Jacques Sauniere`s motivation for writing his last message as seen in Dan Brown`s The Da Vinci Code.

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JACQUES SAUNIERE’S MOTIVATION FOR WRITING HIS LAST MESSAGE AS SEEN IN DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI CODE

A THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

Bekti Nur Christanti Student Number: 021214109

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA

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To live is to change,

and to be perfect is

how to have changed

often

This thesis is dedicated to

My Parents

and I

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vi ABSTRACT

Bekti Nur Christanti (2010). Jacques Sauniere’s Motivation for Writing His Last Message as Seen in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code_{. Yogyakarta: Faculty}

of Teachers Training and Education, Department of Language and Arts Education, English Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.

This study discusses The Da Vinci Code, a novel by Dan Brown. The objective of this study is to find out someone’s motivation for writing his or her last message as seen in Jacques Sauniere, one of the minor characters in the novel. In order to achieve this, there are two problems to solve. First, “How are Jacques Sauniere and Sophie Neveu described in the novel?” Second, “What is Jacques Sauniere’s motivation for writing his last message?”

The primary data of this study is Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code. The secondary ones are books, journals, and internet. This study uses psychological approach. The theories use theory of character and characterization and theory of motivation.

The findings of the study are: first, Jacques Sauniere is a melancholic old, loving French man. He is also a tough person who will not give up easily. In the mean time, Sophie Neveu can be described as a stubborn, middle aged woman. She is also beautiful, smart and curious. Second, Jacques Sauniere’s motivation for writing his last message is to fulfill Sophie’s needs: safety needs, belongingness and love needs, and self esteem needs. Those three needs are actually Jacques Sauniere's needs.

This study suggests that The Da Vinci Code be used as the material to teach Writing. As for future researchers, it is recommended that they discuss the centrality of human relationship especially that of male-and female.

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vii

ABSTRAK

Bekti Nur Christanti (2010). Jacques Sauniere’s Motivation Writing His Last Message as Seen in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code_{. Yogyakarta: Fakultas}

Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Program Study Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Tesis ini mendiskusikan tentang The Da Vinci Code, sebuah novel karangan Dan Brown. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk menganalisa motivasi seseorang dalam menuliskan pesan terakhirnya seperti terlihat pada Jacques Sauniere, salah satu karakter tambahan pada novel ini. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, ada dua masalah untuk dijawab. Pertama, “Bagaimana karakter Jacques sauniere dan Sophie Neveu digambarkan? Kedua, “Apakah motivasi Jacques Sauniere untuk menuliskan pesan terakhirnya?”

Data utama dari tesis ini adalah The Da Vinci Code karangan Dan Brown. Data-data kedua adalah buku, jurnal, dan internet. Tesis ini menggunakan pendekatan psikologi. Teori-teori yang digunakan adalah Theory of character and characterization dan Theory of motivation.

Hasil-hasil dari tesis ini adalah: pertama, Jacques Sauniere adalah seorang laki-laki Prancis yang melankolis, tua dan penyayang. Dia juga seorang yang kuat, yang tidak akan mudah menyerah. Dalam novel itu, Sophie Neveu dapat digambarkan sebagai wanita setengah tua yang keras kepala. Dia juga cantik, pintar, dan ingin tahu. Kedua, motivasi Jacques Sauniere untuk menulis pesan terakhirnya adalah memenuhi kebutuhan Sophie: kebutuhan akan rasa aman, kebutuhan akan rasa dimiliki dan dicintai serta kebutuhan akan dihargai. Tiga kebutuhan tersebut sebenarnya merupakan kebutuhan Jacques Sauniere.

Studi ini menyarankan bahwa The Da Vinci Code digunakan sebagai bahan untuk mengajar Menulis. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya, direkomendasikan bahwa mereka mendiskusikan hubungan sentral manusia khususnya laki-laki dan perempuan.

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JACQUES SAUNIERE’S MOTIVATION FOR WRITING HIS LAST MESSAGE AS SEEN IN DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI CODE

A THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

Bekti Nur Christanti Student Number: 021214109

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA

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(11)

To live is to change,

and to be perfect is

how to have changed

often

This thesis is dedicated to

My Parents

and I

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vi ABSTRACT

Bekti Nur Christanti (2010). Jacques Sauniere’s Motivation for Writing His Last Message as Seen in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code_{. Yogyakarta: Faculty}

of Teachers Training and Education, Department of Language and Arts Education, English Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.

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vii

ABSTRAK

Bekti Nur Christanti (2010). Jacques Sauniere’s Motivation Writing His Last Message as Seen in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code_{. Yogyakarta: Fakultas}

Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Program Study Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

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viii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma :

Nama : Bekti Nur Christanti Nomor Mahasiswa : 021214109

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul :

JACQUES SAUNIERE’S MOTIVATION FOR WRITING HIS LAST MESSAGE AS SEEN IN DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI CODE

beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demkian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Pada tanggal : 21 Desember 2010

Yang menyatakan

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to bestow my greatest gratitude to Lord for the bless and love he sends and for giving me the strength. I know that he is the only one who is always on my side.

I also would like to convey my deepest appreciation to Drs. A. Herujiyanto, M.A Ph.D., my sponsor who has devoted his time and energy to help me finish this thesis. He is very friendly and kind to me although I bothered him all the time. My appreciation also goes to all lecturers of the English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University for the knowledge, experience and guidance, during my study in Sanata Dharma University. My thanks are extended to the secretariat staffs in the English Education Study Program and library staffs of Sanata Dharma University.

My deepest gratitude goes to my dearest mother, Mrs. P. Sukamti, and my father Mr. Nurkarsan (alm), who always give their love, support, help, and understanding during my study. I would like to thank my sisters, Suryatinah and Triyani, and my brothers Dheni Rusmawan and Heri Prasetyo, I thank them for all their love that encourages me to finish my study. As for my little nephew and niece Erix and Adelia, I want to thank them for their “naughty” and smile which entertained me when I got bored.

My greatest thanks go to Drs. Dwi Priyanto, the headmaster of SD N

Sidoharjo and Ibu Sri Hartini, S.Pd., the headmaster of SDN Sumoroto for their understanding and supporting finish this thesis. I also thank all the teachers and

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staffs of SD N Sidoharjo and SD N Sumoroto, for their help, care and jokes. As for Ibu Tri Susilah, A.Ma.Pd., I thank her for lending me the laptop for such long time. To my dearest man, Gunawan Pamungkas, I thank him for his love and understanding. He always supports me in my ups and downs.

The biggest thanks are for my dearest friends, Esta, Tika, and Ike, for

teaching me the meaning of friendship and for all the sweet moments we had. They have been the most important friends for me. My big thanks go to all the members of PBI 2002, for the support and laughter we share. I hope we can meet again someday.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ……….... APPROVAL PAGES ……… PAGE OF DEDICATION ………... STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGININALITY ………. ABSTRACT ………..

ABSTRAK_………..

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI_………..

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……….. TABLE OF CONTENTS ……….. LIST OF APPENDICES ………...

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study ………. 1.2 Objective of the Study ………. 1.3 Problem Formulation ……….. 1.4 Definition of Terms ……….

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Theoritical Review………... 2.1.1 Theory of Critical Approaches ………...…...

i ii iv v vi vii viii ix xi xiv 1 4 4 5 6 6

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xii

2.1.2 Theory of Literature……… 2.1.2.1 Theory of Character……....………... 2.1.2.2 Theory of Characterization………..……… 2.1.3 Theory of Motivation ……….……… 2.2 Theoritical Framework …………..……….. 2.3 Criticism …………...………... 2.5 Context of the Novel ………...

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Subject Matter ………. 3.2 Approach ………. 3.3 Procedures………

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

4.1 The Character of Jacques Sauniere….……….……… 4.1.1 Tough .……….... 4.1.2 Loving ……… 4.1.3 Melancholic ……… 4.2 The Character of Sophie Neveu ……….. 4.2.1 Beautiful ……… 4.2.2 Stuborn ……….. 4.2.3 Smart ………. 4.2.4 Curious ………..

8 8 10 13 16 17 22 25 26 26 28 29 30 30 31 32 33 33 35

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4.3 Jacques Sauniere’s Motivation for Writing His Last Message ………... 4.3.1 Fulfilling the Sophie’s Safety Needs ……….. 4.3.2 Fulfilling the Sophie’s Belongingness and Love Needs……...….. 4.3.3 Fulfilling Sophie’s Self Esteem Needs ………...

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions ………. 5.2 Suggestions ………. 5.2.1 For Future Researchers ………... 5.2.2 For Teachers ………

REFERENCES ……….

35 37 37 39

41 43 43 44

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page Appendix 1 : The cover of The Da Vinci Code_...

Appendix 2 : Summary of The Da Vinci Code_………. Appendix 3 : Secret of the “Holy Grail” ……….. Appendix 4 : Biography of Dan Brown ……… Appendix 5 : Lesson Plan for Teaching Writing ………..

47 48 52 55 62

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1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter implies an introduction that consists of four parts. The first part is Background of the Study. This part discusses about the reason of choosing the novel, The Da Vinci Code, as the subject of the study. The second part is Objective of the Study. This part states the objective of conducting the study. The third part is Problem Formulation and the last part is Definition of Terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Honesty is something that most people demand from others. On the other hand, it is something difficult to say or do. In certain circumstances, people believe that telling a lie is the best thing to do, for example in the case of patient who are going to die. Honesty will only ruin the calm situation. Some people do not want to hear a plain honesty although they know that is the truth. They want others to say a lie to make them feel better. When someone starts feeling disturbed because of honesty, a conflict between two people can arise. However, sometimes honesty can make a better life in having friendship for instance. People want to have a friend who will tell you the truth no matter what.

When someone thinks that his or her friend has hurt his or her feeling, he or should tell the friend about it. If he or she does not talk about it, his or her friend will think that everything is all right. Both of them live in a lie and that is not a healthy relationship. He or she should tell the friend that he or she feels hurt. When they have been honest to each other about their feelings and what they

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want, they can talk what they have to do. Each will feel relieved and their relationship can go even stronger than before.

However, sometimes people do not want to say what they really think because they do not want to look different from others. These people actually have different opinions, or point of views, but choose to lie in order to avoid to conflict because they do not want to ruin the good or calm situation. Furthermore, there are some people who will do anything including lying to achieve their own purposes. They choose to lie in order to get what they want. They are not honest to other people. These people do not consider what may happen because of their lies.

In a family, relationship between the members is important. Through the family we can share all the laughter and the pain. We often open to our family than other people, because we have already know each other our characters, personality so we more enjoyable sharing what we feel to our family members. How mad we feel with other members of the family will take no longer anger.

How if our relation is bad with our family? Of course it will make pain. However family is the most important thing we get. If one of the members of family passed away we will feel sad.

Death can comes anytime. Before died, usually people will tell the other family members how much he/she still has money, or how much they have obligation. It will make the death person will be easier to get to heaven. If the death person did not have a chance to tell to others, the people which are still have

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relation will come to other family members. They will tell the other family members that the death person still have obligation to him/her.

It seems Brown has that such experience. Through the novel Brown tried to hypnotize the readers by making curious in breaking the sequence series of codes, riddles, and anagrams.

Dan Brown’s work The Da Vinci Code (2003) is such an incredible novel. When the first time I read this novel I feel something unbelievable. This book describes the attempts of Robert Langdon, Professor of Religious Symbology at Harvard University, to solve the murder of renowned curator Jacques Saunière of the Louvre Museum in Paris. A baffling cipher is found near his body. Saunière's granddaughter, Sophie Neveu and Langdon attempt to sort out the bizarre riddles and are stunned to discover a trail of clues hidden in the works of Leonardo Da Vinci. The unraveling of the mystery requires solutions to a series of brain-teasers, including anagrams and puzzles. The ultimate solution is found to be intimately connected with the possible location of the Holy Grail and to a mysterious society called the Priory of Sion, as well as to the Knights Templar. The story also involves the Roman Catholic organization Opus Dei.

Jesus Christ is a historical figure of staggering influence, perhaps the most enigmatic and inspirational leader the world has ever seen. As the prophesied Messiah, Jesus “toppled kings”, inspired millions, and founded new philosophies. As a descendant of King Salomon and King David, Jesus possessed a rightful claim to the throne of the King of Jews. (Dan Brown, 2003: 251)

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I am interested in this novel because it gives a new knowledge that I have never known before. Christian people know that Jesus is unmarried man. This novel gives a new point of view. It seems that Dan Brown admires Leonardo Da Vinci. He is inspired by his painting of “The Last Supper” According to Priory Sion, Jesus married to Marie Magdalene, and they got a daughter. Priory Sion also says that, the authority of church is given to Marie Magdalene, not to Peter.

The aim of looking into this novel is to analyze what is Jacques Sauniere’s motivation in leaving a message before he died. In order to do so, it is important to analyze the character of him in the novel. It is also a must to discuss his influence on other character in the novel. The theories used in this study are theory of character and characterization. The approach used is Psychology approach.

1.2 Objective of the Study

The objective of this study is to find out someone’s motivation for writing his or her last message as seen in Jacques Sauniere’s one of the minor character in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code.

1.3 Problem Formulation

This study is focused on two problems.

1. How are Jacques Sauniere and Sophie Neveu described in the novel?

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1.4 Definition of Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding in reading this research study, there are some terms that the writer needs to define. This definition of terms hopefully can be helpful in understanding the terms that are used in this thesis.

1. Message

According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, message is a written or spoke request, piece of information. (1995: 733)

2. Motivation

Motivation comes from the word motive. Aiken sates that the term motive refers to an internal state of organism which arouses activity and direct the organism’s behavior toward certain objects and condition called goal (110). In this study, motivation is the reason of people’s behavior.

3. Priory Sion

In the novel The Da Vinci Code it is mentioned that according to the writer Dan Brown, The Priory Sion is a European secret society founded in 1099. This organization is admired to Goddess and very feministic.

4. Toppled Kings

According to Brown, in The Da Vinci Code, Toppled King means the most honorable man than the kings.

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6 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of review of theories and information that I employ in my study. I divide this chapter into three parts. The first part is Theoritical Review, second part is Criticism, and the last part is Context of the novel. The Theoritical Review includes the theory of Literature and the Review includes Character, Characterization and Critical Approach. The review of Related Theory includes the Theory of Motivation. The Criticism presents some critics about the novel and the author. The Context of the novel talk about the setting and the plot of the novel, also about the biography of the author.

2.1 Theoritical Review

In this study, the writer used some theories. They are theory of critical approaches, theory of character and characterization, and theory of psychology which is focuses on motivation.

2.1.1. Theory of Critical Approaches

In giving appreciation to literary works can be different to every reader. One thing can do is giving evaluative judgments. Therefore the readers need some appropriate approaches known as critical approaches to literature. It helps the readers gain better understanding in the nature, function, and positive values of literary works. Rohrberger and Woods Jr. introduce five approaches as the means

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for the readers to evaluate a literary work (6-15). Those approaches are the formalist approach, biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic approach, and the psychological approach.

1. The first is the formalist approach. It is concerned with demonstrating the harmonious involvement of all parts to the whole and with pointing out how meaning is derived from structure and how matters and technique determine structure (6-7).

2. The second is the biographical approach. This approach provides useful facts about the author will help the readers to have a better understanding and appreciation toward the literary object (8-9).

3. The third is the sociocultural-historical approach. This approach is concerned with the social background in which work of literary was created. In short, before one can understand well a work of literature, he or she has to know the social, cultural, and historical aspects of the literary works because these aspects are inseparable from the literary object (9-11).

4. The forth approach is the mythopoeic approach. This approach emphasizes the universal recurrent pattern of human thought. It is believed that the patterns are found in ancient myth, folks rites which are so basic of human to human thought and have meaning for all humans (11-13).

5. The last approach is the psychological approach. This approach belives that one’s imagination, capacity for creation, and complexity of thoughts and behaviors are expressed through symbolic words, thought and action. The symbols are common to all humans in which can be interpreted in light of

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individual’s experience. This approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent pattern (13-15).

In this study, the writer used the psychological approach to analyze Dan Brown The Da Vinci Code. By using this approach, the analysis of Jacques Sauniere’s motivation in the novel can be done profoundly. The psychological approach uses psychological theories to explain human motivation, personality and behavior patterns written in literary objects. Moreover, this approach believes that characters’ thought, personality, and behavior may reflect their psychological order.

2.1.2 Theory of Literature

A novel is a kind of litearary work, therefore, i support the analysis by using the theory of literature. This part presents the theoris of literature, which are divided into two, the theory of character and theory of characterization.

2.1.2.1Theories of Character 1. Definition of Character

One of the most important elements in the novel is character. A character can be recognized by describing the physical and physiological appearance. According to Van De Laar and Schoonwoerd (1957: 165) in An Approach to English Literature writes that characters in a novel must be like actual human being. Characters must be recognizable men and women. According to Abrams (1993: 23), writes that characters are person presented in a dramatic or narrative

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work who are interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral, dispositional and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say the dialogue, and what they do the action. Therefore, the character is usually easily analyzed from the dialogue or action.

2. Kind of Character

Based on the amount of attention given to the characters, Henkle (1977: 88) divides the characters into major and secondary or minor characters. He also considers a major character as a protagonist. Major characters are characters observed most often in the novel and whose appearance are frequent (1977: 90-92). By understanding them, the readers will understand the focal experiences of the novel. Henkle points out that the effectiveness of most novels depend upon the ability of the major characters to express and dramatize the human issues of the book. On the other hand, the secondary or minor characters are characters that perform more limited functions. They are generally less complex, or less intense, and drawn in shallower relief, present what is often only one side of the experience (1977: 97)

Abrams (1993: 24) classifies a character into two types: flat character and round character. A flat character is a single idea and is presented in outline and without much individualizing detail. It means that flat character has dominant traits and has no desires motivation or conflict.

The round character has many dominant traits and complex desire, motivation and conflict. Therefore, a round character tends to change from the

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beginning of the story until the end of the story tends to be complex. Thus, round character is difficult to describe. Round character can also called as developing characters.

Foster (1947: 47) describes the advantages of flat character and round character. Flat characters are easily known by the readers’ emotionally eyes, not by the visual eyes. Emotionally eyes means, it can be described by using the feeling. The reader can also easily remember the characters because they do not change.

On the other hand, round characters cannot be identified directly and quickly because there are some life aspects that influence them to develop. Because of those aspects, the readers cannot easily memorize the characters as in the flat characters.

In addition, Perrine (1947: 48) divides character into two parts. The main character, who appears more often in the story than other characters. It appears from the beginning to the end of the story. Furthermore, the content of the story is focused on the main character. The minor character appears in certain circumstances and times. His role is less important than the main character because the total rules and focus are on the main character.

2.1.2.2 Theories of Characterization 1. Definition of Characterization

According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971: 20), characterization is a process where the author creates a character that must be credible. They also add

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that characters have particular personalities and physical attributes that distinguish them from other characters. Another opinion comes from Holman and Harmon (1968: 81) characterization is the way to create of imaginary person, so they exist for the reader as life like. Therefore, the author always point out what the character is, how he lives, what he likes and dislikes. Those traits are called character while the technique to make the traits known as characterization.

2. Ways of analyzing Character

Rohrberger and Woods (1971: 20) write two ways of characterization. First the author described the character directly. He or she simply writes the physical appearance, or moral attributes of the character. The last, the author can describe the character dramatically. The author describes the character through the way he or she behaves and speaks.

Abrams in his book A Glossary of Literary Terms writes that there are two different methods in characterizing the person in narrative, which are showing or dramatic method and telling method (1981: 21). In showing, the author only writes about the characters speak and act. Furthermore, in the novel, the author gives the description, and often evaluation about the motives and dispositional qualities of the characters.

According to Murphy (1972: 161-173) there are nine ways used by the author to make his or her characters understandable for the readers. They are:

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1. Personal description

The author tells the readers about his or her characters directly through the appearance of the characters and the clothes which they wear.

2. Character as seen by another

The author describes the character through other characters’ opinion in the novel.

3. Speech

The author describes the character through what the character says and in a conversation with others, or give opinion.

4. Past life

The author describes the person’s character through the events in the past that can shape or influence his or her personality in the present. In can be figured out by a direct comment, through the person’s thought or through his or her conversation or through the medium of other person.

5. Conversation of others

The author gives the clue to a person’s character through the conversation of other people and what they say about him or her.

6. Reactions

The author can also gives the readers clues to a person’s character through how the person react when he or she facing the problem.

7. Direct comment

The author directly gives his personal reception and comment to the character he creates.

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8. Thoughts

The author gives the clue from what characters’ thought. By knowing what the character is thinking, the reader will simply describe the character through the thought.

9. Mannerism

The author describes as a person mannerism, or habit that may tell the readers something about his or her character.

Those ways of course do not have to be applied wholly. The author can apply only one or perhaps some ways to characterize his or her characters in the novel.

2.1.3 Theory of Motivation

People behavior is influenced by certain motives. These motives lead them to behave in their manner to get some achievement. Motivation seems to provide the “why” behavior. The term motive refers to an internal state of the organism which arouses activity and directs the organism behavior toward certain objects or condition called goal (Aiken 110). Since motives are always inferred from behavior, it is circular reasoning to argue that a motive explains the behavior from which it was inferred. According to Stanton, a character’s reason for behaving as he does is his motivation (17). Moreover, Kalish clarifies that motivated behavior is behavior set into motion by need (29). A need indicates that some type satisfaction is lacking and implies that the organism is activated to reduce the dissatisfaction. He believes that motivation is strong enough to active goal seeking

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behavior, which begins with curious feeling and ended with behavior that satisfied one’s need.

Theory of motivation plays an essential role in this study because it helps the writer to discover the Jacques Sauniere in leaving a message before he died. It help the writer understands the reason why Jacques Sauniere decides to take such action.

There are different theories of motivation stated by some theorist. The most widely known is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow believes, as mentioned in Braun and Linder, that human needs, or motives, are organized hierarchically. (375)

Maslow in Globe’s The Third Force clarifies motivations in relation with human needs (38). He states, as explained by Petri that human motivations are based on human needs and that people conduct an action to fulfill their needs (302). Moreover, Maslow theory, as mentioned in Schultz, states that the need of love and possessing have to be fulfilled in order to get the satisfaction feeling and motivation arises because such needs (94). This show that motivation exists to fulfill the lacks that people feel inside them.

Maslow hierarchy of needs consists of physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, esteem needs, and self actualization needs. The first two needs are considered primary or lower needs. Maslow argues that usually the lowest need on the hierarchy has to be satisfied first before the higher needs on the hierarchy has to be satisfied first before the higher needs on the hierarchy being satisfied (Globe 38-43).

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The psychological needs are the fundamental needs for food, clothing shelter, comfort, and self preservation. Someone who faces death by starvation or any other need of this level may resort to murder to meet fundamental, life sustaining need, despite what society might think. When a person lack of foods, self esteem, and love, he is going to demand food first. He will ignore the other need until the need of food of satisfied.

The safety needs are the needs for stability, order and protection. An insecure person behaves as if a great tragedy is always impending. This person has an over need for order and stability, and tries hard to avoid the strange and the unexpected. In short, people need to feel secure, safe and out of danger. People are going to realize that higher needs become unimportant when their life is endangered.

The next needs are the belonging and love needs. Love according to Maslow involves a healthy, loving relationship between two people which include mutual trust (Globe: 41). We satisfy our love needs by establishing an intimate, caring relationship with another person, or people in general, and in this relationship it is just as important to give love as to receive it. In the proper relationship, there are lack of fear and dropping of defenses. The absence of love stifles growth and the development of potential. To defeat love needs is considered as a prime cause of maladjustment. Love hunger is a deficiency disease. Love involve research hunger for affectionate relationship with others and it requires both the receiving and giving of love itself, love from another and someone to love. According to Maslow, belonging and love needs are difficult to

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be satisfied in this modern world in which people move a lot. We no longer stay permanently in one place. We change houses, neighborhood, cities, countries and even spouses. We are not long enough in one place to develop a sense of belonging.

The self esteem needs have two categories. They are self-esteem and respect from other people. Self esteem comprises such needs as desires for confidence, competence, mastery, adequacy, achievement, independence and freedom. Those characteristics if we lack of them, we feel inferior, weak and helpless in facing life. Respect encloses such concepts as prestige, recognition, acceptance, attention, status, reputation, and appreciation. Very often we think well ourselves if we are sure that others think well of us.

The self actualization needs are described as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. These needs are the identification of the psychological needs for growth, development and utilization of potential. Self-actualizing people express their emotions in open and direct ways. They are also committed to their work. According to Maslow, if this sense of devotion and dedication is absent, it is impossible for someone to become self actualizing. These needs also appear after reasonable satisfaction of love and esteem needs (Globe 42).

2.2 Theoretical Framework

The theories that the writer had explained were to support the analysis of the study. In this part, the writer mentioned what theories are applied and why the

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writer used those theories. First was the theory of critical approach which was important to know what approach was the most relevant to analyze the study. It turn out that the psychological approach was the most relevant one because this study discussed human motivation, personality, and behavior patterns written in literary objects. Moreover, this approach believed that character’s thought, personality and behavior might reflect their psychological order.

The second was the theory of character and characterization. The theories were used to help the writer describe what kind of person was the Jacques Sauniere in the novel. According to the theory, a character should be described through several ways. These theories were important in answering the first questions in the problem formulation.

The third was theory of motivation. The theory was employed in order to reveal the motivation of Jacques Sauniere in leaving a message before he died. The theory is important to answer the second question of problem formulation.

2.3 Criticism of the Novel

The Da Vinci Code is a 2003 mystery-detective fiction novel written by American author Dan Brown. It follows symbologist Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu as they investigate a murder in Paris's Louvre Museum and discover a battle between the Priory of Sion and Opus Dei over the possibility of Jesus Christ of Nazareth having been married to Mary Magdalene.

The title of the novel refers to, among other things, the fact that the murder victim is found in the Denon Wing of the Louvre, naked and posed like Leonardo

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da Vinci's famous drawing, the “Vitruvian Man”, with a cryptic message written beside his body and a pentacle drawn on his stomach in his own blood.

The novel has provoked a popular interest in speculation concerning the Holy Grail legend and Magdalene's role in the history of Christianity. The book has been extensively denounced by many Christian denominations as an attack on the Roman Catholic Church. It has also been criticized for its historical and scientific inaccuracy.

The book is a worldwide bestseller that sold 80 million copies as of 2009[update] and has been translated into 44 languages. This makes it, as of 2010, the best selling English language novel of the 21st century and the 2nd biggest selling novel of the 21st century in any language. Combining the detective, thriller, and conspiracy fiction genres, it is Brown's second novel to include the character Robert Langdon, the first being his 2000 novel Angels & Demons. In November 2004, Random House published a Special Illustrated Edition with 160 illustrations. In 2006, a film adaptation was released by Sony's Columbia Pictures.

The book generated criticism when it was first published, due to its inaccurate description of core aspects of Christianity, the history of the Catholic Church, and descriptions of European art, history, and architecture. The book has received mostly negative reviews from Catholic and other Christian communities.

Many critics say that Brown should have done much more research before publishing this book. On February 22, 2004, an article titled "The Last Word: The Da Vinci Code" appeared in the New York Times by writer Laura Miller. Miller attacks The Da Vinci Code on multiple levels, referring to it as "based on a

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notorious hoax", "rank nonsense", and "bogus." She points out how heavily the book is based on the fabrications of Pierre Plantard (the Priory of Sion did not exist until Plantard created it) who in 1953 was arrested and convicted of fraud.

The book opens with the claim by Dan Brown that "The Priory of Sion — a European secret society founded in 1099 — is a real organization". The Priory of Sion itself was actually a hoax created in 1956 by a Mr. Pierre Plantard. The author also claims that "all descriptions of artwork, architecture, documents … and secret rituals in this novel are accurate"; but this claim is disputed by almost all academic scholars in the fields the book discusses.

Numerous works have been published that explain in detail why any claim to accuracy is difficult to substantiate, while two lawsuits have been brought alleging plagiarism in The Da Vinci Code. The first suit for copyright infringement was filed in February 2006 in a British court by the authors of The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, a purportedly nonfiction account of Mary Magdalene's role as the wife of Jesus of Nazareth and the mother of his child, was found in Dan Brown's favor. No verdict has yet been rendered on a second suit, filed in August of the same year, in the United States by Jack Dunn, the author of The Vatican Boys.

A third author, Lewis Perdue, alleged that Brown plagiarized from two of his novels, The Da Vinci Legacy, originally published in 1983, and Daughter of God, originally published in the year 2000. He sought to block distribution of the book and film. However, Judge George Daniels of the US District Court in New York ruled against Perdue in 2005, saying that "A reasonable average lay observer

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would not conclude that The Da Vinci Code is substantially similar to Daughter of God" and that "Any slightly similar elements are on the level of generalized or otherwise unprotectable ideas." Perdue appealed, the 2nd US Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the original decision, saying Mr. Perdue's arguments were "without merit".

Dan Brown himself dilutes the suggestion of some of the more controversial aspects being fact on his web site: "The FACT page makes no statement whatsoever about any of the ancient theories discussed by fictional characters. Interpreting those ideas is left to the reader". However, it also says that "these real elements are interpreted and debated by fictional characters", "it is my belief that some of the theories discussed by these characters may have merit." and "the secret behind The Da Vinci Code was too well documented and significant for me to dismiss." Brown's ambiguity on the matter continues to fuel debate over the factual content of the novel.

Brown's earlier statements about the accuracy of the historical information in his book, however, were far more strident. In 2003, while promoting his novel, he was asked in interviews what parts of the history in his novel actually happened. He replied "Absolutely all of it." In a 2003 interview with CNN's Martin Savidge he was again asked how much of the historical background was true. He replied, "99% is true ... the background is all true". Asked by Elizabeth Vargas in an ABC News special if the book would have been different if he had written it as non-fiction he replied, "I don't think it would have." More recently Brown has avoided interviews and has been rather more circumspect about the

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accuracy of his claims in his few public statements. He has also, however, never retracted any of his earlier assertions that the history in the novel is accurate, despite substantial academic criticism of his claims.

In 2005, UK TV personality Tony Robinson edited and narrated a detailed rebuttal of the main arguments of Dan Brown and those of Baigent, Leigh and Lincoln, "The Real Da Vinci Code", shown on British TV Channel 4. The program featured lengthy interviews with many of the main protagonists cited by Brown as "absolute fact" in The Da Vinci Code. Arnaud de Sède, son of Gérard de Sède, stated categorically that his father and Plantard had made up the existence of the Prieuré de Sion, the cornerstone of the Jesus bloodline theory - to quote Arnaud de Sede in the program, "frankly, it was piffle". The program also cast severe doubt on the Rosslyn Chapel association with the Grail and on other related stories like the alleged landing of Mary Magdalene in France.

The novel has also attracted criticism in literary circles for its alleged lack of artistic or literary merit and its allegedly stereotyped portrayal of British and French characters.

Stephen Fry has referred to Brown's writings as "complete loose stool-water" and "arse gravy of the worst kind." In a live chat on June 14, 2006, he clarified, "I just loathe all those books about the Holy Grail and Masons and Catholic conspiracies and all that botty-dribble. I mean, there's so much more that's interesting and exciting in art and in history. It plays to the worst and laziest in humanity, the desire to think the worst of the past and the desire to feel superior to it in some fatuous way."

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In his 2005 University of Maine Commencement Address, best-selling author Stephen King put Dan Brown's work and "Jokes for the John" on the same level, calling such literature the "intellectual equivalent of Kraft Macaroni and Cheese." The New York Times, while reviewing the movie based on the book, called the book "Dan Brown's best-selling primer on how not to write an English sentence". The New Yorker reviewer Anthony Lane refers to it as "unmitigated junk" and decries "the crumbling coarseness of the style." Linguist Geoffrey Pullum and others posted several entries critical of Dan Brown's writing, at Language Log, calling Brown one of the "worst prose stylists in the history of literature" and saying Brown's "writing is not just bad; it is staggeringly, clumsily, thoughtlessly, almost ingeniously bad." Roger Ebert described it as a "potboiler written with little grace and style," although he did say it did "supply an intriguing plot."

http://www.rbooks.co.uk/product.aspx?id

2.4 Context of the Novel

The context of the story will be seen through the biography of the writer and the setting of the story. The biographical approach is used to show us the life of Dan Brown that inspires himself to write about thriller novels.

Dan Brown (Danielle Brown) was born and raised in Exeter, New Hampshire, USA. Brown grew up on the campus of Phillips Exeter Academy, where his father, Richard G. Brown, was a teacher of mathematics. Brown's interest in secrets and puzzles stems from their presence in his household as a

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child, where codes and ciphers were the lynchpin tying together the mathematics, music and languages in which his parents worked. When he was young Brown spent hours working out anagrams and crossword puzzles, and he and his siblings participated in elaborate treasure hunts devised by their father on birthdays and holidays.

After graduating from Phillips Exeter, Brown attended Amherst College. Brown spent the 1985 school year abroad in Seville, Spain, where he was enrolled in an art history course at the University of Seville.

In 1991 he moved to

Brown graduated from Amherst in 1986.

Hollywood to pursue a career as singer-songwriter and pianist. To support himself, he taught classes at Beverly Hills Preparatory School but in 1996, Brown quit teaching to become a full-time writer.

The Da Vinci Code was released in 2003 and received immediate attention from critics. It was the book that achieved lasting literary success and popularity for Dan Brown. All of his books are about thriller. He used his experience about codes in writing his novel. We can see the same theme in Digital Fortress, one of the novels written by Dan Brown.

The story takes place in Paris. It starts off with the murder of Jacques Saunière (one of the Grand Masters of Priory of Sion). Sauniere’s body is positioned as “The Virvituan Man”, Leonardo Da Vinci’s famous painting. Around his body, there are codes written with his own blood. There is a message

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for Sophie Neveu, who is his granddaughter and Robert Langdon. Sauniere knows that Langdon has skills in deciphering codes. Therefore they are chased by the police since the police think that Langdon murdered Sauniere. Later on in the story, Neveu and Langdon get help from Sir Leigh Teabing, a British historian. Langdon and Neveu start to sort through the riddles, and they find a trail that leads to the work of Leonardo Da Vinci, and the secret society, the Priory Sion.

The Priory Sion think that Jesus and Mary Magdalene were married. Here they find out that Sauniere was a member of the Priory. Jacques Sauniere wants to tell this secret to Sophie Neveu, but their relationship getting worse since Sophie Neveu saw her grandfather having a ritual sex. Since that time, she had not met her grandfather. At the end of the story, Sophie Neveu finds her long-lost grandmother and her brother.

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of four sections. The first is subject matter. It deals with the subject of the study. The second is approaches. It deals with the literature approaches that I use to analyze the novel. The third is data collection. It deals with the sources that I use in analyzing the study. The fourth is procedures. It deals with the steps in completing the thesis.

3.1 Subject Matter

The subject matter here is a novel that I choose to be analyzed. It is entitled The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. This novel is about 489 pages and published by Anchor Books, a division of Random House, Inc New York in year 2003. This novel originally written in English and was translated into 44 different languages.

This novel tells a story about Robert Langdon, a writer and also lecturer. When he came to Paris, he was accused as the murdered to Jacques Sauniere. Jacques Sauniere wrote a mesage which led Sophie and Langdon to find a series of riddles and anagrams. Here the secret behind the work of Leonardo Da Vinci came up. Leonardo Da Vinci has purpose in making the painting such as Monalisa, Madonna of The Rock, The Last Supper. In the end of the story, they find Sophie’s long lost grandmother and brother.

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3.2 Approach

This study uses the psychological approach. It discusses human motivation, personality and behavior patterns of a person in literary work that built his or her characters. The psychological approach supported the writer to reveal the Jacques Sauniere’s motivation in leaving a message before he died. It could be realized, since as proposed by Rohrberger and Woods, the psychological approach involves various theories of psychology to explain the character’s personality in a story. Each character’s behavior could be referred to a psychology of human being.

3.3 Procedures

It is a library study; therefore I did the primary and secondary source. I use Dan Brown novel entitled The Da Vinci Code as the primary source.

The secondary sources of my study are the materials that support the evidence for the problem formulation study. They are dictionaries, encyclopedias, text books, some newspaper and magazines articles both from the library and the internet.

My first procedure of this study was deciding the topic. It was begun with excitement of studying motivation. After that I had to find the ideal literary media that could be best to describe my topic.

It is a must to understand the topic before, during and after the study, therefore, I would not get lost in the comprehension more books, e-books and the articles that support both again from the library and the internet simply can help it.

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It is also important to read the novel carefully and over again. I also underlined some important lines to me and wrote some notes on the novel that would help me in the analyzing.

After the analyzing is completed, I create a teaching learning sets design that associated to the topic using the novel as implementation of teaching English skills.

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

To answer the problems stated in the first chapter, I first would like to examine the character of Jacques Sauniere and Sophie Neveu. Then I would like to discuss Jacques Saunire’s motivation for writing his last message.

4.1The Character of Jacques Sauniere

According to Henkle (1977: 97) the characters are divided into major characters and minor characters. In this novel, Jacques Sauniere is the minor character. His presence is only Sophie’s side of the experience. Though he is a minor character, his influence is important in this novel.

Jacques Sauniere is seventy six years old man. He is the guard of Louvre Museum in Paris, where there are some art of Leonardo Da Vinci. He is a Frenchman. He is a member of Priory Sion. As a member of Priory Sion, he worships goddess. A Priory Sion is a secret community which worshiping to goddess. This community also believes that Jesus and Mary Magdalene were married.

Jacques Sauniere was considered the premiere goddess iconographer on earth. Not only did Sauniere have a personal passion for relics relating to fertility, goddess cults, Wicca, and the sacred feminine, but during his twenty-year tenure as curator, Sauniere had helped the Louvre amass the largest collection of goddess art on earth-labrys axes from the priestesses’ oldest Greek shrine in Delphi, gold caducei wands, hundreds of Tjet ankhs resembling small standing angel, sistrum rattles used in ancient Egypt to dispel evil spirit, and an astonishing array of statues depicting Horus being nursed by the goddess Isis. (25)

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In his last time, Sauniere still considered to make a message. He made a decision to pose like The Virvituan Man. He also wrote a message 13-3-2 21-1-1-8-5 O, Draconian Devil! Oh, lame saint! P.S find Robert Langdon. This message leads to sequence riddles that make Sophie had to begin her adventure. She has to find out what her grandfather wanted her to do. Although he is an old man, he is still strong enough. His eagerness made him strong and before he reached what he wanted.

“Mr. Sauniere suffered a bullet wound to his stomach. He died very slowly. Perhaps over fifteen or twenty minutes. He was obviously a man of great personal strength.” (37)

4.1.1 Tough

Sauniere is a tough person. He would not give up easily. During ten years bad relationship with his granddaughter, he always tried to reach her. He always sent Sophie letters, cards, even phoned her, but Sophie always ignored him. Her grandfather tried desperately to reach her. Sending cards and letters, begging Sophie to meet him so he could explain. (81)

Incredibly, Sauniere had never given up on her, and Sophie now possessed a decade’s worth of correspondence unopened in a dresser drawer. To her grandfather’s credit, he had never once disobeyed her request and phoned her.

“Sophie?” his voice had sounded startlingly old on her answering machine. “I have abided by your wishes for so long…and it pains me to call, but I must speak to you. Something terrible has happened.” (82) When someone hurts other’s feeling, it will difficult to forgive. The only way is explaining everything and ask for apology. There is something that Jacques Sauniere wanted to talk to her. That is the reason he always tried to reach her. He

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wished that someday he could talk to Sophie. He wished he could explain everything and make their relationship well.

4.1.2 Loving

Jacques Sauniere is a loving person. He loves Sophie much. When Sophie was on her ninth birthday, she tried to find her birthday present. Unintended, she found a necklace with a key in it. She was wandering whether the necklace was for her or not. When her grandfather caught her, he asked Sophie to return it. Sophie thought that she would not receive a birthday present after what she had done. “I know, sweetie. You’re forgiven. I can’t possibly stay mad at you. Grandfather and granddaughters always forgive each other.” (120)

Jacques Sauniere loves his granddaughter that is why he did not give punishment or shout to Sophie. He had his own way in treating his granddaughter. After what Sophie had done, she still received a birthday present from her granddaughter.

4.1.3 Melancholic

Though Jacques Sauniere is a tough person, he is a melancholic man. This happened when Sophie and he went to Scotland and when they were going back to Paris. Jacques sauniere felt so sad. There is something that made him hard to leave that place.

“Why are you crying, Grand-pere?

He picked her up and held her close. “oh Sophie, you and I have said goodbye to a lot of people this year. It’s hard.”

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“To a dear friend whom i love very much,” he replied, his voice heavy with emotion. “And I fear I will not see her again for a very long time.” (471-472)

Leaving someone that we love is hard to do. It also happens to Jacques Sauniere. He felt sad when having separated with someone he loves.

4.2 The Character of Sophie Neveu

Sophie Neveu is one of the main characters in the novel. Neveu has studied cryptography in England at Royal Holloway and she works as a cryptographer at Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire in Paris, which is the national authority of the criminal division of the French National Police.

Sophie Neveu was one of DCPJ’s biggest mistakes. A young Parisian dechiffreuse who had studied cryptography in England at the Royal Holloway, Sophie Neveu had been foisted on Fache two years ago as part of the ministry’s attempt to incorporate more women into the police force. (55)

Though Sophie Neveu is a woman, she can enter and work as cryptographer for Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire in Paris. Her existence does not get much appreciation to her superior, Bezu Fache. They think that letting the woman work in police is that kind of work is especially threatening for some of the men. They think that women will disturb their work. That is why the captain of the Cenatral Directorate Judicial Police, Bezu Fache, is not impressed by her and he is of the opinion that women do not belong in the police force.

“Women not only lacked the physicality necessary for the police work, but their mere presence posed a dangerous distraction to the men in the field.” (55)

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He is afraid that because Neveu is an attractive woman, she would draw away the police men’s attention from their work. He also thinks that she as a woman should have nothing to do with the police force, since women are not as strong as men, but that could be considered a pretext, since Neveu is a cryptographer, and that does not acquire any physical strength. It is not only Fache who is annoyed with a female co-worker. There are also cryptographers, who do not want to work with her, and it is not her looks that concern them, it is her great knowledge of symbology and her ability to show it.

4.2.1 Beautiful

According to Murphy, a character can be recognized by his/her physical appearance. In this novel Sophie Neveu is described as a beautiful simple and elegant woman. It can be seen from her appearance.

Unlike the waifish, cookie-cutter blondes that adorned Harvard dorm room walls, this woman was healthy with an unembellished beauty and genuiness that radiated a striking personal confidence. (56)

She was moving down the corridor toward them with long, fluid stides… a haunting certainty. Dressed casually in a knee-length, cream color Irish sweater over black leggings, she was attractive and looked to be about thirty. Her thick burgundy hair fell unstyled to her shoulders, framing the warmth of her face. (55)

The way she dressed described that she is a simple but elegant woman. She does not waste her time to make up herself. Dressing casually but still in elegant looking. Though she is thirty, she still looks pretty.

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4.2.2 Stuborn

Sophie‘s relationship with her grandfather, Jacques Sauniere was not good since her coming home for holiday when she was studying in university. To her surprised, she found that her grandfather was having a ritual sex. She went away and left her grandfather.

Sophie never responded except once-to forbid him ever to call her or try to meet her in public. She was afraid his explanation would be more terrifying than the incident itself. (81)

It seems that she cannot forgive her grandfather. She did not want to hear any explanation from her grandfather. For ten years, they were having bad relationship. Her grandfather always sent her cards, letters, even reach her on the phone but she ignored him. She did not want to talk to him or hear any explanation.

4.2.3 Smart

As stated above that she works for Paris Judicial Police. Her ability makes her senior above her. She brings the new methodology of cryptography to solve the cases in Paris police department.

At thirty-two years old, she had a dogged determination that bordered on obstinate. Her eager espousal of Britain’s new cryptologic methodology continually exasperated the veteran French cryptographers above her. (55)

As a woman she is not expected to know much, especially not more than men, therefore she becomes a threat to them, and therefore they dislike her. It is

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not her personal qualities that disturb them but it is the fact that she is a woman, and because of that not supposed to be so prominent.

When Sophie knows that her grandfather, Jacques Sauniere was murdered, and the police were accused Langdon, she makes a quick decision how to get Langdon out, so that he would not be in jail because she knows that Langdon was not guilty. She tells Langdon that he got a message from the U.S embassy. When Langdon calls the number given by Sophie, he is surprised. The voice on the phone is Sophie’s voice which was recorded. Sophie gives some directions.

And yet the more he listened, the more he sensed Sophie Neveu was speaking in earnest. Do not react to this message. Just listen calmly. You are in danger right now. Follow my directions very closely. Filled with uncertainty, Langdon had decided to do exactly as Sophie advised. (71)

If we know new people, we will not believe to him/her easily in short time. It will take time to have someone’s trust. With her ability, Sophie could gain Langdon’s trust in short time. Sophie can ensure Langdon as if as Langdon had no choice, except follow her though they never met each other.

If the smartest thing you could do. If you let Fache take you into custody now, you’ll spend weeks in a French jail while DCPJ and the U.S Embassy fight over which courts try your case. But if we get you out of here, and make it to your embassy, then your government will protect your rights while you and I prove you had nothing to do with this murder.” (85)

Langdon has no choices except follow her. He does not want to be in jail because he is not guilty. It is possible for someone to trust someone else in short time easily. In this case Sophie can ensure Langdon that she can help him.

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4.2.4 Curious

Since Sophie still kids, her curiosity was in her. She likes to play puzzle. Her grandfather always gave the birthday present or Christmas present indirectly. Sophie had to break the several codes, riddles or treasure hunt to get her present.

It was the day before her ninth birthday. She was secretly combing the house, searching for hidden birthday presents. Even then, she could not bear secrets kept from her. (117)

Her curiosity makes Sophie always wandering. When something is on her mind, she would find the answer by herself. She does not like secret. She would never give up until she finds the answer that makes her satisfied.

4.3 Jacques Sauniere’s Motivation for Writing His Last Message

Most people in the world, whether they realized or not live in an organize way. They manage their daily activities. They know when they have to go to work or to school, to go with friends, to visit relatives, to have a vacation, or just to enjoy the day with the person they love. Everything goes like they want and they do not have to worry about it. But what if something unexpected happens? Most people do not prepare themselves for the unexpected things. They are happy with what they are and what they have. So, when something unexpected happens, they do not know what to do.

The same condition also happens in a family. Jacques Sauniere is left by his granddaughter, Sophie Neveu. It is the hard thing he faced, since Sophie Neveu is his beloved granddaughter. Sophie live with him since Sophie’s parents

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got an accident when she was still kid. Until his last times, he tried to call Sophie. There is something he wanted to talk.

“We had a falling – out ten years ago,” Sophie said, her voice a whisper now. “We’ve barely spoken since. Tonight when Crypto got the call that he had been murdered, and I saw the images of his body and text on the floor, I realized he was trying to send me a message.” (76)

Because his effort is not success, in his last minutes he tried to attract Sophie. He posed as The Virvituan Man one of Leonardo da Vinci famous painting. The Virvituan Man is Sophie favorite painting. Jacques Sauniere hopes that by posed like that in his death, Sophie will come. “The Virvituan Man,” she said flatly. “That particular sketch has always been my favorite Da Vinci work. Tonight he used it to catch my attention.” (76)

Saunire looked remarkably fit for a man of his years… and all of his musculature was in plain view. He had stripped off every shred of clothing, placed it neatly on the floor, and lain down on his back in the center of the wide corridor, perfectly aligned with the long axis of the room. His arms and legs were sprawled outward in a wide spread eagle, like those of a child making a snow angel… or, perhaps more appropriately, like a man being drawn and quartered by some invisible force. (38)

As stated in chapter 2 that people’s behavior in influenced by certain motives. These motives lead them to behave in their manner to get some achievement. Motivation seems to provide the “why” behavior. To discover why Jacques Sauniere leaves a message before he died, the theory of motivation especially Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is utilized.

According to Maslow, there are five basic needs in the hierarchy of needs. There are psychological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, esteem

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needs, and self actualization needs. Maslow argues that usually the lowest need on the hierarchy being satisfied. (Globe 38-43)

4.3.1 Fulfilling Sophie’s Safety Needs

Leaving the message “P.S find Robert Langdon” Jacques Sauniere wanted Sophie to find Robert Langdon so that she would not be alone. As the granddaughter of the Priory Sion’s grandmaster, Sophie is always in danger. member of Priory Sion, Jacques Sauniere is one of the Grandmasters of Priory Sion. He thinks that it is the right time to him to tell the truth to Sophie. He loves Sophie very much. He does not want something happen to her. Jacques Sauniere wanted to make his relationship well.

“You cannot be mad forever. Have you not read the letters that I’ve sent all these years? Do you not yet understand? He paused. “We must speak at once. Please grant your grandfather this one wish. Call me at the Louvre. Right away. I believe you and I are in danger.” (82)

As the member of Priory Sion, he is always in danger. He can be killed anytime, so does with Sophie. After their relationship is bad for ten years, Sauniere wanted to explain and tell the truth. Sophie does not know that her grandfather is one of the members of Priory Sion.

4.3.2 Fulfilling Sophie’s Belongingness and Love Needs

Jacques Sauniere felt that he does not longer live anymore. In her last time, Jacques Sauniere did not want Sophie live alone. Through the message he left, it

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leads to several riddles that finally leads Sophie find her grandmother and her brother. Sophie thinks that she has no more family since her grandfather death.

“Princess…” her grandfather’s voice cracked with an emotion Sophie could not place. “I know I’ve kept things from you, and I know it has cost me your love. But it was for your own safety. Now you must know the truth. Please, I must tell you the truth about your family.” (82)

Sophie suddenly could hear her own heart. My family? Sophie’s parents had died when she was only four. Their car went of the bridge into fast moving water. Her grandmother and her brother also in been in the car and Sophie’s entire family had been erased in an instant. She had a box of newspaper clippings to confirm it. (82)

The only family she has is her grandfather. Jacques Sauniere thought when someday he passed away, Sophie will be alone. Being lonely is uninteresting thing. That is why through the sequence messages, Jacques Sauniere wanted Sophie to meet her grandmother. Having family, she would get affection and feel belonging. Her grandmother loves her. She was worried about her when she heard that Jacques Sauniere passed away, but she was happy that Sophie is safe.

Marie came over and stood beside him. “Mr. Langdon, when I first heard of Jacques Sauniere’s murder. I was terrified for Sophie’s safety. Seeing her standing in my doorway tonight was the greatest relief of my life. (476)

Though Jacques Sauniere passed away, Sophie can get affection from her family. That is from her grandmother and her brother. What Jacques Sauniere wanted is done.

Leaving by people that we love will make us sad. That also happens to Sophie. After her grandfather’s death, she felt that she would be alone in this world. As far as Sophie knew, her family was only Sauniere.

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Sophie could not imagine that only yesterday she had felt so alone in the world. And now, some how, in this foreign place, in the company of three people she barely knew, she felt at last that she was home. (475)

Having a family is important needs. If we do not know who is our family, we will lack of affection, love, and attention. Here Sophie finds her family and she gets love from her grandmother and her brother. Jacques Sauniere wants to fulfill Sophie’s needs of love, especially love from her family.

4.3.3 Fulfilling Sophie’s Self Esteem Needs

In this novel, Sophie only knows that her only family is her grandfather, Jacques Sauniere. Her parents passed away in a car accident when she was in four years old. Since that time, she was living with her grandfather. In the end of the story, when Sophie met her grandmother, she told Sophie what had happened.

In the story Marie Chauvel, Sophie grandmother told that the night before Sophie’s parents got an accident, they planned to take a vacation. Fortunately, they changed the plan. Sophie’s parents went without their children. When they got the accident, Jacques Sauniere told the police that Sophie’s grandmother and brother are also is the car. Later on, they are underground with the Priory, while Sophie and Sauniere stay in Paris. It is hard being separated from the family. Jacques and Marie only met infrequently

Sophie now understands why Sauniere wanted her to meet her grandmother, and she has to break sequence riddles set by him.

Incredibly, both had been from Merovingian families-direct descendants of Mary Magdalene and Jesus Christ. Sophie’s parents and ancestors for protection, had changed their names of Plantard and Saint Clair. Their children represented the most direct surviving royal bloodline and therefore

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were carefully guarded by the Priory. When Sophie’s parents were killed in a car accident whose cause could not be determined, the Priory feared the identity of the royal line had been discovered. (476)

Jacques Sauniere’s motivation is to fulfill Sophie self esteem needs. We will be proud if we know who we are; where we are from, who are our parents, moreover if we come from unordinary people, like Sophie.

“Sophie....” her grandfather said on the machine. “I have been waiting for years to tell you. Waiting for the right moment, but now time has run out. Call me at the Louvre. As may be in danger. There's so much you need to know.” (83)

On the other hand, Jacques Sauniere actually wants to fill his needs. Leaving by her grandaughter makes him feel alone. He wants to repair the ten year bad relationship with his grandaughter. By telling the truth, he wishes Sophie could understand and make his relationship well.

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41 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION

This last chapter serves as the closures of the whole study. It includes the conclusion and suggestion. The conclusion concerns with the answer of the formulated problems. The suggestion concerns the implementation of literary work in language teaching.

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the discussion in previous chapter, this study concludes that: first Jacques Sauniere is an old loving French man. He is a tough person who never give up easily. On the other hand, he is a melancholic.

In the meantime, Sophie Neveu is a middle age woman. She works for DCPJ (Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire) in Paris. She is beautiful, smart, and curious. On the other side, she is stubborn.

The last conclusion deals with the Jacques Sauniere’s motivation for writing his last message. In this study we can see that Jacques Sauniere wants to fulfill Sophie’s safety needs, belonging and love needs, and self esteem needs.

Those three needs are actually Jaques Sauniere's needs. By giving those three needs Jacques Sauniere's hopes that he could repair his ten year bad relationship with Sophie.

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5.2 Suggestion

5.2.1 For the future researchers

Analyzing novel is an interesting thing. We can freely see the author’s work from varies different point of view. We can have so many interpretations considering with how the story was told. We have seen someone’s motivation for writing his last message.

In this study, I chose to analyze Jacques Sauniere’s motivation for writing his last message. The result is Jacques Sauniere wants to fill her granddaughter needs, they are; safety needs, belongingness and love needs, and self esteem needs. In fact, those three needs are actually Jacques Sauniere’s needs.

For the future researcher, I might be able to give some ideas of interpreting The Da Vinci Code. The future researchers can analyze the centrality of human relationships, especially male-female relationships.

5.2.2 For the Teachers

I choose the writing for the implementation of literary work, in this case The Da Vinci Code in teaching English. A novel can be a rich resource of inspiration for the teachers to use in the teaching learning process. Novel offers potential benefits of a high order for English as a second or foreign language. All aspects in the novel can be used in teaching English. Language, literature, and culture are closely related to each other. More important, when students read novel in English they are exposed to the language, the authentic English language.

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We can use the literary work, in this matter The Da Vinci Code. By reading the novels, we can learn English in a more fun way.

5.2.2.1The Implementation of The Da Vinci Code in Teaching Writing

In this study I will focus on writing composition. This teaching learning activities is dedicated for the students at advanced level. We can use The Da Vinci Code in teaching writing based on four kinds of composition. There are: explanation and analysis, argument, description and summary, and narrative. The teacher can pick one model of The Da Vinci Code. Then, the teacher distributes the model to the students and asks them to read. After that, the teacher can ask the students to write a narrative composition similar to the example given base on the teacher’s instruction. Here is the procedure of how to conduct it in teaching writing:

1. The teacher selects a passage from The Da Vinci Code according to a certain type of composition. The selection of the passage must consider with the vocabularies, sentence structure, punctuation, content organization, development of ideas and type of composition.

2. The teacher distributes the passage to the students. 3. The teacher asks the students to read the passage. 4. The teacher and the students discuss the difficult words.

5. The teacher gives brief explanation of the type of the composition of the passage.

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6. The teacher asks the students to write based on certain topic selected by the teacher.

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REFERENCES

Abrams, M. H. Glossary of Literary Terms. 6th

Brown, Dan. The Da Vinci Code. New York: Anchor Books. A Division of Random House, Inc. 2003.

ed. Forth Worth: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc. 1993.

Goble, Frank G. The third Force: The Psychology of Human Behavior. New York: Pocket Book. 1971.

Guralnik, David B. New Webster’s New World Dictionary. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH. 1975.

Hornby, A. S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Fourth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1994.

Kalish, Richard A. The Psychology of Human Behavior. 3rd

Maslow, Abraham H. The Farther Reaches Human of Human Nature. Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd. 1976.

ed. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. 1973.

Montagu, Ashley. The Natural Superiority of Women. New York. McMillan. 1953.

Murphy, M. J. Understanding Unseen. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 1972.

Petri, Herbert L. Motivation: Theory and Research. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Inc. 1981.

Rohrberger, Mary and Samuel H. Woods, Jr. Reading and Writing about Literature. New York: Random House Inc. 1971

Stanton, Robert. An Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc. 1964.

Van De Laar, E. and Schoonwoerd. An Approach to English Literature. (s.l): L.C.G. Malmberg. 1957.

Worchel, Stephen, and Joel Cooper. Understanding Social Psychology. New York: The Dorsey Press. 1979

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Online Sources

Collin Hansen. 2008. Breaking The Da Vinci Code. August 2008. (http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/news/2003/nov7.html, accessed on May 2, 2010).

Darrell L. Bock, Ph.D. 2006. Christian Analysis of Da Vinci Code: What Dan Brown Did Not Tell You - Three Major Errors Plus a Few More. September 2006. (http://www.thetruthaboutdavinci.com/christian-analysis-of-da-vinci-code.html, accessed on May 10, 2010).

Lenny Esposito. 2006. Why True Beliefs Make a Difference. June 2006. (http://www.thetruthaboutdavinci.com/why-true-beliefs-make-a difference. html, accessed on

Pdt. Juswantori Ichwan, M.Th. 2006. The Da Vinci Code. August 2006. (

May 2, 2010).

http://www.gki.or.id/content/doc.php?doctype=N&id=22, accessed on May 5, 2010).

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47 Appendix 1

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48 Appendix 2

SUMMARY OF THE DA VINCI CODE

The story starts off with the murder of Jacques Saunière (the Grand Master Of Priory of Sion, although virtually no one knows that at the time) by Silas (acting on behalf of someone known only as The Teacher) to extract the location of the "keystone", an item that leads to the Holy Grail. The police summon Robert Langdon, who is delivering a lecture in Paris, to the murder scene and ask for his help in deciphering the code Sauniere left on and near his body. Bezu Fache, the Captain of the Central Directorate Judicial Police, believes Langdon is the prime suspect in the murder.

Sophie Neveu shows up at the murder scene as a police cryptographer and quickly gains Langdon's trust. Jacques Saunière was Neveu's grandfather and they were very close to each other until she discovered him participating in a pagan sex ritual (Hieros Gamos) at his home in Normandy, when she made a surprise visit there during a break from boarding school. (That she had observed something is mentioned and hinted at several times throughout the story, but what it is that she saw is revealed to no one, including the reader, until near the end when she tells Robert).

Langdon and Neveu find a baffling cipher near Saunière's body. These clues were meant to lead to a second set of clues. By deciphering her grandfather's clues, Neveu finds the painting, which has a key hidden behind it with an address and symbols of the Priory of Sion were written on it. Working together, Langdon and Neveu trick the police, flee the scene and figure out the secret of the key. The key opens a safe deposit box at the Paris branch of the Depository Bank of Zurich. Saunière's account number at the bank is a 10-digit number listing the digits of the first eight Fibonacci numbers: 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21.

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62 Appendix 5

Lesson Plan for Teaching Writing

Subject / Skill : English / Writing Time Allocation : 2 x 45 menit

Grade : XII Senior High School

I. Standard Competence

Identify the meaning in the narrative texts. II. Based Competence

Identify the meaning in the written texts formal and informal using the written text accurately, fluently and received in a contexts.

III. Indicator

1. Using the grammar, vocabularies, marks, and spelling accurately. 2. Writing the main idea.

3. Making draft, and revision.

4. Identify the main idea in narrative texts. IV. Learning Activities

- Discussion

- Question and Answer

Before entering the class, the teacher selects a chapter from The Da Vinci Code which represents a narrative text and copies it before entering the class.

No Kind of Activity Activities Time

Allocation 1 Pre-Teaching - Greeting

- The teacher explains what they will study.

5’ 2 Teaching -

Learning

- The teacher gives some guided questions.

- The teacher explains about the narrative texts.

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- The teacher gives the copy of the text.

- The students take the text. - The teacher asks the student to

read the text in silence and underline the difficult words. - The students read it in silence.

While reading they underline the difficult words which they do not understand.

- After the students finish their reading, they ask the difficult words to the teacher.

- The teacher answers and explains the difficult words.

- The teacher gives a brief

explanation about the structure of narrative texts. (brainstorming) - The teacher asks the students if

there are any questions related to narrative writing.

- The students do the task.

15’ 10’

10’

35’

3 Post Teaching - After finishing the writing, the students submit their works

5’

V. Teaching Media

- Copy of the chapter 12 , taken from The Da Vinci Code - Answer sheets

- Blackboard - Chalks - Dictionary I. EVALUATION

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Pre-Discussion Question Topic : Confusion

1. Have you ever been in a confusing condition? 2. How did you make yourself out of the situation?

Read the passage carefully, and answer the questions below!

1. How does Robert Langdon find himself in a confusing condition?

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

2. How does Robert Langdon face his confusion?

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

3. How does Robert Langdon solve his confusion?

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

Individual Task

Make a short writing about your experience in a confusing situation! This guideline may help you.

- How did the confusion appear? - How did you face your confusion? - How did you solve your confusion?

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Jacques Sauniere`s motivation for writing his last message as seen in Dan Brown`s The Da Vinci Code.

To live is to change,

and to be perfect is

how to have changed

often

This thesis is dedicated to

My Parents

and I

To live is to change,

and to be perfect is

how to have changed

often

This thesis is dedicated to

My Parents

and I

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Dukungan

Links

Jacques Sauniere`s motivation for writing his last message as seen in Dan Brown`s The Da Vinci Code.

To live is to change,

and to be perfect is

how to have changed

often

This thesis is dedicated to

My Parents

and I

To live is to change,

and to be perfect is

how to have changed

often

This thesis is dedicated to

My Parents

and I

Parts

Dokumen yang terkait

THE IMPLICATURE IN DAN BROWN’S NOVEL THE DA VINCI CODE

SACRED FEMININE SYMBOL DESCRIBED IN DAN BROWN`S "THE DA VINCI CODE".

PERSISTENCE REFLECTED IN DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI CODE Persistence Reflected In Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code Novel (2003): A Psychoanalytic Approach.

BETWEEN FACT AND FICTION IN DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI Between Fact And Fiction In Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code (2003) : Reader Response Analysis.

BETWEEN FACT AND FICTION IN DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI Between Fact And Fiction In Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code (2003) : Reader Response Analysis.

ARCHETYPAL IMAGES AND SYMBOLS IN DAN BROWN'S "THE DA VINCI CODE".

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Jacques Sauniere`s motivation for writing his last message as seen in Dan Brown`s The Da Vinci Code

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MINOR CHARACTERS IN DEVELOPING THE PLOT AS SEEN IN DAN BROWN’S DA VINCI CODE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

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