Higher.
Over Over means the higher position then something.
Examples: The pictures were hanging over the sofa.
The cat jumped over the wall. Edward climbed over the hill.
Above Above and over have similar meaning. The both mean higher
than something but above normally refers being directly above you.
Examples: The ceiling is above you.
He lives on the floor above use. The lamp is above my head.
Lower
Under Under means the lower position than something else and on the
ground. Examples:
We sat under the free. The cat is under the table.
A subway runs under this street. Underneath
Underneath means the lower position that something and covered by something else.
Examples: The sheets are under neanth the blankets.
He swept the dirt under neanth the rug. He wore the t-shirt under neath the jacket.
Below Below means the lower position of something than something
else but above ground. Examples:
He lives on the floor below us. Death valley is 86 meters below sea level.
3 Neighboring the point
Near Near means close to in a little distance.
Examples: Our house is near the supermarket.
He lives near the university. This building is near the subway station.
Next to Next to means at the side of with nothing else between them.
Examples: Ber best friend sits next to her.
The brite stands next to the groom. The teather is right next to the post office.
Beside Beside means next to
Examples: He sat beside his wife during the party.
Jane standing beside her car. The pupply is beside the phone.
Between Between indicates the separating of two things.
Examples: Rumy standing between Hady and Teguh.
Our house is between the supermarket and the school. He sat between his two sons.
If more than two persons or thing are positioned around appoint, among is used.
Examples: He sat among all his grandchildren.
Farrel is standing among his friends. My brother is standing among Robby, Susi and Maria.
Opposite Opposite means something that directly facing someone or
something else. Examples:
The museum is just opposite the post office. Robby sat opposite the wall.
Jane’s house is opposite the school. The teather is opposite the office.
2. Direction
Preposition that describes the direction of place. Across
Across indicates the direction of movement from one side of an area to the other side.
Examples: The girl run across the yard.
The students walk across the bridge. Towards
Towards indicates the movement of something in direction of something else.
Examples: We run towards the school.
Jane goes 5 steps towards the house. Through
Through means going from one point to the other point. Examples:
You shouldn’t walk through the forest. You can drive through that town in an hour.
Around Around indicates the movement of something in a circle
direction in place. Examples:’
The ship sailed around the island. We walked around the school.
To To indicates the movement of something towards something
else. Examples:
I like going to japan. We went to the cinema.
Maria goes to the library with her sister. From
From indicates the place where is starts. Examples:
He came from Bogor. That flower picks from the garden.
The ship sailed from Indonesia. Into
Into indicates something that enter the place.
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38
Englisch-hilfen.de,learning english online, 2013, httpwww.englischhilfen.deengrammarprepositions_place.htm.
Examples: You shouldn’t go into the castle.
My mother goes into the kitchen. I drive into the city every day.
3. Function of prepositions
The preposition has the function of connecting a noun or pronoun to another word, usually a noun, verb or adjective.
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Prepositions are always followed by noun or pronoun. There are connecting word that shows relationship
between the nouns and the words that following them. They usually indicate relationship such as place, direction, time, date and separation between two
objects in the sentence. Examples:
a. Preposition that connecting a noun or pronoun with noun. The boy put the book on the table.
b. Preposition that connecting a noun or pronoun with verb. They arrived in the morning.
c. Preposition that connecting a noun or pronoun with adjective. The man is successful in her business.
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Frank, op. cit., p. 171.
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Method of the research
The researcher used the descriptive analysis method and used the procedure of grammatical error on preposition. The researcher described the
students’ errors in testing preposition by using percentages of students’ errors. The researcher came to the school in order to get data. The data required is the
information of the students’ answer sheets on Preposition in English Writing which was given by the researcher.
B. The Time and Place of the research
In writing this Skripsi, the research was started from March, 23
th
up to April, 30
th
2015, it was conducted at the seventh grade students of SMP Muhamadiyah 35 Kebayoran lama, Jakarta Selatan.
C. Data and Data Source
In this research, the researcher took the data from the First Grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 35 Jakarta in which there are three classes; VII-A
consist of 35 students, VII-B consist of 32 and VII-C consist of 30 students. So the total is 96 pupils. In this research, the researcher took the data sources in the
VII-C in which it consists of 30 students. When the researcher administered the test, there were two students who were absent. The total of respondents became
28 students.
D. The Instrument of The Research
In this research, the researcher gave instrument to collect the data were interview and test. The interview used to know the difficulties faced by students in
learning preposition. Therefore test, the researcher gave a test to the students which consisted sentence with the types of preposition forms and constructing
