THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN THE OLD AND NEW MINANG POP SONG.
THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN THE OLD AND
NEW MINANG POP SONG
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By :
AYU SEPTIA LESTARI
Registration Number 2111620002
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The ultimate greatest praise and thanks to Allah SWT for countless love and
cares, unstinting strength given and never-late helps given during the
lifetime of the writer and especially in the completion of this thesis as the
partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra at the
English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan.
This thesis was possible with the guidance and the help of several
individuals who always contributed and extended their valuable assistances
in the preparation, completion of this thesis. The writer’s special
appreciation goes to:
Prof. Dr. H. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts,
State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department and as her Thesis Examiner
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department, Syamsul
Bahri, S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Program, Nora
Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education
Program Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan.
Dr. I Wy. Dirgeyasa, M.Hum., as her Thesis Advisor
Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., as her Thesis Examiner.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M.Pd., as her Thesis Examiner.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., as the Administration Staff of English Department
for helping the writer in preparing all the fulfillment of this thesis.
All of the Lectures in English and Literature Department
The greatest and sincere thanks are fully addressed to her beloved parents
Mr. Hirmansyah and Mrs. Rafwita for their love, financial support,
moral, spiritual, and pray that make this all possible for her through many
struggles, obstacles and fight against this life her Sweet Sisters Astri
Rahma Sari. The writer is so blessed to have them.
All her beloved friends in ENGLISH LITERATURE A and B 2011,Martha
Simanjuntak, Christina, Ika, Kiki, Sofa, Rezeki, Sofyan, David
Sihite, Serius, Jhon, Boby and Maria, Eli for their support, kindness,
great love, care and warm hearted encouragement friendship in finishing
this thesis to the writer.
Constructive critics and suggestions for the improvement of this thesis
would be highly appreciated. Thank you. God bless.
Medan, September 2015
The writer,
Ayu Septia Lestari
2111620002
ABSTRACT
Lestari, Ayu Septia. 2111620002. Figurative Language in the Old and New
Minang Pop Songs. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Language And
Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
This study deals with the use of figurative language in Minang pop songs. This
study purposes to examine the types of figurative language in the old and new
Minang pop songs and derive the literal meanings of the figurative language. The
sources of the data in this study are the old Minang pop songs in 1960 and the
new Minang pop songs in 2013. The data are song lyrics. There are twenty four
songs, consisting of eight the old Minang pop songs and sixteen the new Minang
pop songs which are selected purposive randomly. The research instrument of this
study is the documentary sheet. The data are analyzed by the descriptive analysis.
The result of this study shows that there are ten types of figurative language in the
old Minang pop song and nine types of figurative language in the new Minang
pop song with various number and different types of figurative language. Based
on the research, the old and new Minang pop song have some varieties literal
meaning of figurative language that suitable with the context in the song lyrics.
Keywords : Figurative language, The Old and New Minang Pop Songs.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABEL .................................................................................................. vii
LIST OF APPENDIX .......................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of Study ................................................................... 1
B. The Problem of Study ..........................................................................5
C. The Objective of Study ........................................................................5
D. The Scope of Study ............................................................................. 6
E. The Significance of Study ....................................................................6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Framework .................................................................................7
1. Meaning ................................................................................................. 7
a. Literal Meaning ......................................................................... 8
b. Figurative Meaning ................................................................... 9
1. Simile ...
..............................................................................11
2. Metaphor
..............................................................................12
3. Hyperbole
.......................................................................13
4. Personification
5. Irony
............................................................. 14
..............................................................................16
6. Synecdoche
.....................................................................16
7. Symbolism
.................................................................... 17
8. Aposthrope
.....................................................................18
9. Allegory
.........................................................................18
10. Sarcasm
.......................................................................19
11. Paradox
.........................................................................19
12. Pleonasm
.....................................................................19
13. Metonymy
.......................................................................20
14. Antithesis
.......................................................................20
15. Euphenism
16.Litotes
..................................................................21
.........................................................................21
2. Contrastive Analysis ........ .....................................................................21
3. Song
.................................................................................................23
a. Pop Song or Music
.........................................................25
b. Minang Pop Song
...........................................................26
B. Relevant Study ......... .....................................................................................27
C. Conceptual Framework
.........................................................................28
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Method
...................................................................................30
B. Source of data
........................................................................................30
C. Technique for Collecting Data
D. Research Instrument
..............................................................32
............................................................................32
E. Technique of Analyzing Data
................................................................32
CHAPTER IV DATA AND ANALYSIS
A. Data
......................................................................................................33
B. Data Analysis
C. Discussion
........................................................................................33
............................................................................................48
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
............................................................................................51
B. Suggestion
............................................................................................52
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................53
LIST OF APPENDI CES
Pages
APPENDICES A .................................................................................................54
APPENDICES B .................................................................................................61
i
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the previous data analysis, the conclusions of this research are:
1. There are ten types of figurative language that used in the old Minang pop
song, consisting of Hyperbole, Personification, Aposthrope, Antithesis,
Simile, Metaphor, Litotes, Metonymy, Pleonasm and Synecdoche. While
there are six types of figurative languages that are not used in the old and
new Minang pop song that have been selected, they are Paradox, Allegory,
Symbolism, Sarcasm, Irony and Euphemism.
And there are nine types of figurative language that used in the new
Minang pop song, consisting of Hyperbole, Personification, Apostrophe,
Antithesis, Simile, Metaphor, Litotes, Metonymy and Synecdoche. While,
The new Minang pop songs do not used seven types of figurative
language, Pleonasm, Paradox, Allegory, Symbolism, Sarcasm, Irony and
Euphemism.
2. The dominant type of figurative language in the old and new Minang pop
song is Hyperbole. This research shows that the old Minang pop songs say
the literal meaning in the lyrics more figuratively than the new Minang
pop songs. Eventhough, the both are in the same type of figurative
language, hyperbole.
B. Suggestion
1.
For those who want to observe this study deeply, they must study about
poetry and Literary Criticism first since this subject lead us to find
figurative language and use of them.
2.
Find the other fields of language or other aspect which can becomes as the
way in conducting a new and better research of figurative language.
3.
Making some other research to in order songs maybe the ethnic songs like
bataknese, Javanese and etc in order to maintain this culture and to practice
the language itself.
REFERENCES
Gast, V. (n.d). Contrastive Linguistics: Theories and Methods. Retrieved
September
6,2012,from
http://www.personal.unijena.de/~mu65qev/papdf/contr_ling_meth.pdf
Hatch, David and Stephen Millward, (1987), From Blues to Rock: an Analytical
History of Pop Music, Manchester University Press
Keraf, G. 1984. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia
Larson, M.L.1998. Meaning-based Translation. Lanham: University Press of
America Inc.
Leech, G. 1981. Semantic: The Study of Meaning. London: Penguins Books.
Maclin, Alice. 1992. A handbook of English as a Second Language.
Washington,D..C. CBS College Publishing.
Miller, G.A. 1997. Images and Models. In Ortony (ed). 1979: 92-135.
McArthur, Tom (ed). 1992. The Oxford Companion to the English Language.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Perrine, L. 1982. Sound and Sense. An Introduction to Poetry. Sixth Addition.
USA: Harcourt Brave Jovanovich.
Steven Totosy De Zepetnek.1998. Comparative Literature: Theory, Method,
Application. Amsterdam:Atlanta GA
Tomomi Niimura(School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London) ,
Brenda Hayashi (Miyagi Gakuin Women's Junior College). 1994. English
and Japanese Demonstratives: A Contrastive Analysis of Second
Language Acquisition. University of California: Issues in Applied
Linguistic
Zawahreh, Firas Ali Suleiman.2013. A Linguistic Contrastive Analysis Case
Study: Out of Context Translation of Arabic Adjectives into English in
EFL Classroom. Unpublished
1
NEW MINANG POP SONG
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By :
AYU SEPTIA LESTARI
Registration Number 2111620002
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The ultimate greatest praise and thanks to Allah SWT for countless love and
cares, unstinting strength given and never-late helps given during the
lifetime of the writer and especially in the completion of this thesis as the
partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra at the
English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan.
This thesis was possible with the guidance and the help of several
individuals who always contributed and extended their valuable assistances
in the preparation, completion of this thesis. The writer’s special
appreciation goes to:
Prof. Dr. H. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts,
State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department and as her Thesis Examiner
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department, Syamsul
Bahri, S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Program, Nora
Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education
Program Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan.
Dr. I Wy. Dirgeyasa, M.Hum., as her Thesis Advisor
Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., as her Thesis Examiner.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M.Pd., as her Thesis Examiner.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., as the Administration Staff of English Department
for helping the writer in preparing all the fulfillment of this thesis.
All of the Lectures in English and Literature Department
The greatest and sincere thanks are fully addressed to her beloved parents
Mr. Hirmansyah and Mrs. Rafwita for their love, financial support,
moral, spiritual, and pray that make this all possible for her through many
struggles, obstacles and fight against this life her Sweet Sisters Astri
Rahma Sari. The writer is so blessed to have them.
All her beloved friends in ENGLISH LITERATURE A and B 2011,Martha
Simanjuntak, Christina, Ika, Kiki, Sofa, Rezeki, Sofyan, David
Sihite, Serius, Jhon, Boby and Maria, Eli for their support, kindness,
great love, care and warm hearted encouragement friendship in finishing
this thesis to the writer.
Constructive critics and suggestions for the improvement of this thesis
would be highly appreciated. Thank you. God bless.
Medan, September 2015
The writer,
Ayu Septia Lestari
2111620002
ABSTRACT
Lestari, Ayu Septia. 2111620002. Figurative Language in the Old and New
Minang Pop Songs. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Language And
Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
This study deals with the use of figurative language in Minang pop songs. This
study purposes to examine the types of figurative language in the old and new
Minang pop songs and derive the literal meanings of the figurative language. The
sources of the data in this study are the old Minang pop songs in 1960 and the
new Minang pop songs in 2013. The data are song lyrics. There are twenty four
songs, consisting of eight the old Minang pop songs and sixteen the new Minang
pop songs which are selected purposive randomly. The research instrument of this
study is the documentary sheet. The data are analyzed by the descriptive analysis.
The result of this study shows that there are ten types of figurative language in the
old Minang pop song and nine types of figurative language in the new Minang
pop song with various number and different types of figurative language. Based
on the research, the old and new Minang pop song have some varieties literal
meaning of figurative language that suitable with the context in the song lyrics.
Keywords : Figurative language, The Old and New Minang Pop Songs.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABEL .................................................................................................. vii
LIST OF APPENDIX .......................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of Study ................................................................... 1
B. The Problem of Study ..........................................................................5
C. The Objective of Study ........................................................................5
D. The Scope of Study ............................................................................. 6
E. The Significance of Study ....................................................................6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Framework .................................................................................7
1. Meaning ................................................................................................. 7
a. Literal Meaning ......................................................................... 8
b. Figurative Meaning ................................................................... 9
1. Simile ...
..............................................................................11
2. Metaphor
..............................................................................12
3. Hyperbole
.......................................................................13
4. Personification
5. Irony
............................................................. 14
..............................................................................16
6. Synecdoche
.....................................................................16
7. Symbolism
.................................................................... 17
8. Aposthrope
.....................................................................18
9. Allegory
.........................................................................18
10. Sarcasm
.......................................................................19
11. Paradox
.........................................................................19
12. Pleonasm
.....................................................................19
13. Metonymy
.......................................................................20
14. Antithesis
.......................................................................20
15. Euphenism
16.Litotes
..................................................................21
.........................................................................21
2. Contrastive Analysis ........ .....................................................................21
3. Song
.................................................................................................23
a. Pop Song or Music
.........................................................25
b. Minang Pop Song
...........................................................26
B. Relevant Study ......... .....................................................................................27
C. Conceptual Framework
.........................................................................28
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Method
...................................................................................30
B. Source of data
........................................................................................30
C. Technique for Collecting Data
D. Research Instrument
..............................................................32
............................................................................32
E. Technique of Analyzing Data
................................................................32
CHAPTER IV DATA AND ANALYSIS
A. Data
......................................................................................................33
B. Data Analysis
C. Discussion
........................................................................................33
............................................................................................48
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
............................................................................................51
B. Suggestion
............................................................................................52
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................53
LIST OF APPENDI CES
Pages
APPENDICES A .................................................................................................54
APPENDICES B .................................................................................................61
i
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the previous data analysis, the conclusions of this research are:
1. There are ten types of figurative language that used in the old Minang pop
song, consisting of Hyperbole, Personification, Aposthrope, Antithesis,
Simile, Metaphor, Litotes, Metonymy, Pleonasm and Synecdoche. While
there are six types of figurative languages that are not used in the old and
new Minang pop song that have been selected, they are Paradox, Allegory,
Symbolism, Sarcasm, Irony and Euphemism.
And there are nine types of figurative language that used in the new
Minang pop song, consisting of Hyperbole, Personification, Apostrophe,
Antithesis, Simile, Metaphor, Litotes, Metonymy and Synecdoche. While,
The new Minang pop songs do not used seven types of figurative
language, Pleonasm, Paradox, Allegory, Symbolism, Sarcasm, Irony and
Euphemism.
2. The dominant type of figurative language in the old and new Minang pop
song is Hyperbole. This research shows that the old Minang pop songs say
the literal meaning in the lyrics more figuratively than the new Minang
pop songs. Eventhough, the both are in the same type of figurative
language, hyperbole.
B. Suggestion
1.
For those who want to observe this study deeply, they must study about
poetry and Literary Criticism first since this subject lead us to find
figurative language and use of them.
2.
Find the other fields of language or other aspect which can becomes as the
way in conducting a new and better research of figurative language.
3.
Making some other research to in order songs maybe the ethnic songs like
bataknese, Javanese and etc in order to maintain this culture and to practice
the language itself.
REFERENCES
Gast, V. (n.d). Contrastive Linguistics: Theories and Methods. Retrieved
September
6,2012,from
http://www.personal.unijena.de/~mu65qev/papdf/contr_ling_meth.pdf
Hatch, David and Stephen Millward, (1987), From Blues to Rock: an Analytical
History of Pop Music, Manchester University Press
Keraf, G. 1984. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia
Larson, M.L.1998. Meaning-based Translation. Lanham: University Press of
America Inc.
Leech, G. 1981. Semantic: The Study of Meaning. London: Penguins Books.
Maclin, Alice. 1992. A handbook of English as a Second Language.
Washington,D..C. CBS College Publishing.
Miller, G.A. 1997. Images and Models. In Ortony (ed). 1979: 92-135.
McArthur, Tom (ed). 1992. The Oxford Companion to the English Language.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Perrine, L. 1982. Sound and Sense. An Introduction to Poetry. Sixth Addition.
USA: Harcourt Brave Jovanovich.
Steven Totosy De Zepetnek.1998. Comparative Literature: Theory, Method,
Application. Amsterdam:Atlanta GA
Tomomi Niimura(School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London) ,
Brenda Hayashi (Miyagi Gakuin Women's Junior College). 1994. English
and Japanese Demonstratives: A Contrastive Analysis of Second
Language Acquisition. University of California: Issues in Applied
Linguistic
Zawahreh, Firas Ali Suleiman.2013. A Linguistic Contrastive Analysis Case
Study: Out of Context Translation of Arabic Adjectives into English in
EFL Classroom. Unpublished
1