Decision Support System DSS

the impact of industry operation to environment and the availability of waste treatment unit.

8. Material planning document

The criterion is used to assess the availability of material planning document and the propriety supply of materials planned with realization.

9. Reporting

The criterion is used to assess the availability mutation report of log and product manufacture and the availability industry periodical reporting.

10. Manpower

The criterion is used to assess the availability of forest product examiner and availability agreement of employee and industry.

2.3. Decision Support System DSS

The concept of DSS was first articulated in 1970s by Scott Morton under term management decision systems as “interactive computer – based systems, which help decision makers utilize data and models to solve unstructured problems”. O’Brien 1999 defines decision support system as a major category of management support systems. They are computer-based information systems that provide interactive information support to managers during the decision- making process. A decision support system uses 1 analytical models, 2 specialized databases, 3 a decision maker’s own insights and judgments, and 4 and interactive, computer-based modeling process to support the making of semi structured and unstructured decisions by individual managers. Turban 1995 defines that DSS is composed of the following sub systems : 1. Data management. The data management includes the database, which contains relevant data for the situation and is managed by software called database management systems DBMS. 2. Model management. A software package that includes financial, statistical, management science or other quantitative models that provides the system’s analytical capabilities, and an appropriate software management. 3. Communication dialog subsystem. The user can communicate with and command the DSS through this subsystem. It provides the user interface. 4. Knowledge management. This optional subsystem can support any of the other subsystems or act as an independent component. These components constitute the software portion of the DSS. They are housed in a computer and could be facilitated by additional hardware and software pieces. Finally, the user is considered to be a part of the system. Researchers assert that some of the unique contributions of DSS are derived from the interaction between the computer and the decision maker. Figure 2.1 described a conceptual model of DSS. Therefore, DSS are designed to be ad hoc, quick-response system that are initiated and controlled by managerial end users. Decision support systems are thus able to directly support the specific types of decisions and the personal decision-making styles and needs of individual managers. Geographic information systems GIS are a special category of DSS that integrate computer graphics and geographic databases with other DSS features. A geographic information system is a DSS that constructs and displays maps and other graphics displays that support decisions affecting the geographic distribution of people and other resources O’Brien, 1999. Figure 2.1. Conceptual model of DSS Turban,1995

2.3.1. Multi Criteria Decision Making

Project managers are faced with a complex decision environments and problems in their projects. The elements of the problems are numerous, and inter- relationships among the elements are extremely complicated. Relationships between elements of a problem may be highly nonlinear; changes in the elements may not be related by simple proportionality. Furthermore, human value and judgment systems are integral elements of a project Al – Harbi, 1999 in Jayarsa, 2005. Multiple criteria decision making MCDM approaches are major parts of decision theory and analysis. They seek to take explicit account of more than one criterion in supporting the decision process. The aim of MCDM methods is to help decision makers learn about the problems they face, to learn about organizational values and objectives, and through exploring these in the context of the problem to guide them in identifying a preferred course of action Al-Harbi, 1999 in Jayarsa, 2005. In other words, MCDM is useful in circumstances which necessitate the consideration of different course of action, which can not be evaluated by the measurement of a simple, single dimension. The evaluation of forestry industry based on regulation number P.172004 is involves of many criterions and indicators. Criterions here are consisting both qualitative and quantitative. It can say that the evaluation of forestry industry is a multiple criteria decision making process. Commonly used MCDM methods in decision making are ranking and rating. These methods assign the weight for each criterions and use weighted aggregation for the analysis outcomes Prakash, 2003. The evaluation of forestry industry has been arranged on regulation number P.172004. The evaluation is carried out by assessing parameters which are included in each criterion and indicator. The parameters has been weighted and scored based upon a rigorous definition of priorities. Forestry industry performance then will be categorizing based on the aggregate scored of preferred options.

2.4. Database