1. Lecturers This research provides information for lecturers in teaching writing,
especially in academic writing. It is important to introduce the concept of plagiarism as early as possible so that students take it seriously and be more
careful on composing a piece of writing. There are various styles of documentation with different formats that the students must master, not to
mention the paraphrasing skill needed for writing indirect quotations. Lecturers can find numerous ways of teaching how to quote properly with more creative
techniques in order to help students understand it deeply. 2. Students
This research hopefully can broaden students‟ knowledge about plagiarism
and how to avoid it which is by quoting properly. They can also learn from the common problems that are described in this research so that they can find better
strategies in learning to cite for better performance in writing an academic essay.
F. Definition of terms
The following terms are specifically used in this research. They are described furtherly in order not to be confused with other terms:
1. Citation means the partial reference in the main body of the
assignment which consists of the last name of the author and the year when the work is published Neville, 2010, p.49. However, the meaning of verb
„to cite‟ and
„to quote‟ is often misinterpreted. It is true that according to dictionaries, „to cite
‟ and „to quote‟ deliver the same meaning i.e. “to speak or write or to repeat
the exact words from a book, an author, etc.” and so does the noun „citation‟ and „quotation‟. Nevertheless, authors whose books and articles discuss about
documenting sources in specific explain that those two words have different meaning. Harvey 1998 in his book Writing with Sources: A Guide for Student
define citing as “making notation or signal in your paper that refers your reader to a place where you give full publication data about the s
ource” p.14. On the other hand,
quoting refers to “using exact words, phrases, and sentences from a source” www.lib.usm.edulegacyplagquoting.php
. That understanding also defines quotation as “record of the exact language used by someone in speech or writing”
Behrens Rosen, 1988.
2. Academic Writing is defined as writing or composition that is learned
by students in the academic community or in this case, college and university as higher level education Fulwiler, 1988. There are „ground rules‟ as the guidelines
in making an acceptable academic writing. These rules are “shaped by the
functional requirements and social conventions of academic communities”
Mercer Swann, 1996.
3. Academic Essay Writing, under the umbrella term of academic
writing, is one of the compulsory subject in the ELESP. It is offered for students of semester five. This course is designed to introduce students to the underlying
principles of academic writing. It is projected to help students to be able to analyze the characteristics of academic essay and to write good academic essay
PBI Academic Guidelines, 2011. The topics of essay discussed in this course are argumentative essay, comparison and contrast, problem and solution, and book or
article review. The essay that the students write is a paper of about five hundred words that consists of introductory paragraph, supporting paragraph, and a
concluding paragraph Langan, 2011.
8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
