10
2. Literature masterpiece featuring kind of problematic social life itself.
3. Literary works are not bound by space and time.
4. Depicted symbolically so that the real purpose is not visible.
8
Based on the above reasons, we can conclude that postcolonial theory is a theory that studies the conditions of the situation afterwards, especially
regarding the state of 18th century until 19th century. This theory gives attention to the indigenous culture which is the culture of the oppressed from
the power of colonialism; this theory is also related to the representation of race, ethnicity and nation-state formation. For that, postcolonial studies aimed
at, first raised the history of science, technology and Western medicine, like science in the Islamic perspective, Indian, Chinese and indigenous knowledge
and knowledge of other cultures through the study of empirical and historical. Second, develop a contemporary discourse about the nature, style and scope of
science, technology and non-Western medicine. Third, develop science policies that recognize and appreciate the scientific practices, technologies and
treatment of indigenous or native.
9
B. Binary Opposition
In critical theory a binary opposition is a pair of related term or concept that are opposite in meaning. Binary opposition is the system by
which, in language and thought, two theoretical opposites are strictly define
8
Ibid. p. 212.
9
Leela Gandhi 2001, loc. cit. p.215.
11
and set off against one another.
10
It is the contrast between two mutually exclusive terms, such as on and off, up and down, lift and right. Binary
opposition is an important concept of structuralism, which sees such distinctions as fundamental to all language and thought.
11
In structuralism, a binary opposition is seen as a fundamental organizer of human philosophy,
cultural, and language. In the community of philosophers and scholars, most believe that, as Derida put it, “useless a distinction can be made rigorous and
precise it isn‟t really a distinction.
12
Binary opposition originated in Saussurean structuralist theory. According to Ferdinand de Saussure, the
binary opposition is the means by which the units of language have value or meaning; each unit defined against what it is not.
13
The critique of binary opposition is an important part of third wave feminism, post colonialism, post anarchism, and critic race theory, which
argue that the perceived binary opposition between man and woman, civilized and savage, and Caucasian and non-Caucasian have perpetuated and
legitimized Western power structures favoring “civilized” white men. In the
last fifteen years it has become almost routine for any good social and or historical analysis to address the variable of gender, class, sexuality race.
14
10
Smith, G 1996, Binary Opposition And Sexual Power In Paradise Lost, The Midwest Quartery, vol.27. No. 4. p. 383.
11
Baldick, C 2004. The Concise Oxford Dictionary Of Literary Term. Viewed 8 March 2011. http;www.highbeam.comdoc1056-binaryopposition.html.
12
Jacques derida 1991 Afterword: Toward An Ethic Of Discussion, published in English translation of limited Inc., pp.123-4, 126
13
Forgarty, S
2005, The
Literary Encyclopedia,
Viewed 6
March 2011.
http:www.litencyc.comphpstopics.php?pec=trueUID=122
14
Hanson, k 2008, ‘The Dead Sea Scroll And The Language Of Binary Opposition A
StructualistPoststructuralist Approach ‟ ,the Australian journal of Jewish Studies, vol. 22, p.26
12
C. Orientalism of Edward Said
