Evaluasi ekonomi pengolahan konservasi di New South Wales: Suatu Pendekatan Program Dinamis
MimbarSosekNo.6, Desember1992: 52 -73
AN ECONOMIC EVALUATIONOF CONSERVATIONTILI,AGE
TNNORTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES : A DYNAMIC
PROGRAMMINGAPPROACH
Evaluasi Ekonomi Pengolahan Konsarvasidi New south wales :
Suatu Pendekatan Prcgrunt Dinamis
2)
YusMnNsvnurall), SusHILPnNtltlYnNDJol{NA' stNoeN
ABSTRAK
tingkatpetani
S t u d i i n i m c n g a n a l i s i sh u b u n g a na n t a r ae r o s it a n a hd c n g a np r o d u k t i v i t a st a n a m a np a d a
t
a
n
a
m
a nd a n s i s t e m
r
o
t
a
s
i
s
i
s
t
e
m
t
a
n
a
h
,
c
r
o
s
i
p
e
n
g
a
r
u
h
m
e
l
i
h
a
t
u
n
t
u
k
a
d
a
l
a
h
u
t
a
m
a
n
y
a
individual.'l'ujuan
p c n g o l a h a nl a n a h t c r h a d a p[ u n g s it u j u a n p e t a n i .
A n a l i s i s m c n c a k u p l i m a j e n i s t u n u r i n . t i g a s i s t e m p en g ' l a h a n t a n a h , d a n d u a s i s t e m. p e n g o l a h a n
Programdinamis
k o n s c r v a s i .K c t l g a h a l t e r s c b u t k e m u d i a nd i k o m b i n a s i k a nm c n j a t - ltii g a s i s t e ma n a l i s i s '
variobcl dan
ftdle
satu
memperhatikan
Program
tersel)ut.
tligtrnakan untuk menganalisispermasalahan
n r c l i b a t k a n1 . 5v a r i a b e lk e p u t u s a n .
walaupun
Ilasrl analisis menunjukkan bahwa tanaman pada sistcm pengolahan konvcnsional,
dengan
n t c n y c t r a b k a tni n g k a te r o s it c r t i n g g i ,t e t a p im e n g h a s i l k a n r l a if u n g s it u j u a n t e r t i n g g id i b a n d i n g k a n
mengubab
dengan
persen
l7-55
hingga
tlitekan
dua sisrcm konscrvasilainnya.Tingkat erosi kumulatifrjapat
lriaya
s i s t c m p c n g 0 l a h a n t a n a h d a r i k o n v e n s i < l n akl e k o n s c r v a s i .N a m u n , h a l t e r s e b u t m e n i m b u l k a n
tr
ngkat
uan.
Apabila
t
uj
fungsi
total
nilai
pc
dari
I rpporr u n i raskepadapetani yangbesamyaantara 1.3-2.4 rscn
p e r s e n .m a k a
p r , , . l r k r i d c n g a n k e d u a s i s t e m k o n s e r v a s it e r s e b u t m e n i n g k a t m a s i n g - m a s i n gs c b e s a r5
n i b a n d i n g k a nd e n g a ns i s t e mk o n v e n s i o n a l '
t a n a m a nd e n l l a ns r s t c mk o n s c r v a sai k a n l e b i h m e n g u n t u n g - k a d
INTRODUCTI()N
Thc cxtsnt of soil erosionis hy far thc most important problem in the northwest
ol Ncw StluthWales.lndeed, the Namoi Vallcy arca containsone of thc few significant
lcrtile soilsin Australia.Howcver,Junorel al. (19'79)reportedthat rapid
aroas()1'highly
erosiou oithis inrportantrcsourccis now occurringas a result of incroasedareas of
prcviouslygrasscdlands bcing brought into cultivationfor both winter and summer
cr()PS.
Thc cxtcnt of soil crosion in that area increasesdrastically from 194-5to 1984'
During t.hefrstl}-year period from 1945to 1967thc areaaffectedby erosion increased
by 8 pJr csnt, leavingabout 53 per cent of non-erodedland' However,from years 1967
r0 197-5and 1975to i984 the area not eroded fell to 31 and 15 per cent, respectively.
Indonesta.
Department of Social-Fronomic Sciences,Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor,
of
New England' ArUnivenity
Management,
and
Business
Economics
Agricultural
I)epartment of
m i d a l e ,A u s t r a l i a .
52
Mimbar Sosek No. 6, Desember 1992
il
Thus, soil erosion is now a far worse problem than it has everbeen. This may represent
a significant threat to the future agricultural production in the region.
Increased soil erosion implies lossesboth for the individual and for society.There
are 3 potential sourcesof lossesfor the individual farmer: (1) crop production may be
expectedto decline and consequentlyfarm profit, (2) production costsmay bc expected
to increase, and (3) the value of agricultural land can be expected to decline in
proportion to increasedland dcgradation(Baffoe et al. 1987).Land dcgradalionhas
been shown to influenccthc valuc of land in this area (King and Sindcn l9t{t3).Thc
market has clearly rccognisedland condition,with better- conservcdland sclling for
higher prices.
Crop productivity is a function of soil resourceendowment,and managemcnt
practices.The soil endowmcnl is relativelystable,while the practiccscan oftcn be
changed.Therefore,the farmer is faccd with the problem of choosingwhich managcmcnt practicesto use in
AN ECONOMIC EVALUATIONOF CONSERVATIONTILI,AGE
TNNORTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES : A DYNAMIC
PROGRAMMINGAPPROACH
Evaluasi Ekonomi Pengolahan Konsarvasidi New south wales :
Suatu Pendekatan Prcgrunt Dinamis
2)
YusMnNsvnurall), SusHILPnNtltlYnNDJol{NA' stNoeN
ABSTRAK
tingkatpetani
S t u d i i n i m c n g a n a l i s i sh u b u n g a na n t a r ae r o s it a n a hd c n g a np r o d u k t i v i t a st a n a m a np a d a
t
a
n
a
m
a nd a n s i s t e m
r
o
t
a
s
i
s
i
s
t
e
m
t
a
n
a
h
,
c
r
o
s
i
p
e
n
g
a
r
u
h
m
e
l
i
h
a
t
u
n
t
u
k
a
d
a
l
a
h
u
t
a
m
a
n
y
a
individual.'l'ujuan
p c n g o l a h a nl a n a h t c r h a d a p[ u n g s it u j u a n p e t a n i .
A n a l i s i s m c n c a k u p l i m a j e n i s t u n u r i n . t i g a s i s t e m p en g ' l a h a n t a n a h , d a n d u a s i s t e m. p e n g o l a h a n
Programdinamis
k o n s c r v a s i .K c t l g a h a l t e r s c b u t k e m u d i a nd i k o m b i n a s i k a nm c n j a t - ltii g a s i s t e ma n a l i s i s '
variobcl dan
ftdle
satu
memperhatikan
Program
tersel)ut.
tligtrnakan untuk menganalisispermasalahan
n r c l i b a t k a n1 . 5v a r i a b e lk e p u t u s a n .
walaupun
Ilasrl analisis menunjukkan bahwa tanaman pada sistcm pengolahan konvcnsional,
dengan
n t c n y c t r a b k a tni n g k a te r o s it c r t i n g g i ,t e t a p im e n g h a s i l k a n r l a if u n g s it u j u a n t e r t i n g g id i b a n d i n g k a n
mengubab
dengan
persen
l7-55
hingga
tlitekan
dua sisrcm konscrvasilainnya.Tingkat erosi kumulatifrjapat
lriaya
s i s t c m p c n g 0 l a h a n t a n a h d a r i k o n v e n s i < l n akl e k o n s c r v a s i .N a m u n , h a l t e r s e b u t m e n i m b u l k a n
tr
ngkat
uan.
Apabila
t
uj
fungsi
total
nilai
pc
dari
I rpporr u n i raskepadapetani yangbesamyaantara 1.3-2.4 rscn
p e r s e n .m a k a
p r , , . l r k r i d c n g a n k e d u a s i s t e m k o n s e r v a s it e r s e b u t m e n i n g k a t m a s i n g - m a s i n gs c b e s a r5
n i b a n d i n g k a nd e n g a ns i s t e mk o n v e n s i o n a l '
t a n a m a nd e n l l a ns r s t c mk o n s c r v a sai k a n l e b i h m e n g u n t u n g - k a d
INTRODUCTI()N
Thc cxtsnt of soil erosionis hy far thc most important problem in the northwest
ol Ncw StluthWales.lndeed, the Namoi Vallcy arca containsone of thc few significant
lcrtile soilsin Australia.Howcver,Junorel al. (19'79)reportedthat rapid
aroas()1'highly
erosiou oithis inrportantrcsourccis now occurringas a result of incroasedareas of
prcviouslygrasscdlands bcing brought into cultivationfor both winter and summer
cr()PS.
Thc cxtcnt of soil crosion in that area increasesdrastically from 194-5to 1984'
During t.hefrstl}-year period from 1945to 1967thc areaaffectedby erosion increased
by 8 pJr csnt, leavingabout 53 per cent of non-erodedland' However,from years 1967
r0 197-5and 1975to i984 the area not eroded fell to 31 and 15 per cent, respectively.
Indonesta.
Department of Social-Fronomic Sciences,Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor,
of
New England' ArUnivenity
Management,
and
Business
Economics
Agricultural
I)epartment of
m i d a l e ,A u s t r a l i a .
52
Mimbar Sosek No. 6, Desember 1992
il
Thus, soil erosion is now a far worse problem than it has everbeen. This may represent
a significant threat to the future agricultural production in the region.
Increased soil erosion implies lossesboth for the individual and for society.There
are 3 potential sourcesof lossesfor the individual farmer: (1) crop production may be
expectedto decline and consequentlyfarm profit, (2) production costsmay bc expected
to increase, and (3) the value of agricultural land can be expected to decline in
proportion to increasedland dcgradation(Baffoe et al. 1987).Land dcgradalionhas
been shown to influenccthc valuc of land in this area (King and Sindcn l9t{t3).Thc
market has clearly rccognisedland condition,with better- conservcdland sclling for
higher prices.
Crop productivity is a function of soil resourceendowment,and managemcnt
practices.The soil endowmcnl is relativelystable,while the practiccscan oftcn be
changed.Therefore,the farmer is faccd with the problem of choosingwhich managcmcnt practicesto use in