Data from the Students’ Papers

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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the researcher presents two part of the research namely the data and the analysis of the data. The data presented here were the result of the questionnaire and the list of citing problems found in the studen ts’ work. Discussion includes the analysis of the questionnaire and the students’ work.

A. Data Presentation

In the data presentation, all findings from the document analysis and the questionnaire are exposed in the forms of points and tables. The analysis follows in the data analysis part.

1. Data from the Students’ Papers

The students’ papers were used to see the application of how students wrote quotation and whether they had followed the standard in citation. Five papers were taken from each class as the example. There were 15 papers to represent three classes. The papers were submitted as the second progress test in Academic Essay Writing class. The theme of the essay is problem and solution. After having permission from the lecturers, the researcher copied the papers and the original ones were returned to the lecturers. In analyzing the papers, the first step to do was checking the in-text citation and the format of reference s in the students’ papers. This step was done first because it only required matching the format that the students had with the format in the APA Style Manual as well as the PBI Thesis guidelines. Then, the incorrect formats were noted down. The next step was checking the papers one by one to see the students’ application of citing. The citations in the paragraph were matched with the references to see if they corresponded. Then, the researcher checked the citation which accompanied indirect quotation. This step was done to see whether the paraphrases were really the students’. It involved a long process because the researcher had to check all the available sources to match it with the students’ writing. The process of finding all available sources were also used to see whether the students had done copying and pasting or in other words, plagiarizing. The problems that appeared in most papers were noted down and collected. In collecting the problems in writing quotation, the researcher used a table to check and compare all fifteen papers. Below is the table of student s’ problems in citing. Table 4.1 . Summary of students’ problems in citing sources Problems in citing sources Papers no. Total Incorrect format of in-text citations 1,2,5,6,9,11,13 7 Incorrect format of references 1,2,3,4,6,9,10,13,14,15 10 Overuse of direct quotation 2,11 2 Lack correspondence between in-text citations and 5,7,8,9,10,11,12 7 references Case of plagiarism 1,7,9,12 4 Later, each problem will be explained deeper in the data analysis. Examples of student problem will also be provided.

2. Data from the Questionnaire