For the whole day he climbed up the steep mountainside, almost without stopping.
a. And in all this time he met none. additive
b. Yet he was hardly aware of being tired. adversative
c. So by nighttime the valley was far below him. causal
d. Then, as dusk fell, he sat down to rest. temporal
Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 226. The additive is generalized semantic relation in text-forming component of the
semantic system, that is based on the logical notion of „and’; and it is one of a small set of four such relations that are grouped together under the heading of conjunction.
Next, the basic meaning of the a dversative relation is „contrary to expectation’. The
expectation may be derived from the content of what is being said, or from the communication process, or the speaker-hearer process. Under the subtopic of causal
relations are included the specific ones of result, reason, and purpose. These are not distinguished in the simplest form of expression; so, for example, means „as result of
this’, „for this reason’, and „for this purpose’. The last one is temporal relation. It is expressed in its simplest form by then.
2. Theory of Semantic Features
In order to elaborate the significant differences between the lexical items which appear as reiteration or collocation, the analysis of their semantic feature are needed.
The analysis of the semantic feature of a word or lexical items is known as componential analysis. According to Ruth M. Kempson,
Many linguists have turned to what has been called componential analysis to give an explicit representation of the systematic relations between words. On
this view, the meanings of words are analysed not as unitary concept but as complexes made up of components of meaning 1977: 18
What is meant by components of meaning can be clearly described by the following example:
The word spinster might be analysed as a semantic complex made up of the features equivalently called components or markers [FEMALE], [NEVER
MARRIED], [ADULT], [HUMAN] 1997: 18.
3. Theory of Media Viewpoint
Everything that is written in a newspaper has to be transmitted through the medium of language. The transmission of a message through language almost of
necessity encodes value into the message. Language gathers its own emotional and cultural „loading’. What this loading is will depend on the nature of the culture or
subculture in which the language exists. For example if a particular culture has little respect for certain groups, concepts or beliefs, then the language for expressing ideas
about those groups, concepts or beliefs will reflect that attitude. Therefore, when these things are written about, people reading the text will have their attitudes
reinforced by the way the language presents these things to them. A simple and obvious way in which language can be used to present specific ideas about a group is
through the choice of words used to name and describe that group. Reah, 2004: 55 Language is never objective. Whenever a message is uttered, a number of
implicit choices are made by the speaker which ultimately determines how reality is linguistically portrayed. Grammar, textual organization or lexical choices, among
others clearly reveal different ways of verbalizing realities. Sierra, 1994: 92
Sierra in her journal quotes Fowler: We choose language according to the circumstances, and those circumstances
are ideologically and socially determined. This makes linguistics critical because it assumes that the links amongst people and society are not arbitrary
and accidental, but are institutionally determined. 1994: 92
In addition to more specific concept of the viewpoint of the media, Fowler said: ―What is being said is that, because the institutions of news reporting, and
presentation are socially, economically, and politically situated, all news is always reported from some particular angle.‖ 1994: 92
The discourse of the press is probably the clearest example of how objective facts can be understood in completely different ways depending on how they are linguistically
presented. According to Fowler, narrators, speech and thought presentation, the transitivity
system of the language, the modality system, the lexical choices all contribute in one way or another to reveal different aspects of the ―angle of telling‖ in a text. Sierra,
1994: 92 C.
Theoretical Framework
In order to analyze the data, the writer uses the theories that have been elaborated before as the tools to answer the two problems formulated in this research.
The first problem formulated in this research about how
The Korea Herald
and
The New York Times
in building the cohesion of the lexical items which convey the context of the resignation of Sout
h Korea’s Prime Minister is answered using the theory of Discourse Analysis especially in the aspect of cohesion which includes
lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion. This theory enables the writer in finding
the lexical items and identifying the cohesion of the lexical items which convey the context of resignation of South Korea’s Prime Minister. This theory also enables the
writer in describing the cohesion of the lexical items supported by the grammatical cohesion.
After figuring out the cohesion of the lexical items which covey the context of the resignation of South Korea’s Prime Minister, this study goes further into the
analysis of the viewpoint of the media to the issue. In order to answer the second problem formulation, the theory of semantic feature and the theory of viewpoint of
media are applied. These theories enable the writer to compare each text’s
employment of lexical items by its semantic feature. Then, these theories also enables the writer to compare each media’s viewpoint on the issue of the resignation of South
Korea’s Prime Minister based on the principles that media always have certain viewpoint in certain issue which are presented on the language used especially on the
lexical choice.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer presents the description on the methodology used in conducting this study in order to have a guidance to do the research systematically.
There are three main parts of this chapter: object of study, approach of the study, and
method of study. A.
Object of the Study
This study deals with the lexical items related to the context of the resignation of South Korea’s Prime Minister used in two articles from
The Korea Herald
and
The New York Times.
The one from
The Korea Herald
entitled “Prime Minister Quits
over Ferry Disaster” and the one from
The New York Times
entitled “South Korean
Prime Minister Offers to Resigns over Deadly Ferry Disaster”. Both articles are taken from the on-
line version of the newspapers. ―Prime Minister Quits over Ferry Disaster‖ in
The Korea Herald
is written by Yoon Min- sik while ―South Korean
Prime Minister Offers to Resigns over Deadly Ferry Disaster‖ in
The New York Times
is written by Choe Sang Hun. April 16, 2014 may be the day that many Koreans will never forget. Over 300
people died or went missing on the accident of the sinking ferry. Many of them are 16 and 17 years old high school students on a school trip to Jejudo Island from Incheon.
While the chaotic situation was arousing at the moment when the family of the victims waited for reliable information of the death toll, at the same time Prime
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