11 eighth is thoughts. The author can give the readers direct knowledge of what a
person thinks about, and it can be a good clue to guide the readers to know the characteristics. The last is mannerism. The author can describe a person’s
mannerism and habits, which could lead the readers to know about the characteristics.
3. Personality and Character
According to Hurlock 1974, human life consists of two aspects; they are individual and social aspects. The individual aspects focus on physical changes
and individual’s personality development which is influenced by individual’s early experience witherhis family and the important events that happened outside
home or social aspects pp.19-20. Furthermore, Hurlock 1974 explains that personality is determined by physical appearance, intellectual aspect, emotional
aspect, social aspect, sex, educational aspect, and family. Physical determinant is related to how physical appearance influences
someone’s personality. Physical appearance influences the personality both directly and indirectly. Direct influence means the body determines what people
can and cannot do. While indirect influence mans that a person adjustment to live is influenced by the way he she perceives hisher body in relation to others’
bodies, hisher ideal, culturally standards, and evaluation of hisher physical abilities and disabilities by others. p.143
Intellectual determinant is related to the ability of problem solving. How the person uses hisher intelligence is going to determine how successful hisher
adjustment will be p.173. Emotional determinant relates emotion to the direct
12 and indirect effect of emotion and to the personality shaping. The direct effect
comes from the physical and mental disturbance, while the indirect effect comes from the social reaction toward the person p.201. Social determinants come from
the social group where the person lives. The social group has an expectation that every person who wants to belong to that group to adjust or confront to its
standard p.232 Another factor that determines person’s personality is sexuality. This factor
influences a person’s personality development directly and indirectly. The direct effects come from the sex hormones that determine the growth rate of individual,
the body formation, functioning, and quality of behavior. While the indirect effects come from the role based on sexes which affected by three important
things; namely cultural influence, significant people and social pressure pp.292- 293
Educational factors also determine person’s personality. The school provides the person’s first real opportunity to individual appraise hisherself and hisher
realistically free from parental help p.322. Educational determinant also involves a person’s role as a student and related to school environment. Person’s
personality will be affected by the educational environment; teachers and classmate. An educational institution provides young people a chance to reach
their dreams and goals by teaching these young people to know their weaknesses and strengths p.349
According to Hurlock 1974, family determines personality directly by molding and communication. Parents transmit attitudes and values by telling their
