A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUE OF TEACHING SPEAKING IN BILINGUAL CLASS TO THE GRADE XI AT MAN 3 MALANG
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the writer discusses the background of the study, statement of
the problems, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation,
and the definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
English becomes the most essential language in the world. Almost all people
from many different countries around the world use it to communicate. Learning
English as a foreign language is very important in Indonesia because English is the
first foreign language put in education curriculum. English has been taught to
Indonesian students since they are in the Elementary level. It is because of the
importance of English in any scope of their lives.
In the international relationship, English speaking ability is very important for
people to be able to participate in the wider world of work. According to Lawtie
(2005) speaking is fundamental to human communication. As we know that in
modern era, we are supposed to speak English well. That is the reason why, by
mastering speaking as well as our native language means that we master the world
also. This reality makes teachers and parents think that speaking ability should be
mastered by their students and children.
In learning speaking skill, the students often find some problems. The
problem frequently found is that their native language makes them difficult to use the
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practicing foreign language in the daily conversation. They are also too shy and afraid
to take part in the conversation. Many factors can cause the problems for the students
in learning speaking skills; such as the material, the media including the technique in
teaching English. According to Lindsay and Knight (2006, 68) speaking is a complex
process which involves constructing a message in a form that other people can
understand, and delivering the message using the correct pronunciation, stress, and
intonation.
Technique of teaching speaking is very useful to make the process of teaching
activity easier and more interesting. Teaching speaking is very important in foreign
language learning. Consequently teaching a foreign language is complex process (Ur
in Wahyurianto, 2009). The teacher must use good techniques in teaching to be able
to attract the students to be more active in speaking. Teaching speaking means to help
students know about the language and the most important is to know about how to
use the language communicatively in every context in their everyday life. The ability
to communicate in a foreign language clearly and efficiently contributes to the
success of the learner in school and success later of their life.
According to Brown (2000) technique is any of wide variety of exercise,
activities, or devices used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objectives.
Many techniques can be applied in teaching speaking because many research findings
say that this technique is effective to use in teaching speaking. Teaching speaking
will be more effective and efficient depends on the technique that are used by the
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the teacher. Every teacher must have a good technique when they teach speaking.
Those techniques must be acceptable and helpful for the students to understand.
However, it is necessary to present the empirical data about the importance of
technique speaking. A research conducted by Arief (2005) ” The teaching technique
in speaking class at Basic English course (BEC) Pare, Kediri” found some
techniques such as; games, role play, small group, and drill. From the four
techniques, small groups and drilling are the most frequently used. Another research
was investigated by Astuti (2005) “ An analysis of teaching technique and material
used in teaching and learning English for job preparation at NEC computer and language course Malang”. The result showed some techniques used were
presentation, discussion, simulation and role play. Based on the previous finding, the
writer concludes that techniques of teaching speaking are various.
Teachers and technique cannot be separated each other that both of them
affect the goal of teaching and learning in the class. In conclusion, the teacher must
create or chose appropriate techniques of teaching speaking which support the
learners to speak. The techniques should be suitable with students’ characteristics and
conditions that can be implemented in bilingual class too.
Recently, the government has new class program in school that is called
bilingual class. In bilingual class, both teacher and students should use one of the
languages of OECD country to communicate during the classroom activities and also
for the instruction in teaching learning process (Permendiknas. No: 78, 2009). It
means that, bilingual class is a class that has to use two languages in teaching
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languages, particularly English and Bahasa Indonesia in learning process. Nowadays
many schools in Indonesia conduct bilingual classes. One of the reasons is to face the
globalization era. It also happens in MAN 3 Malang. This school has bilingual class
in which the teacher and the students speak English and Bahasa Indonesia in teaching
learning process. Therefore, the teacher should have the appropriate technique for
teaching.
The writer chooses a bilingual class to be studied because bilingual class is
the newest education program in Indonesia as being explained before that this class
uses both English and Bahasa Indonesia to communicate in class. They use both
languages not only in English lesson but also in other subjects; such as biology,
mathematics, chemistry, or physics. So, the teacher should have the suitable
technique that can be implemented in bilingual class.
From the explanation, the writer is interested in finding out the techniques
adopted by the teacher in teaching speaking to the grade XI of bilingual class at MAN
3 Malang. This school is one of the favorite schools in Malang.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Based on the background of study above, the researcher wants to describe the
problem as follows:
1. What are the techniques used by the English teacher of bilingual class in teaching
speaking to the grade XI at MAN 3 Malang?
2. How does the English teacher apply the techniques of teaching speaking in
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3. What are the difficulties do the English teacher face in applying the techniques of
teaching speaking in bilingual class to the grade XI at MAN 3 Malang?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Related to statement of the problems stated previously, the purposes of this
study are:
1. To know what are the techniques used by the English teacher of bilingual class in
teaching speaking to the grade XI at MAN 3 Malang.
2. To describe how the English teacher applies those techniques of teaching speaking
in bilingual class to the grade XI at MAN 3 Malang.
3. To know what are the difficulties do the English teacher face in applying the
techniques of teaching speaking in bilingual class to the grade XI at MAN 3
Malang.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The writer hopes that the result of this study will be the input for English
teacher, especially for the teachers who teach bilingual class. Moreover, it also can
give some information about the technique of teaching speaking that can be adopted
by them in their teaching and learning process. For students this study can improve
their speaking skill by studying it with proper technique. Besides, for English
department students it can be used as a reference for them that will involve
techniques teaching speaking in their profession as teacher especially in bilingual
class.
Theoretically, this study is also expected to increase and enhance the
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results of this study are useful to give contribution to the development of speaking in
teaching learning theory for bilingual class.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this research is on the techniques of teaching speaking used by
the teacher of bilingual class at MAN 3 Malang. Related to the statement above, the
researcher limited the research on the grade XI students of bilingual class.
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms
1. Technique is any of a wide variety of exercises, activities, or tasks used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objective (Brown, 2000).
2. Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing
to know or understand (Brown, 2000:7).
3. Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use verbal and nonverbal symbols, in a variety of contexts (Chaney in Kayi 2006).
4. Bilingual class: is the class designed by using one of languages of OECD country to communicate during the classroom activities and also for the instruction in
teaching learning process (Permendiknas, no: 78, 2009).
5. Difficulty: is the state or quality of being hard to do or to understand; the effort that something involves (Hornby in Fauziah 2008).
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A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUE OF TEACHING SPEAKING IN BILINGUAL CLASS TO THE GRADE XI AT MAN 3 MALANG
By : SRI WAHYUNI
08360274
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUE OF TEACHING SPEAKING IN BILINGUAL CLASS TO THE GRADE XI AT MAN 3 MALANG
THESIS
By : SRI WAHYUNI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUE OF TEACHING SPEAKING IN BILINGUAL CLASS TO THE GRADE XI AT MAN 3 MALANG
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By: Sri Wahyuni
08360274
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
--
Dan sebaik-baik manusia adalah orang yang paling bermanfaat bagi manusia-- (HR. Thabrani dan Daruquthni)“
Count
your
age
by
friends,
not
years.
Count
your
life
by
smiles,
not
tears.”
(John
Lennon)
“ Harga sebuah keberhasilan dan kegagalan bukan terletak pada hasil
akhir, namun terletak pada suatu proses perjuangan “
Dedication:
She dedicates this thesis to: Her lovely father and mother, Her sisters, younger brothers,
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iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, the researcher thanks to Allah SWT the Almighty for a great
mercy and blessing so that she could finish the thesis. Greeting, prayers and love are
also presented to our prophet Muhammad SAW.
She also really appreciates her first advisor, Mrs. Rina Wahyu S, M. Ed who
has always helped, guided and advised her in writing the thesis, and her second
advisor Mrs. Riza Elfana, M. A who has patiently taught her and has given the good
suggestion during the writing of the thesis.
Furthermore, the researcher wants to dedicate her deep respect to her beloved
parents (Mr. Abd. Majid and Mrs. Ruwarna), her sisters (Aini and Anis) and young
brothers (Dayat and Husna) who always support her so that she finally finish her
thesis.
A great thank is also sent to her best friends Lisa, Nisa, Murni, Faiz, Feri,
Fajar, Ian and Komaria for all their motivation and supports. Also her appreciation
goes to all friends that can not mention one by one, for their sincere prayers.
Malang, January 29, 2013
The Writer
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vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ... i
LEGALIZATION ... ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iv
ABSTRACT ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ... 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 5
1.4 Significance of the study ... 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 6
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms ... 6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Nature of Speaking ... 7
2.2 Teaching Speaking ... 8
2.3 Principles of Designing Speaking Teaching Techniques ... 9
2.4 The Technique of Teaching Speaking ... 11
2.4.1 Kinds of Technique of Teaching Speaking ... 11
1. Acting from a script ... 11
2. Communication games ... 13
3. Discussion ... 14
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5. Questionnaires ... 16
6. Simulation and role-play ... 17
2.4.2 The Difficulties in Applying the Technique ... 20
2.5 Bilingual Class Program ... 21
2.6 Bilingual Class Program at MAN 3 Malang ... 22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 23
3.2 Subject of the Study ... 23
3.3 Research Instrument ... 24
3.3.1 Observation ... 24
3.3.2 Interview ... 26
3.4 Data Collection ... 27
3.5 Data Analysis ... 27
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings... 29
4.1.1 The Teacher’s Techniques in Teaching Speaking ... 29
4.1.2 The Implementation of Techniques ... 30
4.1.3 The Difficulties in Applying the technique... 34
4.2 Discussion ... 34
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 38
5.2 Suggestions ... 39
BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX
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viii
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. New York: Holt, Rinerart, and Winston.
Ary, Donal, Jacobs, L., C., Sorensen C. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. New York: Wadsworth.
Arief, Boby. K. 2005. The Teaching Technique in Speaking Class at Basic English Course (BEC) Pare, Kediri. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Astuti, Ridha. T. 2005. An Anaysis of Teaching Technique and Material Used in Teaching and Learning English for Job Preparation at NEC Computer and Language Course Malang. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Brown, H.D. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Fauziah, Nailiana. 2008. The Second Year students’ Difficulties in Learning English Speaking at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Sumenep. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Hamers, Josiane F. Blanc, Michel H.A. 2004. Bilinguality and Bilingualism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Harmers, Jeremy. 2007. The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman.
_________. 2003. The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman.
Kayi, Hayriye. 2006. “Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language”. The Internet TESL Journal, Vol.XII, No. 11.
Lindsay, C., Knight, P. 2006. Learning and Teaching English. New York: Oxford University Press.
Linse, Caroline, T. 2005. Practical English Language Teaching: Young Learners.
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Myers, Carol. Scotton. 2006. An Introduction to Bilingualism. New York: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
Permendiknas. 2009, Penyelenggaraan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional. Nomor 78, Bagian III, Pasal V
Richard, Jack C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wahyurianto, Ibnu. 2009. The Implementation of Group Discussion to Improve the Students’ Speaking Proficiency in ESP Speaking Class at Bahasa Indonesia Department of UMM. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, the researcher thanks to Allah SWT the Almighty for a great mercy and blessing so that she could finish the thesis. Greeting, prayers and love are also presented to our prophet Muhammad SAW.
She also really appreciates her first advisor, Mrs. Rina Wahyu S, M. Ed who has always helped, guided and advised her in writing the thesis, and her second advisor Mrs. Riza Elfana, M. A who has patiently taught her and has given the good suggestion during the writing of the thesis.
Furthermore, the researcher wants to dedicate her deep respect to her beloved parents (Mr. Abd. Majid and Mrs. Ruwarna), her sisters (Aini and Anis) and young brothers (Dayat and Husna) who always support her so that she finally finish her thesis.
A great thank is also sent to her best friends Lisa, Nisa, Murni, Faiz, Feri, Fajar, Ian and Komaria for all their motivation and supports. Also her appreciation goes to all friends that can not mention one by one, for their sincere prayers.
Malang, January 29, 2013 The Writer
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(3)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ... i
LEGALIZATION ... ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iv
ABSTRACT ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ... 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 5
1.4 Significance of the study ... 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 6
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms ... 6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Nature of Speaking ... 7
2.2 Teaching Speaking ... 8
2.3 Principles of Designing Speaking Teaching Techniques ... 9
2.4 The Technique of Teaching Speaking ... 11
2.4.1 Kinds of Technique of Teaching Speaking ... 11
1. Acting from a script ... 11
2. Communication games ... 13
3. Discussion ... 14
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5. Questionnaires ... 16
6. Simulation and role-play ... 17
2.4.2 The Difficulties in Applying the Technique ... 20
2.5 Bilingual Class Program ... 21
2.6 Bilingual Class Program at MAN 3 Malang ... 22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 23
3.2 Subject of the Study ... 23
3.3 Research Instrument ... 24
3.3.1 Observation ... 24
3.3.2 Interview ... 26
3.4 Data Collection ... 27
3.5 Data Analysis ... 27
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings... 29
4.1.1 The Teacher’s Techniques in Teaching Speaking ... 29
4.1.2 The Implementation of Techniques ... 30
4.1.3 The Difficulties in Applying the technique... 34
4.2 Discussion ... 34
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 38
5.2 Suggestions ... 39 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. New York: Holt, Rinerart, and Winston.
Ary, Donal, Jacobs, L., C., Sorensen C. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. New York: Wadsworth.
Arief, Boby. K. 2005. The Teaching Technique in Speaking Class at Basic English Course (BEC) Pare, Kediri. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Astuti, Ridha. T. 2005. An Anaysis of Teaching Technique and Material Used in Teaching and Learning English for Job Preparation at NEC Computer and Language Course Malang. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Brown, H.D. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Fauziah, Nailiana. 2008. The Second Year students’ Difficulties in Learning English Speaking at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Sumenep. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Hamers, Josiane F. Blanc, Michel H.A. 2004. Bilinguality and Bilingualism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Harmers, Jeremy. 2007. The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman.
_________. 2003. The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman.
Kayi, Hayriye. 2006. “Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language”. The Internet TESL Journal, Vol.XII, No. 11.
Lindsay, C., Knight, P. 2006. Learning and Teaching English. New York: Oxford University Press.
Linse, Caroline, T. 2005. Practical English Language Teaching: Young Learners. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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Myers, Carol. Scotton. 2006. An Introduction to Bilingualism. New York: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
Permendiknas. 2009, Penyelenggaraan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional. Nomor 78, Bagian III, Pasal V
Richard, Jack C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wahyurianto, Ibnu. 2009. The Implementation of Group Discussion to Improve the Students’ Speaking Proficiency in ESP Speaking Class at Bahasa Indonesia Department of UMM. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.