24
either is appeared by planning or not in the class during acting. Collecting the data needs observation or assessment format which is arranged to
accurate of performing scenario acting from time to time and the impact toward the process of teaching and learning activity in the class.
4. Reflecting Phase
Reflecting is the last phase of classroom action research. It is a step for processing the data which the researcher finds when acting
observation. It is necessary to hold evaluation for completing the next cycle. The data are interpreted and analyzed by the writer. She works
collaboratively with the English teacher. His participation in this phase is to help the researcher holds reflecting and evaluation accurately.
However, if the students have not reached the KKM, the writer will
continue to the next cycle with the same concepts which uses identical phases, they are; planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.
H. The Technique of Data Analysis
In this research, the writer analyzes two kinds of data which have been collected during the Classroom Action Research, there are: qualitative and
quantitative data. The qualitative data covers the observation of students‟ activities during teaching learning process, the interview before and after
Classroom Action Research and questionnaire. Besides, quantitative data is gained from the students‟ score of pretest, posttest1 and posttest2. It is used
to measure students‟ ability in understanding the material given and also to
know their improvement after learning the material by using the writer‟s
technique. To analyze this data, the writer uses formulas as follows: First, the writer calculate the average of stu
dents‟ score each actions wit one cycle. It is used to know whether the students can reach the KKM or
not. Here is the formula:
8
8
Sudjana, Metode Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67.
25
X : mean x : individual score
n : number of students Then, the writer tries to get the class percentage which passes the
minimal mastery level criterion KKM of that school which is 70 seventy. It
uses the formula:
9
P : the class percentage F : total percentage score
N : number of students The last, after getting the mean of students‟ score per actions, the
writer identifies whether the students get improvement score in understanding Conditional Sentence Type 2 from pre-test up to post-test in
cycle 1 and cycle 2. And to analyze it, he uses the formula:
10
9
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006, p. 43.
10
Ibid., p.46.
F P =
── X 100 N
y1 - y P =
─── X 100 y
_
∑x X =
── n
26
P : percentage of students‟ improvement y : pre-test result
y1 : post-test 1
P : percentage of students‟ improvement y : pre-test result
y2 : post-test 2
I. The Trustworthiness of Study
To analyze the examined test items, the writer implements the trustworthiness of the test; they are discriminating power and difficulty
items. It is aimed to identify the quality of test items which will be used in this research.
Besides, the writer also examines the tests which are used as the instrument of the study to get its validity. To analyze the examined test
items, the writer implements the trustworthiness of the test. It is used as the evidence of the truth of this research. Furthermore, there are some phases
including: 1
Discriminating Power The analysis of discriminating power of test items is to know the
performance of the test through distinguishing students who have high achievement and low achievement.
y2 - y P =
─── X 100 y
