Character and Characterization Review of Related Theories

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2. Character and Characterization

Character is used by the author to reveal the message of the novel he wants to deliver. A novel will be more captivating for the reader to follow if the author can portray the character of the novel in an appropriate way. According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971, “character involves who acts out in a particular time and place some kind of conflict in a pattern of event”. A conflict of novel cannot be raised without the existing of character. Character made the reader understand the flow of the story Murphy, 1972, p. 161. On the other hand, the process to make the character seem real to the reader is called characterization. Abcarian and Klotz stated this theory in their book entitled Literature Reading and Writing the Human Experience . According to Abrams 1993, there are two types of character; protagonist and antagonist p. 89. Protagonist usually becomes the main character in such story because it is the essential figure in the story itself. While antagonist character is the contrast of protagonist character that usually creates the conflict of the story. The conflict can be created by not only human but also the situation and condition in the story. Abrams also differentiates other types of character. They are flat and round characters. He states “a flat character is presented without much individualizing details and can be fairly adequately described in a single phrase or sentence” p. 24. In addition, Rohrberger and Woods also divide the types of character into two types; they are flat and round characters. According to them, a flat character is constructed by single idea or quality and can be summed up in a single sentence. On the other hand, a round character is artistically speaking and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 11 has a higher achievement. Abrams adds that round character has many traits and usually undergoes changes in some aspect. There are two kinds of character that are defined by Milligan in his book entitled The Novel in English: an Introduction 1983. Those are major and secondary characters. Major character is a character that frequently appears in the story than the others. Secondary character is a character that less appears in the story p. 195. It is necessary to understand how the author presents the character in novel. To get deeper understanding about characterization, the writer uses the theory of Murphy 1972 that is found in his book Understanding Unseen: an Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students . He states nine ways of characterization to understand the character in the literary works. Those ways are personal description that gives the detail character through the body p. 161, character as seen by another that involves the description of character over eyes and opinion of another p. 162, speech that gives us an insight into the character of one of the person in the book through what that the person’s says p. 164, past life that presents person’s past life shaping his character p. 166, conversation of others that gives clues to a character over the other characters’ conversation and the things they say about the character p. 167, reaction that deals with how a person react to the various situations and event being a clue to his character p. 168, direct comment that shows person’s character directly p. 170, thought that brings about knowledge of what a person is thinking of p. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 12 171, and mannerism that describes person’s character through his mannerism, habits or idiosyncrasies p. 173.

3. Motivation