Factor Definition of Terms

10 Pickering and Hoeper 1986 divide characters into two categories: static character and dynamic character. Static character does not have the capability to develop or to change. Dynamic character has the capability to develop or change because of experiences p.29. Murphy 1972 states that to reveal characteristics out of a character there are nine ways pp.161-173. The first is through personal description. The author describes a person’s appearance literally and also the clothes. The second is character as seen by another. The author uses the other person to reveal one’s characteristics through their opinions about the character. The third is the speech. Through the speech the author gives the readers the insight about the characteristic. Therefore, while the character is speaking, having conversation with the others, or throwing his opinion, the character gives the readers a clue to what person heshe is. The fourth is past life. The author tells the readers about the past life of the character, and the author can give the reader a clue to shape the character. The clue can be a direct comment from the author, the character’s thoughts about himherself, and also the conversation with other characters. The fifth is a conversation of others. People do talk about another person, so the author can give the reader some clues through the conversation of other people and the things they say about the character. The sixth is reaction. The author can give the reader a clue through how the character reacts to some situations or events. The seventh is a direct comment. This one is easy to understand, because the author gives comment directly about the characteristics of the character. The 11 eighth is thoughts. The author can give the readers direct knowledge of what a person thinks about, and it can be a good clue to guide the readers to know the characteristics. The last is mannerism. The author can describe a person’s mannerism and habits, which could lead the readers to know about the characteristics.

3. Personality and Character

According to Hurlock 1974, human life consists of two aspects; they are individual and social aspects. The individual aspects focus on physical changes and individual’s personality development which is influenced by individual’s early experience witherhis family and the important events that happened outside home or social aspects pp.19-20. Furthermore, Hurlock 1974 explains that personality is determined by physical appearance, intellectual aspect, emotional aspect, social aspect, sex, educational aspect, and family. Physical determinant is related to how physical appearance influences someone’s personality. Physical appearance influences the personality both directly and indirectly. Direct influence means the body determines what people can and cannot do. While indirect influence mans that a person adjustment to live is influenced by the way he she perceives hisher body in relation to others’ bodies, hisher ideal, culturally standards, and evaluation of hisher physical abilities and disabilities by others. p.143 Intellectual determinant is related to the ability of problem solving. How the person uses hisher intelligence is going to determine how successful hisher adjustment will be p.173. Emotional determinant relates emotion to the direct