Motif Definition of Terms

Trowbridge 1966: 686 states, Holden is “at home in a world of innocence and integrity. He can trust her to take his side, to understand and sympathize ”. All of Holden‟s interactions with the other characters along the course of the novel symbolize the childhood side and adulthood side. These interpretations of the symbols found in the characters lead to the view of the narrative‟s larger structure. According to Trowbridge 1966: 683, what happens to Holden, and what constitutes, therefore, the structural pattern of the novel is the result of the c haracters‟ interactions. Meanwhile, James Bryan 1974: 1065-1074 performs another research seen through the point of view of psychoanalytic reading of The Catcher in the Rye, but it is still related to structuralism in term of the goal of the study, that is, to show how the psychological actions develop the structure of the text. Bryan focuses on Holden‟s psychological condition as someone that poised between two worlds childhood- adulthood, one he cannot return to and the other he fears to enter. Bryan 1974: 1065 states that the central rhythm of the narrative is “Holden confronts adult callousness and retreats reflexively into thoughts and fantasies about children. ” At last, he states that the basic of his analysis is the “examination of the structure, scene construction, and suggestive imagery reveals a pattern of aggression and regression ” that acted out in the central part of the novel based on Holden‟s psychological background Bryan, 1974: 1066. The other researcher that gives attention to structural analysis is Hubert Zapf 1985: 266-271 . He concludes that Holden‟s actions in the novel are well-ordered, thus showing the unity of the text. According to Zapf 1985: 266, the actions making up the narrative of The Catcher in the Rye follow a specific logic which can be described with structuralist means. He provides a homological model for Holden‟s action in The Catcher in the Rye: strong desire to return to childhood —desire for adulthood experience —rejection of adult world—rejection by adult world” Zapf, 1985: 267. These base language rules motivate all of Holden‟s actions throughout the story: Holden wants to join the adult but he is rejected by them. The studies done by Trowbridge, Bryan, and Zapf contribute to the framework of this study in ana lyzing J.D. Salinger‟s The Catcher in the Rye in the scope of structuralism approach. It can be summarized that Bryan‟s research examines the narrative text from Holden‟s psychological background, but still has relation to the study of the structure of the novel. Trowbridge focuses on the characters as the carrier of n arrative‟s symbol whereas Zapf gives attention on the plot in which it describes the main character‟s actions as the basis of the novel‟s narrative structure. Furthermore, the distinctive feature of this research is that it examines the intrinsic element motif in the novel. No previous study is done until the same procedure such as this one. This study gives a new perspective from the theory of