Character REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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CHAPTER III REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In review of the related literature, the discussion focuses on character, conflict, setting, plot, desire, motive, and depression.

3.1 Character

Characters are the people told in a story. Characters in literary work are important, because characters can explain what happens in the story and help readers to know about the story. In some aspect, characters are same with human in real life. They have emotion, desires, and personality. But, because literary work has an imaginative idea, the character in literary work is not real or the illustration of the author. Characters, based on Reaske 1966:40, are fictitious creations and thus the dramatist and the novelist may both be judged with regard to their ability in the art of characterization. Characters are men or women who suffer, do action and experience such event in novel. According to Hudson 1913: 170-171: Secondly, such things happen to people and are suffered or done by people; and the naen and women who thus carry on the action form its dramatis personæ or characters. Characters are the most important element in literary work. Every work use characters to serve it story. As stated by Potter 1967:7 “characters are basic element in imaginative literature and therefore, they limit the considerable attention paid to them”. As we know that literary work is a mirror of real life, human in real life is replaced by the character in literary work. The imaginative idea of author of literary work can be seen in how the character in literary work is developed. As stated by Perrine 1984:66 the characters in literary work are more complex, ambiguous, and variable than human in real world. This thing makes the readers difficult to understand how and what the character is, especially for the readers who read literary work just to entertain themselves. For this type of readers, they will enjoy read the plot represented in literary work than have deep understanding about how and what the character is. They will remember the order of event easily and can tell about the story for many times, but they will have difficulty to describe how the character is. They can only say whether the character is young or old person, handsome or beautiful, good or bad, etc.

3.1.1 Types of Character

Character in a play or fiction can be divided into two; they are central or main character and peripheral or supporting character. Main character is the main part of the story; meanwhile peripheral characters appear in a certain setting, just necessarily to become the background for the main characters. In this connection Nurgiyantoro 2002: 177 states that: “The main character is a character who becomes a central person in a story. They are become a person who describe most, as a performer or as a person who suffered in a story. In some novels, the main character always shows in every condition and we can see every page of the book.” The presence of a peripheral character in a story is less than the main character. It is presence only to support the main character’s action. Nurgiyantoro 2002:177 asserts that: “The presence of the supporting character in the whole of the story is less and not important. The supporting character only appears if they have some relations with the main character directly or indirectly” Main character consists of: protagonist and antagonist. Usually, protagonist as the main character reflects good side of plays as a central character in a fiction that represent a hero as readers expected; while, antagonist is always against the protagonist. In this connection Potter 1967: 6 asserts: The protagonist is always the focus point of action of the story; the character that the story is most obviously about. He is usually in forefront of the action and usually has the most to say whether we like to approve him or not. The antagonist is the main person or things or forces that opposite the protagonist. According to Perrine 1984: 68, characters are divided into two types; they are flat and round character. “Flat characters are characterized by one or two trait; they can be summed up in a sentence. Round characters are complex and many side; they might require an easy for full analysis”. Characters in a story experience conflict, to be exact, weather internal and external conflict. It will increase and develop into top of conflict in climax. The character will undergo change after climax, but not all of them. As stated by Perrine 1984: 70, character can be classified into two types; they are: static or developing dynamic character. “The static character is the same sort of person at the end of the story as at the beginning. The developing dynamic character undergoes a permanent change in same aspect of character, personality, or outlook”.

3.2 Conflict