viii
Table of Contents
Pages Title page
i Thesis Originality page Pernyataan Keaslian Tesis
ii Approval Thesis Page Pengesahan Tesis
ii Acknowledgement and Dedication Persembahan
iv Abstract
vi
Abstraksi vii
List of Tables xii
List of Figures xiii
1. Introduction 1
A. Introduction 1
B. The importance of the thesis 7
C. Arguments Thesis statement 7
D. Methodology and data collection 8
E. Hypothesis 9
F. The plan of the thesis 14
2. Literature review 15
A. Introduction 15
B. Interpretations of the ethnic conflict 17
C. Rational choice theory 19
a. Strengths of rational choice theory 24
b. Weakness of rational choice theory 27
ix
c. Inapplicability of rational choice theory to the Acehnese conflicts 28
D. Psychological approaches 30
a. Strengths of psychological approaches 32
b. Weakness of psychological approaches 33
c. Inapplicability of psychological approaches to the Acehnese conflicts 35 E. Symbolic politics theory
37 a. Strengths of symbolic politics theory
39 b. Weakness of symbolic politics theory
42 c. Applicability of symbolic politics theory to the Acehnese conflicts
44 F. Conclusion
45
3. Indonesia and the Acehnese rebellions 48
A. Introduction 48
B. Geography and ethnicity in Indonesia 48
C. The politics and ideology in Indonesia 51
D. Ideological debate between the Islamic and secular nationalist groups 54
E. The Origins of the Acehnese rebellions 58
a. The Darul Islam movement under Daud Bereueh leadership 59
b. Free Aceh Movement under Soeharto’s regime of the New Order era 1969-1998
61 c. Free Aceh Movement in reformation era 1998 - now
67 F. Conclusion
71
4. The Acehnese conflicts under Soekarno’s period
74 A. Introduction
74
x
B. Myths justifying hostility 75
C. Fears of extinction 84
D. Opportunity to mobilization 89
E. Mass hostility 92
F. Hostile mobilization The process of mobilization for war 96
G. Conclusion 103
5. The Acehnese conflicts under Soeharto’s period The New Order era
106 A. Introduction
106 B. Myths justifying hostility
107 C. Fears of extinction
113 D. Opportunity to mobilization
117 E. Mass hostility
119 F. Hostile mobilization The process of mobilization for war
122 G. Conclusion
129
6. The Acehnese subsequent peace after 1998 reform period 132
