Ghosts In The Society Of Karonese

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GHOSTS IN THE SOCIETY OF KARONESE

A PAPER

BY

ARI FERNANDO PERANGIN-ANGIN

REG.NO.082202005

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

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It has been proved by

Supervisor,

Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A NIP:19581017198001 1 001

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English.

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A NIP: 19521126198112 1 001

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera As a paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.

The examination is held on the

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera

Dean,

Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A NIP: 19511013197603 1 001

Board of Examiners :

1. Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A (Head of English DIII)

2. Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A (Supervisor)

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AUTHOR'S DECLARATION

I am, ARI FERNANDO PERANGIN-ANGIN, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : Date :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : ARI FERNANDO PERANGIN-ANGIN Title of Paper : GHOSTS IN THE SOCIETY OF KARONESE Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discreation of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : Date :

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ABSTRAK

Suku Karo adalah salah satu suku Batak di daerah Sumatera Utara yang berada di dataran tinggi Tanah Karo. Suku Batak sendiri terbagi ats lima sub suku, yaitu : Batak toba, Batak Karo, Batak Simalungun, Batak Mandailing dan Batak Pak-Pak. Setiap suku memiliki kebudayaan tersendiri dan itu merupakan cirri khas dari setiap suku tersebut, begitu juga dengan suku Batak Karo yang memiliki kebudayaan dan adat istiadat yang sangat dijunjung tinggi. Salah satunya adalah system kepercayaan orang karo yang percaya terhadap hal-hal ghaib atau percaya terhadap hantu, dalm masyarakat karo dikenal dengan sebutan Perbegu. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun kertas karya ini adalah melalui data bahan tertulis, penelitian di lapangan dan mencari informasi di internet. Dalam kertas karya ini, penulis mencoba untuk menjelaskan tentang keberadaan hantu di Tanah Karo, khususnya di kampung halaman penulis sendiri yaitu Kecamatan Kutabuluh Simole, berbagai jenis hantu dalam masyarakat Karo, apa alasan orang Karo memelihara hantu tersebut. Setelah agama Kristen, Islam, Hindu dan Khatolik masuk ke dalam kehidupan orang Karo maka kepercayaan terhadap hantu terssebut berangsur-angsur hilang tapi masih ada sebagian orang Karo yang masih percaya dan memelihara hantu tersebut. Tujuan penulisan kertas karya ini adalah menjelaskan tentang keberadaan hantu di lingkungan orang Karo dan bagaimana kehidupan mereka yang selalu berhubungan dengan hantu. Penulis berharap melalui kertas karya ini para pembaca akan mengerti tentang keberadaan hantu di Tanah Karo dan jangan pernah untuk memelihara, menyembah atau percaya terhadap hantu, itu hanya kepercayaan zaman dahulu dan sekarang kita berada di zaman yang sudah maju di era globalisasi yang sudah memiliki agama dan kepercayaan masing-masing.

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ABSTRACT

Karo tribe is one of Batak ethnic group in North Sumatera that live around Karo highland. Batak ethnic groups consist of five ethnic groups, there are : Toba batak, Karo Batak, Simalungun Batak, Mandailing Batak, Pak-Pak Batak. Each tribe have their own culture and it is become the special character from every tribe, likewise karo Batak has the culture and tradition that very respected. The system of belief is one of the culture of Karo Batak society, they believe to the ghosts and worship them, it called Perbegu. In writing this paper, the writer applied three methods, they are library research, field research, and browsed some references in internet for further information. In this paper, the writer try to explain about the existence of ghosts in Karo land, especially in writer’s hometown that is in Kecamatan Kutabuluh Simole, the kinds of ghosts in Karonese society, why and how the Karonese maintain the ghosts. After Christian, Islam, Hindu, and Chatolic religion come in to Karonese life, the belief to the ghosts lost little by little but there are some Karonese people still believe and maintain the ghosts. The objective of this paper is to explain about the existence of ghosts in Karonese life and how their life that always connected with the ghosts. Through this paper the writer hopes all of the reader of this paper understand about the existence of ghosts in Karo land and hopes all of the people never to maintain, worship or believe to the ghosts, it just the system of belief in ancient time and now we are in development time of globalisation era that have the religion.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My first thanks and praise is to Jesus Christ for His amazing bless accompanying me from the time I started writing this paper until I was able to finish and complete this paper.

I would thank to my supervisor, Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A and my reader Drs. Mohammad Syafi’I, M.A . Thank you very much for the coments, suggestions, and guidance in doing and finishing this paper. I wish to thank to all lectures in English Diploma III Study Program who has dedicated themselves, especially for Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the dean of Faculty of Cultere Studies, I would thank to Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A as the Head Of English Diploma III Study Program, and Dra. Persadanta Br. Karo, M.Hum as the Secretary of English Diploma III Study Program and also as my academic counselor too.

My Special gratitude to my beloved family. My father, L. Perangin-angin and my mother, R. br Sembiring. I love you so much, you are my everything in my life. Thanks for your great affection prayers, encouragements and financial support and your love for me, my brother and my sister. For my brother, Ades Frandinata Perangin-angin and my sister, Mikha Agustiyani br Perangin-angin, thank you very much for your supports and love too.

I love you all.

My sincere thanks to all my friends in English Diploma III Study Program both of class A and B, especially for Desma Sary Bangun, Lia Pebriani Pane, and Elda Hotdian Ritonga, thanks for the friendship all of you during our study, and

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thanks to my best friend, Elias Efrata Milala, thank you for your helpful and your support for me.

Finally, I realize that this paper is far from being perfect because of my limited knowledge source. I hope all of the readers off this paper will give me some construct critisms and suggestioss to make this paper sounds perfect. I also hope, this paper can be inspiration to anyone who want to explore more on the topic that I have analyzed.

Medan, 2011

Ari Fernando Perangin-angin 082202005

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

ABSTRAK ... i

ABSTRACT ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1The Background of Study ... 1

1.2 The Scope of Study ... 1

1.3 The Objective of Study ... 2

1.4 The Significance of Study ... 2

1.5 The Method of Study ... 2

2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF KARO BATAK SOCIETY 2.1 The Geography ………. 4

2.2 The Religion and System of Belief ... 6

2.3 The Livelihood ………. 7

2.4 The Education ………. 8

2.5 The KindshipSystem of Karo Batak Society ………. 9

3. GHOSTS IN THE SOCIETY OF KARONESE 3.1 The Philosophy of Karo Tribe ... 12

3.2 The Defenition of Ghosts ... 15

3.3 The Kind of Ghosts ... 17

3.3.1 Begu Jabu ………... 17

3.3.2 Begu Darat ………... 18

3.4 Why The Karonese Maintain The Ghosts ... 20

3.5 How The Karonese Maintain The Ghosts ... 21

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Conclusion ... 23

4.2 Suggestions ... 24 REFERENCES

APPENDICES : Table of The Number of Population In Kecamatan Kutabuluh Simole

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ABSTRAK

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ABSTRACT

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1The Background of Study

Indonesia is one of the country in Southeast Asia,comprising more than 17.508 islands. It has many of ethnic groups, every ethnic groups has a specific culture and the system of belief. One of traditional aspects in our national culture is the religion and the system of belief. In the real life,the aspect has many functions which are concerned culture values and concerned with the other aspects of culture like Politics,Social Matter,and Economic.

The diversity of culture in Indonesia can be seen from many customs, religious, ethnic groups, roles, and relationship between individuals. The Batak ethnic groups consists of five sub-ethnic groups, there are Toba Batak, Karo Batak, Simalungun Batak, Pakpak Dairi Batak and Mandailing Batak. Each ethnic group has many similarities and differences with the other ethnic groups in their languages, cultures, traditions, habits, ceremonies, and the roles for all are to unite the similarities and differences caused by history, geography and religion.

Nowadays, as we know many of ethnic groups still believe in their traditional belief although they have the religion.

Based on the above statement, the writer is interested in discussing about the ghosts in the society of karonese that is one of the system of their belief.

1.2The Scope of Study

To make this paper effectively arranged,the writer limited the scope of writing. Karo land is a very large land, that is why the writer limited the topic. The

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writer only writes about the Ghosts in Kecamatan KutaBuluh Simole, around of the writer’s village.

1.3The Objective of Study

In this paper, the writer wants to know more about the ghosts in Karo land,the type of ghosts, why the karonese worship to the ghosts, for what they do it, etc. The writer hopes by writing this paper can raise our religion and the system of belief. I as the writer also remind all the people, especially the reader of this paper never worship to the ghosts because we have the religion and we only have one god, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, no one the other

1.4The Significance of Study

Some of significances that we can find in this paper are : 1)The readers will know about the ghosts in Karonese Society. 2)The readers will know the type of ghosts.

3)The readers will know why the karonese worship and maintain the ghosts. 4)The readers will know for what they maintain the ghosts.

5)By knowing about the ghosts, it make us to increase our belief in one god, that is Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

1.5The Method of Study

In writing this paper, the writer applied three methods of study, there are library research, that is by collecting some books that related the topic discussed;

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field research, by asking some informants who know about this topic, the writer interviewed and discussed with them; and the last the writer browsed some references in internet for further information. All of the methods were really helpful in finding and selecting important information that supported the writing of the paper.

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2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF KARO LAND

2.1 The Geography

Karo regency is located about 77 Km from Medan city, the capital of North Sumatera. The area of karo regency is bounded by mountain range that is situated about 600-1400 m above the sea level, spreading out to Bukit Barisan area. The temperature of karo upland is quid cool, it is around 160-170 C with the humidity around 28%. The rainy season is longer than the dry season,the first rainy season starts from March to May every year with rainfall around 1000-4000 mm/year. That is why Karo highland has wet tropical climate.

Geographically,Karo district is situated between 20 500 LU – 30 190 LU and 970 550 BT – 980 380 BT. Karo district is 2.127,25 Km2 in width with the amount of people about 500.000 peoples. Karo district consists of seventeen subdistricts, we can see with the number of population and population density of each subdistricts

Number of Population by Sub District On 2010

No Kecamatan/ Sub District Laki-Laki/ Male Perem-puan/ Female Jumlah/ L + P Total Distribusi/Distribution Banyaknya Desa/ Total Village Luas Wilayah/ Area (Km2) Kepadatan Penduduk/ Per Km2 Population

Density

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

1 Mardingding 8.526 8.546 17.072 12 267,11 64 2 Laubaleng 8.889 8.815 17.704 15 252,60 70

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Based on the spread out nature and topography situation, Karo area is devided into three morphology,they are :

1) Lowland morphology in Lau Baleng area. It is located in west of Kuta Buluh area, where its high is 48-147 from above sea level and consists of small rivers and hill.

2) Highland morphology in Kabanjahe. Its area cover up Tiga Panah and Simpang Empat.

3) Mountain morphology in Sinabung and Sibayak mountain.

Looking at the map of North Sumatera in eastern part of Bukit Barisan, we will see the location in Karo area, such as :

3 Tigabinanga 9.945 9.944 19.889 19 160,38 124 4 Juhar 6.578 6.634 13.212 24 218,56 60 5 Munte 9.719 9.915 19.634 22 125,64 156 6 Kutabuluh 5.256 5.329 10.585 16 195,70 54 7 Payung 5.365 5.454 10.819 8 47,24 229 8 Tiganderket 6.451 6.730 13.181 17 86,76 152 9 Simpang Empat 9.482 9.453 18.935 17 93,48 203 10 Naman Teran 6.453 6.191 12.644 14 87,82 144 11 Merdeka 6.652 6.562 13.214 9 44,17 299 12 Kabanjahe 30.977 32.313 63.290 13 44,65 1.417 13 Berastagi 21.245 21.310 42.555 9 186,84 1.395 14 Tigapanah 14.584 14.827 29.411 22 186,84 912 15 Dolat Rayat 4.113 4.198 8.311 7 32,25 44 16 Merek 9.280 8.752 18.032 19 125,51 144 17 Barusjahe 10.876 11.115 21.991 19 128,04 172

Jumlah/Total 174.391 176.088 350.479 262 2127,25 165 Sumber/Source: SENSUS PENDUDUK 2010, BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK

KABUPATEN KARO

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1) The Northern part of Karo land borders on Langkat and Deli Serdang regency. 2) The Southern part of Karo land borders on Dairi and North Tapanuli regency. 3) The Western part of Karo land borders on Southeast Aceh regency (Aceh

Province).

4) The Eastern part of Karo land borders on Deli Serdang and Simalungun regency.

Karo district has many interesting place such as hot water bathing in Debuk-Debuk, Lau Kawar Lake in Lau Kawar village (Simpang Empat subdistrict), the famous cities are Berastagi and Kabanjahe. Berastagi is one of tourist town in North Sumatera that very famous for their agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, and beverage products that is Marquisa Juice which known until the entire archipelago.

In Karo upland we can find some of famous mountains is the pride of Karonese. Some of them are located in the north, they are Barus mountain, Pinto mountain, Sibayak mountain, Simole and Sinabung mountain, in tha south there is Sibuaten mountain. In this district we also can enjoy the beauty of Sibayak volcano that is still active. This mountain is located on 2.127 m above the sea level. The meaning of Sibayak is a king, it means that Sibayak mountain is the king mountain according to Karonese ancestor.

2.2 The Religion and System of Belief

Before Christian,Islam, Hindu, and Chatolic spread to Karo land, Karonese society believed in animism. Beside that there are still many gods and spirits that are related to their forefather spirits. Whenever they need them, the sprits can be called.

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The calling of the forefather spirit is holding ritual ceremony, where the spirit come through an intermediaryor shaman.

Perbegu religion is one of the system of belief of karonese,they believe that every people has soul (tendi), when somebody pass away their soul will change to be Begu. In 1946, Perbegu religion in Karo land had changed become Pemena by Guru-Guru Mbelin. The change of this name because there are so many pressure from Belanda Colonial. They express that Perbegu is a idolatry religion (Putra 1979:32). At present time , Karonese have followed Protestant, Chatolic, Islam and Hindu religion

In the past time, when the modern religion spread in Karo batak, the people rejected it. Nowdays,most of them believe in Christianity. They believe in Jesus Christ as Human savior. To get the eternal life, people must believe in Him. However, it is difficult for them to forget the old belief and to practice the teaching.

Karo Batak Society adopts the Patrilineal system. Each members of the society follows his or her hereditary family name. All sons and daughters use their father’s clan. After getting married, a daughter has no right anymore to use her father’s clan, but sons have to use their father’clan forever, although they are married or not.

2.3 The Livelihood

Karo regency is most interested in agriculture. Karonese society was born as agricultural society, since years ago Karo society had been able to cultivate their farmland. They will go to the farmland with some people or with their family to plant the rice, corn, vegetables, and fruits, they go home on the afternoon, maybe at 05.00

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pm. Karonese society has many similarities with Chinese in habit to economize and their desire to collect the money (Anderson, 18243).

Karonese is very expert in gold trade, we can find it in Kabanjahe, central market of Medan, Peringgan market, Kampung Lalang market, Pancur Batu market and the other places. Karonese is also expert with agricultural produce trade of Karo land, especially vegetables and fruits, it called Perengge-rengge (trader), relaier and distributor of agricultural produce to go out of Karo regency. The economy of Karonese society in nowdays not only in that aspects but also in a lot of economy sector.

Beside that, Karo has mineral industry that can become livelihood source, such as Marble in Muara Sipongi subdistrict used as building materials; Dolomit in Kuta Buluh is used as dung, to arrange Soil ph, and to make paint, plastic, paper, and cement; Phospat in Lau Baleng village is used as dung; Tross in Tiga Panah, Simpang Empat, Kabanjahe, Payung and Munthe subdistrict is used to make cement,as whitening materials and killing paint, glass, plastic, and lining paper.

Transportation is the other livelihood of Karonese. They, especially men has already managed some public transportation company in Medan, Kabanjahe, Jakarta, they can also become a driver in transportation.

2.4 The Education

For Karonese society, education is very important in their life, because it can increase the knowledge and the level of everyone. They want their children to go to the collage and get the successful in their life so that they can make a proud for their

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parents and their family also and they can develop Karo land in many aspects, such as tourism objects, potential places, and the culture too.

By getting the best education in the collage and they got their academic title, it will very helpful them to apply for the job, and to develop their prosperity in the future. They will go to work in young age and after they getting the retirement they can enjoy their life with all that they have.

2.5 The Kindship System of Karo Batak Society

The very important thing in Karo Batak society is Merga Silima, Tutur Siwaluh and Rakut Sitelu. Karonese has clan, called “merga” is used for man and “beru” for woman. Merga or beru is used at the end of someone’s name and also will inherit with “bere-bere”, beru from their’s own mother.

The clan (merga) in karo society consists of five groups, they are Ginting, Karo-karo, Perangin-angin, Sembiring and Tarigan, the fifth of this clan known as Merga Silima. Each clan has subclan (sub-merga) and every karonese has one of that clans (merga, beru and bere-bere).

Merga is the important thing in Karonese society life. It is very useful to express one’s identify and also its relation to find the kindship system (ertutur). In ertutur there are some lining to find our position when we introduce each other. The lining process of ertutur are :

1) Merga or beru, is a family name that is inherited to someone from his father’s family name or from generation to generation, and woman can not inherit to her children.

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3) Kempu (perkempun), is a family name that is inherited to someone from mother’s bere-bere.

4) Kampah, is a family name from beru of great-grandparent (father’s grandmother).

5) Binuang, is a family name that is inherited from father’s bere-bere.

6) Soler, is a family name which is inherited from beru of grandmother (mother’s grandmother).

According to the lining, someone will know his/her position and level, such as father (bapa), mother (nande), uncle (mama), aunt of uncle’s wife (mami/bibi), bengkila (the designation of wife to father in law), bibi (the designation of wife to mother in law), senina or sembuyak (a person that has same level), turang (a man to his sister or those who have the same merga or beru), impal (the man hwo has bere-bere same with beru of one woman), silih (brother in law), bere-bere-bere-bere, son/daughter, grandchild (kempu), great-grandchild (ente), great grandparents (entah), turangku (the relation that is regarded taboo, for example, one’s husband his my brother’s wife), younger brother and sister (agi), brother and sister (kaka), permen (the designation of father in law to daughter in law), grandfather (nini bulang), grandmother (nini tudung/nondong), empung (father’s and mother’s grandfather), beru (father’s and mother’s grandmother). The position of ertutur will be different to each people according to the people that is invited to introduce.

Tutur Siwaluh is the kindship system concept of Karonese society which is related to introduction process (ertutur) and it consists of eight groups, they are Puang Kalimbubu, Kalimbubu, Senina, Sembuyak, Senina Sipemeren, Senina

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Sipengalon/Sendalanen, Anak Beru and Anak Beru menteri. In traditional ceremony, Tutur Siwaluh can be divided into specific group depending on necessity in traditional ceremony.

The other important things in kindship system of Karonese society is Rakut Sitelu or Daliken Sitelu. The meaning of Rakut Sitelu is Sangkep Nggeluh (the completeness of life) for karonese society and it consists of three groups, they are Kalimbubu, Senina / Sembuyak, and Anak Beru. Eventhough Karonese society can be Kalimbubu, Senina/Sembuyak, and Anak Beru, it depends on the situation and condition at the time.

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3. GHOSTS IN THE SOCIETY OF KARONESE 3.1 The Philosophy of Karo Tribe

The Kingdom of Haru-Karo (Aru Kingdom) become a big kingdom in Sumatera, but the people don’t know exactly when it was found. However, Brahma Putra said in his book “Karo Dari Zaman Ke Zaman” that on 1M century there is a kingdom in North Sumatera, the king of the kingdom is “Pa Lagan” . From his name it’s come from Karo tribe. Is there Aru Kingdom on that time ?, this matter still need the examination further more (Darman Prints,SH : 2004).

Karo tribe is the original tribe that live in karo highland, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The name of this tribe become a name for the regency in their district (Karo highland) that is Karo regency, the capital is located in Kabanjahe. This tribe has their own language that called Karo language, and the traditional clothes of Karo tribe is dominated by red and black color and it full of gold decoration.

Since of Karo land regency bring the name of Karo land (Tanah Karo) so that Karo regency is considered as “Kawah Candradimuka” of Karo tradition, including the Karonese who life to spread eventhough the system is different. However the difference between the tradition of Karo in the different place is the differences in instrumental character and not in fundamental character.

Haru-Karo Kingdom known growth and develop with Majapahit, Sriwijaya, Johor, Malaka and Aceh Kingdom. It proved that Haru Kingdom war with those kingdom. On the glory of Haru Kingdom, the influences of it’s kingdom spread from Aceh Besar until Siak river in Riau.

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There are Karo tribe in Aceh Besar. The existence of Haru-Karo tribe in Aceh recognized by H.Muhammad Said in his book “Aceh Sepanjang Abad”(1981), he emphasize that the original citizen of Aceh Besar is same with Batak generation, but this book doesn’t explain from what Batak is the original citizen. Meanwhile, H.M Zainuddin in his book “Tarikh Aceh Dan Nusantara”(1961) said that in valley of Aceh Besar there is not only Islam Kingdom but also Karo Kingdom. And then, he said the original citizen of twenty residences mixed with Karo tribe, in Aceh language it called karee. Brahma Putra also said in his book “Karo Sepanjang Zaman” that the last king of Karo tribe in Aceh Besar is Manang Ginting Suka.

Karonese peoples in Aceh change the name become “Kaum Lhee Reutoih” or kaum tiga ratus (the 300 groups). This name related with the incident between Karo tribe and Hindu tribe in Aceh that finished by duel war, there are 300 karonese peoples will fight with 400 Hinduism peoples in the open fields. This duel war can be peaceful and since of the incident, Karo tribe called as the 300 groups and Hindu tribe called as the 400 groups. On the future, Karo tribe mixed with Hindu tribe and it is called as Jasandong groups. The other groups are Imam Pewet groups and Tok Batee groups, that is the mixing of the outsider groups,likes : Hindu, Arab, and Persia groups.

There are five kingdoms (Kebayaken) in Karo land on the ancient time,they are :

1) Sibayak Lingga Kingdom, the beginning of Karo-Karo clan (merga) that is Sinulingga (subclan/submerge of Karo-Karo).

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2) Sibayak Sarinembah Kingdom, the beginning of Sembiring clan (merga) that is Milala (subclan/submerge of Sembiring).

3) Sibayak Suka Kingdom, the beginning of Ginting clan (merga) that is Suka (subclan/submerge of Ginting).

4) Sibayak Barusjahe Kingdom, the beginning of Karo-Karo clan (merga) that is Barus (subclan/submerge of Karo-Karo).

5) Sibayak Kutabuluh Kingdom, the beginning of Perangin-Angin clan (merga). The regent of Karo land now is Kena Ukur Surbakti. According to official website of Pemda Kabupaten Karo, there are 14 regents that ever lead this regency since the independence of Republik Indonesia, they are :

1) Ngerajai Meliala, -1946

2) Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, 1946-1955 3) Abdullah Eteng

4) Baja Purba 5) Matang Sitepu 6) Baharudin Siregar

7) Tampak Sebayang, 1970-1981 8) Rukun Sembiring, 1981-1986 9) Menet Ginting, 1986-1991

10)Rupai Perangin-angin, 1991-1995 11)Daulat Daniel Sinulingga, 1995-2000 12)Sinar Perangin-angin, 2000-2005 13)Daulat Daniel Sinulingga, 2005-2010

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14)Kena Ukur Surbakti, 2011-

According to Karonese society, they can devided in two categories : Gugung Karo or Karonese that live in mountainous, especially in Karo regency Langkat and Deli Serdang ; Jahe Karo, the Karonese who live in coastal area, especially in Deli Serdang and Langkat regency. Gugung Karo society regarded is more consistant in obeying the culture of Karo, but Jahe Karo society has a lot of acception with the other culture around them, especially Malay ethnic group.

Sometimes many people make some mistakes in daily conversation such as in Karo land identified by Karo district. In fact, Karo land is far large than Karo regency, because karo land overwhelms part of Dairi regency (Tanah Pinem, Gunung Sitember,and Tiga Lingga subdistrict), Deli Serdang district (Lubuk Pakam, Bangun Purba, Galang, Gunung Meriah, Sibolangit, Pancur Batu, Namorambe, Sunggal, Kutalimbaru, Hamparan Perak, Tanjung Morawa, and Sibiru-biru subdistrict), Langkat regency (Padang Tualang, Bahorok, Selapian, Kuala, Binjai, and Stabat subdistrict), Southeast Aceh regency (Lau Sigala-gala,Lau Deski, Lau Perbunga, Lau Kinga, Simpang Simadam)

3.2 The Defenition of Ghosts

Before Hinduism, Islamic and Christian come in to Karo land area, Karonese already had their own religion, it is called Pagan (Perbegu). Perbegu is come from words begu, that means ghost, the soul of the people that have died. They believe that everything in the world, whatever it is real or not is the creation of God (Dibata), that is known as Dibata Kaci-Kaci.

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1) Dibata Datas, known as Guru Batara, who authorizes the sky.

2) Dibata Tengah, known as Tuhan Padukah ni Aji, who authorizes our earth. 3) Dibata Teruh, known as Dibata Banua Koling, who authorizes low earth..

Before Perbegu born to the world, they have written as Perbegu since in the pregnant, they have a different soul with another people. Perbegu must be strong, have a great soul like an iron (perkakas besi), for example, the souls are chopping-knife, axe, chisel, gun etc. Someone can called as Perbegu, if he or she has the different knowledge with the other people, such as :

1) They can communicate with the ghost.

2) He or she can possessed (seluken / kesurupan).

3) They have six sense, they can see the ghosts, (in karonese it called Dua Lapis Penge nen matana / matanya dua lapis).

4) His or her neck is ringing (in karonese it called Ersora kerahungna / Lehernya berbunyi).

5) They can predict the 30 days, (niktik wari si 30), the 8 villages (desa si waluh), he or she can find the things that have lost.

6) They can mean the dreams of every people.

7) He or she can read the lucky or unlucky from our face, hands or birth-mark (in karonese it called endeng) in our body.

8) They can see the illness in our body, what the causes of the illness. It is usually disturb by the ghosts.

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3.3 The Kinds of Ghost

In karonese society, they believes there are many kind of ghosts in their society, such as the ghosts that can help the peoples it is called Begu Jabu, the ghosts that can disturb the peoples around the earth it is called Begu Darat, and Begu Jenujung, it is for the special people and he or she has a special strength, it is different with another people (he or she has the six sense).

3.3.1 Begu Jabu

Begu Jabu or begu kade-kade (family) is the ghosts of the people that have died, near to the family. Not all of the ghost can become Begu Jabu.There are many qualifications to be begu jabu in Karonese society.

The qualifications to be Begu Jabu are : a. die in pregnancy time (mate i bas bertin)

b. die before the teeth of the children yet grow (mate lenga ripen) c. die in one day (mate sada wari)

d. die in young age (mate nguda) e. die in old age (mate enggo metua)

The ghosts that called as Begu Jabu are the ghost of grandfather, grandmother, or the ghost of the family. If Begu Jabu is strong, what will people do for them, they can immune and the family not getting the unlucky but they are healthy. In fact, all karonese people have Begu Jabu. They use it or not, it is the right of each family, but Begu Jabu will always keep their own (Simada Begu Jabu e).

The Kinds of Begu Jabu are : 1) Begu Batar Guru

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Begu Batar Guru is the ghost of the people that have died in pregnancy time, it’s also called as begu perkaku jabu / begu penjamin keluarga.The people give the sacrifices for Begu Batar Guru so that they won’t disturb all peoples. If on one time, Begu Batar Guru disturb the family, so each family would make ngelandekken galuh ceremony, it is started by erpangir ku lau and then back the ghosts (perumah begu) in the night. After come back from erpangir ku lau the people take medicines at home from Perbegu.

2) Begu Bicara Guru

Begu Bicara Guru is the ghost of the children that have died before the teeth of the children yet grow. It is usually called as begu perkakun jabu si peduaken.

3) Begu Si Mate Sada Wari

Begu Si Mate Sada Wari is the ghost of the people that have died in one day, not caused by the illness but he or she die suddenly (get an accident, killed by another people, die in a war to fight the enemy, die in defend the truth etc). The people give the sacrifices for Begu Si Mate Sada Wari so that they won’t disturb the peoples. It is usually called as begu perkakun jabu sipeteluken. 3.3.2 Begu Darat

Begu Darat is the ghost that can disturb the people around the earth, not only their own but all peoples.This ghost is not same with Begu Jabu, this ghost lives outside the house of the people not at the home of the owner.

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1) Simate kayat-kayaten, the ghost of the people that have died caused by the illness for long time.

2) Begu Tungkup, the ghost of a girl that have died before get married. All the people should to respect to this ghost.

3) Begu Mentas, the ghost that come from another family (not from the owner). 4) Begu Menggep, this is the evil ghost, be there under the stairs of karonese

hous (teruh karang / teruh redan rumah).

5) Begu Sidangbela, the ghost of the pregnant woman that have died, be there around the waterworks. All of the pregnant woman must bring Jerango (traditional amulet of karonese people) or put it around the body of the children (in their clothes).

6) Begu Juma, It is the ghost that have died in generally, this ghost always disturb the people that work in farm. The people should be careful if they are working in the farm.

7) Begu Ganjang, it is the most cruel ghost. This ghost ordered by the own of the ghost to disturb another people.

8) Begu Sirudang Gara, the people ask this ghost to keep their farm, fish pool, so that the other or the thief can not to steal.

9) Begu Manusia Si Enggo Mate, the ghost of every people that have died.

10)Begu Binatang Jinak (asuh-asuhen), the ghost of the tame animals that have died.

11)Begu Binatang Liar Si Enggo Mate, the ghost of the wild animals that have died.

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3.4 Why The Karonese Maintain The Ghosts

The history of maintaining the ghosts in Karonese society is come from one of the richest family in their society, they have a very large farm and ricefield, many of buffalos, many of cows and horses. This family have three sons, and the thirth have get married. After their parent have died, the childrens fight in division the property for long time to get the inheritance from their parent.

The oldest son says to call the ghost of their mother and ask her to solve this problem, the others sons agree with the opinion. They ask perbegu to call the ghost of their mother. It is become the beginning for karonese to maintain the ghosts.

The Karonese have the reasons why they maintain the ghosts in their life, there are many functions of ghosts for them but every one have the different reasons to maintain the ghosts. In this paper, the writer will explain some functions of the ghost for the Karonese. By asking some informants from Karonese society around of the writer’s life, some functions of the ghosts are :

1) They can ask the ghost to take care their farm, so that the other people can not to steal the products of their agriculture.

2) They can ask the ghost to take care the Karonese house, so that the thief can not to steal their property.

3) The Karonese maintain the ghost to get the honour from the other people, all peoples will respect to the owner of the ghosts.

4) They think that by maintaining the ghost, it can give them the good livelihood and the fortune.

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5) As the cheap article for themselves, so that they can carry out all of their efforts or jobs.

6) The Karonese believe that by maintaining the ghosts, all peoples will believe for them and obey their word also.

There are the other functions of ghost for Karonese society, but in this paper the writer just writes about the information that he get from the informant that the writer interviewed.

3.5 How The Karonese Maintain The Ghosts

To maintain the ghosts, the Karonese have some ways how to maintain them. All of the Karonese have ghost, they get it from their ancestors but some of them not use it, it is the right of each people. The writer ask some informants and ask them how the Karonese maintain the ghosts, the ways are :

1) The ghost must stay or live with the owner, they can stay at the house or in farm but not far from the owner.

2) The Karonese should to give the sacrifices to the ghost on time, if not, the ghost can disturb the owner of the ghost or the other peole maybe.

3) The Karonese should respect to the ghost, the ghost become the God of them and forgotten the only one God that is Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

4) If the Karonese go away to one place, they should to put betel (belo/sirih) as the honour to the ghost. If they find a big tree on the way they should to put betel, find big stone shpuld to put betel, find the water/river should to put betel, find the valley should to put betel and arrive at the highland should to put betel too.

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There are many others how the Karonese maintain the ghost in their society, but in this paper only the writer only writes according to the informant that the writer have interviewed.

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4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 CONCLUSION

Karo Batak is one of the ethnic group in North Sumatera, that has many kinds of cultural elements. One of the cultural elements is worship and maintain to the ghosts, it called as Perbegu. Karonese maintain the ghost for many reasons and every people have the different reasons.

Worship to the ghost is one of the traditional believe in Karo Batak Society, they believed that every people has soul (tendi). When somebody pass away their soul will change to be bgeu. The Karonese people also have the ways how to maintain the ghosts so that they will not disturb the people around the earth.

After analyzing about the Ghosts In the Society of Karonese, the writer get the conclusions that every Karonese people have the ghost, the ghosts can classified in to three kinds, they are : the ghost that can help the people, it is called Begu Jabu ; the ghost that can disturb the people around the earth, it is called Begu Darat ; and Begu Jinujung, it is for the special people, he or she has a special strength, different with another people.

But nowdays, Karonese people have followed their religion such as Protestant, Chatolic, Islam, and Hindu.

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4.2 SUGGESTIONS

After analyzing about the Ghosts In The Society Of Karonese, the writer can propose some of the suggestions, as follows, they are :s

1) Karonese people, especially the people that have the religion (Christian, Islam, Hindu, and Chatolic) never worship to the ghost.

2) As the reader, we know that we just have one God that is Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, we don’t have another God, so we should worship to our the only God. 3) Having completed this paper, the writer / reeder should pay attention to

increase our believe in one God that is Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

4) We don’t get anything by maintaining the ghost, there are no useful of it, so never to worship and maintain the ghosts.

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REFERENCES

Prints, Darwin, 2004. “ Adat Karo ”. Medan : Bina Perintis. Ukur, Malem, Ginting. 2005. “ Adat Karo Sirulo “. Medan.

Prints, Darwin, 2002. “ Kamus Karo Indonesia ”. Medan : Bina Media.

Tarigan, Henry, Guntur, 1989. “ Percikan Budaya Karo ”. Jakarta : Yayasan Merga Silima.

Tarigan, Sarjani, 2008. “ Dinamika Orang Karo dan Modernisasi “.Kabanjahe : Toko Bukit.

Tarigan, Sarjani, 2009. “ Lentera Kehidupan Orang Karo Dalam Berbudaya “. Medan.

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Number of Population In Every Villages In Kecamatan Kutabuluh Simole On 2011

No Village Male Female Total

1 Kutabuluh 900 1105 2005 2 Kutabuluh Gugung 214 203 417 3 Jinabun 569 857 1426 4 Siabang-abang 207 244 451 5 Buah Raya 295 279 574 6 Lau Buluh 472 561 1033 7 Bintang Meriah 725 695 1420 8 Kuta Male 214 431 645 9 Negeri Jahe 401 440 841 10 Gunung Meriah 200 217 417 11 Ujung Deleng 359 384 743 12 Tanjung Merahe 247 370 617 13 Liang Merdeka 98 103 201 14 Rih Tengah 190 189 379 15 Mburidi 212 208 420 16 Pola Tebu 97 85 182

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The Map Of Karo Land

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There are many others how the Karonese maintain the ghost in their society, but in this paper only the writer only writes according to the informant that the writer have interviewed.

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4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 CONCLUSION

But nowdays, Karonese people have followed their religion such as Protestant, Chatolic, Islam, and Hindu.

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4.2 SUGGESTIONS

After analyzing about the Ghosts In The Society Of Karonese, the writer can propose some of the suggestions, as follows, they are :s

1) Karonese people, especially the people that have the religion (Christian, Islam, Hindu, and Chatolic) never worship to the ghost.

increase our believe in one God that is Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

4) We don’t get anything by maintaining the ghost, there are no useful of it, so never to worship and maintain the ghosts.

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REFERENCES

Prints, Darwin, 2004. “ Adat Karo ”. Medan : Bina Perintis. Ukur, Malem, Ginting. 2005. “ Adat Karo Sirulo “. Medan.

Prints, Darwin, 2002. “ Kamus Karo Indonesia ”. Medan : Bina Media.

Tarigan, Henry, Guntur, 1989. “ Percikan Budaya Karo ”. Jakarta : Yayasan Merga Silima.

Tarigan, Sarjani, 2008. “ Dinamika Orang Karo dan Modernisasi “.Kabanjahe : Toko Bukit.

Tarigan, Sarjani, 2009. “ Lentera Kehidupan Orang Karo Dalam Berbudaya “. Medan.

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Number of Population In Every Villages In Kecamatan Kutabuluh Simole On 2011

No Village Male Female Total

1 Kutabuluh 900 1105 2005

2 Kutabuluh Gugung 214 203 417

3 Jinabun 569 857 1426

4 Siabang-abang 207 244 451

5 Buah Raya 295 279 574

6 Lau Buluh 472 561 1033

7 Bintang Meriah 725 695 1420

8 Kuta Male 214 431 645

9 Negeri Jahe 401 440 841

10 Gunung Meriah 200 217 417

11 Ujung Deleng 359 384 743

12 Tanjung Merahe 247 370 617

13 Liang Merdeka 98 103 201

14 Rih Tengah 190 189 379

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Ghosts In The Society Of Karonese