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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Method of the research
The researcher used the descriptive analysis method and used the procedure of grammatical error on preposition. The researcher described the
students’ errors in testing preposition by using percentages of students’ errors. The researcher came to the school in order to get data. The data required is the
information of the students’ answer sheets on Preposition in English Writing which was given by the researcher.
B. The Time and Place of the research
In writing this Skripsi, the research was started from March, 23
th
up to April, 30
th
2015, it was conducted at the seventh grade students of SMP Muhamadiyah 35 Kebayoran lama, Jakarta Selatan.
C. Data and Data Source
In this research, the researcher took the data from the First Grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 35 Jakarta in which there are three classes; VII-A
consist of 35 students, VII-B consist of 32 and VII-C consist of 30 students. So the total is 96 pupils. In this research, the researcher took the data sources in the
VII-C in which it consists of 30 students. When the researcher administered the test, there were two students who were absent. The total of respondents became
28 students.
D. The Instrument of The Research
In this research, the researcher gave instrument to collect the data were interview and test. The interview used to know the difficulties faced by students in
learning preposition. Therefore test, the researcher gave a test to the students which consisted sentence with the types of preposition forms and constructing
sentences about preposition, there were two kinds of questions and the test consisted of 40 items.
E. Procedures of the Research
The technique of collecting data is one of the important things in this research. In this research, the researcher took some steps:
1. Written test
In this research, the researcher took the data of the first grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 35 Kebayoran lama. They consist of three classes; class
VII-A consist of 35 students, class VII-B consist of 32 and VII-C consist of 30 students. So they are 97 students in number. The researcher took the data source
from VII-C which consist 28 students. The researcher gave of English test about preposition of form to the class
VII-C. The test consists of completing in the sentences with the right preposition form completion item and arranging the sentences involving preposition. This
test consisted of 40 items consisted of preposition.
Table 3.1 The Test Item Scheme
No Type of preposition
Item Number
1. Preposition of time
4.5. 6.7.13.16.14.24.26.27.37.38.
2. Preposition of place
1.3.9.10.17.18.19.21.22.28.29.30. 31.34.35.36.
3. Preposition of direction
2.8.11.12.15.20.23.25.32.33.39.40 .
2. Interview
The data of this study was collected by using interview technique. The researcher used this technique as supplement of the data to get the information
why the students have low understanding of preposition in English writing. An interview is a purposeful conversation, usually between two people but sometimes
involving more, that is directed by someone in order to get information from other.
In this research, the interview was used as supporting data. Before giving test, the researcher asked the teacher considering students’ problem in using
preposition. Furthermore, after giving test, the researcher asked the students about their difficulties in learning preposition.
F. Data Analysis Technique
From the data, the researcher uses the descriptive analysis technique to verify the frequency of the errors in the students’ answers and algorithm for error
analysis as the procedure of analysis. Some tables were set up the percentage of the errors based on the category of prepositions. Therefore, the formula used in
the research is: =
× 100 P : Percentage
F : Frequency of errors N: Number of observed sample
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G. The Validity of Test
The validity of the test means to determine if they measure what is intended to measure. In this research, the researcher prepared the test that is not
difficult and not too easy. He set the test that relates to the curriculum that the teacher uses to teach English grammar that has been given to the students when
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Anas Sudiyono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2005, p. 43.
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