea and Arlen Thorne,

the Census Burea’s leader. This conflict happens because Kelsea has a different ideas with Thorne on the slave lottery.

Kelsea arrives at the Keep and finds an unexpected situation that is complicated enough for her. She sees the people of Tearling are queuing for the slave shipment. Kelsea wants to stop the shipment of the slave so that the people will not suffer any longer, but Thorne prevents her from stopping the shipment because it will violate the Mort Treaty which has been maintained for years. Mort Treaty is a peace agreement with Mortmesne Kingdom. This treaty was signed long time ago when Mortmesne invades Tearling to conquer the New World. Although Mort Treaty has been done for many years, Kelsea sees the treaty as a major trouble in Tearling. She does not want her people to be sent to Mortmesne as slaves. Thorne wants to keep the treaty because it is his job that he has for a

long time. He loves his job as the census bureau and he does not want to lose his job because of a person like Kelsea.

Another reason is because Thorne does not believe if Kelsea is the heir of the throne of Tearling. Most people believe that the heir of the Tearling has disapperead long time ago. In the end, Kelsea shows a necklace of the late queen. A saphire and a symbol of the true heir of Tearling. This necklace is the proof that shows if she is the true heir of the Tearling. She is successfully in stopping the

lottery on Keep’s Yard. She burns the cages to end the Mort Treaty forever, so the people’s nightmare will come to an end. It is another proof that shows her action is based on humanity. After that, Thorne is gone and he is preparing a treachery. He is planning to do an illegal shipment on the borderline of Tearling. What Kelsea does helps her to be a True Queen because it gives Kelsea respect and love from the people of Tearling but Thorne.

“I am the Queen of the Tearling! Open the cages!”

The crowd erupted in a roar that hit Javel with the impact of a physical blow. Several soldiers moved to obey, pulling keys from their belts, but

Thorne barked sharply, “Hold your positions!” (Johansen, 2014: 146) c. Kelsea’s Conflict against Lady Andrews

The next conflict happens between Lady Andrews and Kelsea. This conflict happens because Lady Andrews does not agree with what Kelsea did last day. Kelsea ends the Mort Treaty. Kelsea’s decision makes most of the Tearling’s Nobles’ upset because they will lose their land and properties. This conflict takes place in the Keep’s Hall when Kelsea is holding a hearing for her people.

Lady Andrews is one of a noblewomen of Tearling who feels threatened by the situation that is happening. The Mort Treaty that has been violated by Kelsea will lead to an invasion by Mortmesne. Lady Andrew is worried about her land that is located on the borderline of Tearling. She does not want to take the loss by what Kelsea does. She wants Kelsea to continue the shipment so that Lady Andrews and the other nobles do not lose their properties. Lady Andrews and the nobles are not worrying about the poor people. They think it is their destiny to be sent as a slave. However, Kelsea insists on discontinuing the treaty. She is ready to take the risk. She makes a commitment that none of her people is sent and made slaves to Mortmesne. She respects her people’s life. She acts for humanity by saving their people from suffering.

Lady Andrews smiled, that deceptively sweet smile that seemed built to

hide gnashing teeth. “You’ve violated the Mort Treat, Majesty. I own

lands toward the end of the Crithe, in the eastern Almont. I have much to

lose.”

Kelsea snuck a glance at Mace and found him staring out across the

crowd. “I have more to lose than you, Lady Andrews. More land, and my life as well. So why don’t you let me worry about it?” (Johansen, 2014:

375)

d. Kelsea’s Conflicts against Lazarus of The Mace

The writer also finds a conflict between Kelsea and Lazarus, the new Captain of the Queen’s Guards. The point of this conflict is about trust. Kelsea has a vision on her dream, about an illegal shipment that is going on. Lazarus does not believe on Kelsea’s vision. He thinks that it is only a dream. Kelsea wakes up in the middle of the night and gets a vision about the slave shipment which is continued secretly.

they also think it is just a bad dream which is not real. Kelsea’s bravery is shown when she decides to go alone in the middle of the night. It is done by her because if she wastes more time, she will lose more people. The writer describes that the action Kelsea take shows her humanity side. She is willing to sacrifice herself for the goods of someone else.

The Queen’s Guards feels hesitated for following Kelsea and they also upset with Kelsea’s decision. They see no proof about the ongoing illegal shipment. In the end, the Queen’s Guards feels guilty for not believing on their Queen. They apologize for not believing Kelsea. If Kelsea does not follow her heart, and is not persistent, she will lose her people on the countryside. She will feel guilty for not chasing them while knowing they are kidnapped and she can not defend her reputation as a True Queen of Tearling.

From theexplanation above , the writer concludes that two characteristics that Kelsea has helps her much in any situation that she has faced. Kelsea is able to show the message by solving the problem based on her characteristics. Kelsea’s action is also showing the message that contains the moral value of justice and humanity. Those evidences above show the reader that Kelsea can be the True Queen of Tearling.

44 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION

In this chapter, the writer draws conclusions from the analysis which has been discussed in the previous chapter. The writer uses the novel The Queen of the Tearling as the object of study. The conflicts faced by Kelsea, the main character in the novel, contains messages which are essential for writer to conduct this study. The conflicts faced by Kelsea is about how she becomes a True Queen who can rescue and welfare the people of Tearling, a queen who can rule the kingdom with the moral value of justice and humanity. This study discusses the characteristics of the main character, the character’s conflicts, and messages that can be derived from the conflicts experienced by the main character.

First, the writer analyzes the characteristics of Kelsea, the main character in the story. There are two characteristics that the writer can find in Kelsea. Kelsea’s characteristic is brave and wise. Both characteristic greatly influence what Kelsea does in the story. Kelsea’s characteristics is shown through her actions, thoughts and words that she says. The problem-solving that she does is also describes her characteristics properly.

Second, the writer analyzes the conflicts that Kelsea faces in the novel The Queen of the Tearling. Kelsea as the main character in the story faces internal and external conflicts. Kelsea faces her internal conflicts when she hesitated about what

she should decide for the future. Most of her internal conflict is revealed when she is on her way back to Tearling and before being the queen of Tearling.

Regarding the external conflict, the writer concludes that the conflicts often encountered by Kelsea is with the people around her. The external conflicts also happens after she is being the queen. Kelsea has disagreements and differences in ways of thinking and desires which lead to conflict with other characters in the story. For example is the conflict between Kelsea and Lady Andrews. They debate about what is more important between life and property.

After the writer is able to analyze the conflicts faced by Kelsea, the writer is able to reveal the messages contained in the conflict. From every conflict that Kelsea faces, the writer concludes that most of the messages contain moral value of humanity and justice. The moral value of humanity and justice can be seen when Kelsea is fighting for the people’s rights and protecting the poor from the slavery.

The first message that the writer can find is to be wise in taking any decision. The first evidence that the writer finds is on Kelsea’s internal conflict. It is when Kelsea hesitated to claim her throne. She feels scared for what comes next on Tearling. She does not want her life to be different and she almost turn back to her cottage for she is scared to rule the Tearling. In the end, she decides to claim the throne and rule Tearling for the goods of her people.

Another evidences is when she has a conflict with Pen. As the heir of the throne of Tearling, Kelsea shall not be childish and stubborn and she shall decide to let Pen help her to build the tent. Her childish side gives Pen a hard time to deal with

her. She must shows her maturity so that she will earn respect from the people around her. Her wisdom for being mature shows the wise characteristic that she has.

The second message that can be found by the writer is on the conflict between Kelsea and Arlen Thorne. The moral message is being brave to take any risk for a better future. Kelsea stops the slavery by burning the slave cages and cancel the shipment so that her people will not suffer any longer. They will live their life in a proper way by taking the risk of Mort invasion. Kelsea thinks it is better to let the Mort come or make another Treaty that does not affect her people.

The third message is drawn from the conflict between Kelsea and Lady Andrews. The message is fighting for human rights which contains the moral value of humanity. In this conflict, Kelsea tries to fight for her people’s life. She wants to give her people a new life and end the slavery while Lady Andrews is worried about her property. Lady Andrews thinks people’s rights to live is not as worth as her property. On the contrary, Kelsea thinks that her people’s right to live their life properly is everything for her because she thinks property can be purchased but a life cannot.

The last message that the writer finds is on Kelsea’s conflict with Lazarus of The Mace. The moral message is to be consistent and never stop believing. In this situation, if Kelsea is not consistent with her belief, she will not stop the illegal shipment. It is wise for her to do it so that she can save the people from illegal slave shipment.

47

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