3.5 Desire
Hobbes 1588–1679 in http:en.mwikipedia.orgwikidesire, asserted that human desire is the fundamental motivation of all human action. It is a state
of mind familiar to everyone who has ever wanted to drink water, preferring mangoes to peaches, or desired to know what has happened to an old friend, etc.
According to Eugene de Blaas 1904 in http:en.mwikipedia.orgwikidesire also, desire is a sense of longing for a person or object or hoping for an outcome.
The same sense is expressed by emotions such as craving or hankering. When a person desires something or someone, their sense of longing is excited by the
enjoyment or the thought of the item or person, and they want to take actions to obtain their goal.
3.6 Motive
An inner direction forcing a need which direct behavior toward a goal known as motive Morris, 1999:416. Every man has his own motive, it depends
on a need he needed. According to Maslow in Hjelle 1992: 448 people are motivated to seek personal goals that make their life rewarding and meaningful.
He depicted human being as “wanting organism” who rarely reaches a state of complete and satisfaction. It is characteristic of human life that people almost
always desire something. Maslow proposed that all humans’ needs are innate or instinctual and
they are systematically arranged in an ascending hierarchy of priority or
prepotency. The needs are classified in order of their priority, such as physiological needs, safety and security needs, belongingness and love needs,
self-esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
Figure 10-1 is schematic representation of this need hierarchy conception of human motivation Hjelle, 1992: 448.
Gratification of needs lower in the hierarchy allows for awareness of and motivation by needs higher in the hierarchy. Thus, physiological needs must be
reasonably met before safety-security needs become salient; both of physiological and safety-security needs must be satisfied to some degree before the needs for
belongingness and love emerge and press for satisfaction, and so forth.
3.6.1 Physiological Needs
The most basic, powerful, and urgent of all human needs are those that are essential to physical survival. Included in this group are the needs for food,
drink, oxygen, exercise, sleep, protection from extreme temperatures, and sensory stimulation. These physiological needs are directly concerned with biological
maintenance of the person and must be gratified at some minimal level before the next higher order need attains importance. Put another way, a person who fails to
satisfy this basic level of needs will not be around long enough to become concerned about needs at higher levels in the hierarchy. Physiological needs are
the one of needs that always fulfilled and it can be turn up again because of recurring nature Hjelle, 1992: 450.
3.6.2 Safety and Security Needs
Once the physiological needs are fairly well satisfied, the person becomes concern with a new set, often called the safety and security needs. This
need covers the needs for structure, stability, law, and order, predictability, and freedom from such threatening forces as illness, fear, and chaos. Thus, these needs
reflect concern about long-term survival. Safety and security needs are most readily observed in infants and young children because of their relative
helplessness and dependence on adults. The urgency of safety needs is also evident when a child becomes ill. And other expressions of the needs for safety
and security occur when people are confronted with real emergencies such as war,
floods, earthquakes, riots, societal disorganizations, and similar condition Hjelle, 1992: 450-451.
3.6.3 Belongingness and Love Needs
These needs becomes prominent when the physiological and safety or security needs have been met. The person operating at this level longs for
affectionate relationships with others, for a place in his or her family and or reference groups. Group affiliation becomes a dominant goal for a person.
Accordingly, a person will feel keenly the pangs of loneliness, social ostracism, friendlessness, and rejection, especially when induced by absence of friends and
loves one. To be loved and accepted is instrumental to healthy feelings of worth. Not to be loved generates futility, emptiness, and hostility.
People who feel that his or her belongingness and love needs already fulfilled since childhood never become panic when his or her love was rejected.
People who never feel belongingness and love needs, he or she will be people who cannot giving love also. And people who received a little belongingness and
love needs will be over motivated to find them. In other word, they have belongingness and love needs bigger than people who have belongingness and
love needs enough Hjelle, 1992: 451-453.
3.6.4 Self Esteem Needs
When our needs for being loved and for loving others have been reasonably gratified, their motivating force diminishes, paving the way for self-
esteem needs. This needs divided these into two basic types: self-respect and respect from other. The former includes such concerns as desire for competence,
confidence, achievement, independence, and freedom. A person needs to know that he or she is worthwhile capable of mastering tasks and challenges in life.
Respect from others entails such concerns as desire for prestige, recognition, reputation, status, appreciation, and acceptance. In this case the person needs to
know that what he or she do is recognized and valued by significant others Hjelle, 1992: 453-454.
3.6.5 Self-Actualization Needs or the Need for Personal Fulfillment
Finally, if all the foregoing needs are sufficiently satisfied, the need for self-actualization comes to the fore. Self-actualization characterized as the
person’s desire to become everything that he or she is capable of becoming. The person who has achieved this highest level presses toward the full use and
exploitation of his or her talent, capacities, and potentialities. In short, to self- actualize is to become the kind of person we are capable of becoming to reach the
peak of our potential. This need is exciting because it makes a person look up to what he or she can be and thus live with zest and purpose Hjelle, 1992: 454-455.
3.7 Depression
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