22 juxtaposition of events.
28
Reader interest and involvement in a story are heightened by its conflict, the struggle between opposing forces that emerges as
the story’s action develops. A work’s plot explores one or more conflicts, moving from exposition, rising action, conflict, climax, anticlimax, and finally to a
resolution. A writer may present a story’s events in strict chronological order with the
event that actually occurred first presented in the sequence in which it took place. Many sequences are possible as the writer manipulates events to create interest,
suspense, confusion, wonder, or other effects. Writers commonly use established techniques like flashbacks and
foreshadowing to vary chronological order. A flashback is moves out of sequence to examine an event or situation that occurred before the time in which the story’s
action takes place. And foreshadowing is the presentation early in a story of situations, character or objects that seem to have no special importance, but that in
fact are later revealed to have great significance.
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3. Setting
The setting of a work of fiction establishes its historical, geographical, and physical environment. Setting however, means more than just the approximate
time and place in which the work is set; setting also encompasses a wide variety of physical and cultural features. Historical context establishes social, cultural,
economic and political environment. A story’s geographical context can also help
28
Laurence Perrine, Reading and Writing about Fiction, London: Hacourt Brace Javanovich, 1984, p.62.
29
Charlotte I. Lee, Oral Interpretation, London: Northwestern University, 1974, p. 305.
23 readers to understand characters behavior. A work’s physical context includes
such varied, miscellaneous factors as the time of day, whether a story unfolds primarily inside or out of doors, what the whether is like, and the story’s general
atmosphere.
4. Point of View
Abrams 1981 in Nurgiyantoro 2005: 248 says that point of view is a way or views that is used by the writer as a tool to describe the characters, action,
setting and some events in which conducted the story in a fiction to the readers. There are two main categories of point of view:
a. Third person points of view in which the narrator is in the crudest sense, not a participant in the story
b. First-person points of view in which “I” who narrates the story plays a part in it
30
30
http:amie47.wordpress.com20090505short-story
24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
The writer tried to analyze Bruno’s characteristics in Strangers on a Train by Patricia Highsmith. Bruno was the main character in the novel Strangers on
Train. The writer tried to analyze in every aspect and through the events that done by Bruno as the main character.
Character can be human and non human creature that is like in the fictional story, the represent the actions that build the story. The presentation of
the characters can be as flat or round character and static or dynamic character. Those types are depending on the role of the characters in the story.
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The character refers to the person or player of the story, character are divided into two types there are mainmajor character and minor character. Major
character is a character that always appears and dominated every part of the story. That is character often told in a story. Minor character is character that only
appears in one event. Appearance of minor character in the entire story is not significant and it appears only when there is connection with major character,
either directly or indirectly.
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This chapter focuses on the development of Bruno’s characteristics characterized by the author. The novel is about two passengers on the same train
Guy Haines and Charles Anthony Bruno. Guy is a successful architect in the
31
X. J. Kennedy, Literature “An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama” New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1991, p.6.
32
Department of English, University of Victoria, Character and Characterization, from http;web.uvic.caguide character. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
25 midst of divorce, while Bruno turns out to be sadistic psychopath who
manipulates guy into swapping murders with him. The writer tabulated some characteristics of Charles Anthony Bruno as:
Confident Man, Smart, Careless Man, Optimistic Person, Kind Person, and Temperamental. Those characters would direct to be a perfect murder with
manipulated Guy Haines.
Table I Charles Anthony Bruno’s Characteristics
NO Corpus
Indication Page
1.
“I don’t think I’ve introduced my self,” he half stood up” “Bruno, Charles Anthony Bruno,”
Guy shock his hand briefly.” “Guy Haines”. “Glad to meet you”.
“Hey” Bruno whispered, and saw her turn. “Say, isn’t your name Miriam?”She faced
him, but he knew she could barely see him. “Yeah, who’re you?”
I keep thinking about that idea we had for a couple of murders. It could be done, I am sure.
I cannot express to you my Supremes confidence in the idea Though I know subject
does not interest you.
“Like a trip to the moon in a rocket. Setting a speed record in a car-blindfolded. I did that
once. Didn’t set a record, but I when up to a hundred sixty.”
Confident Man
12
80
22
22
26
2. “Hey Cheeses, what an idea We murder for
each other, see? I kill your wife and you kill my father We meet on the train, see, and
nobody knows we know each other Perfect alibis Catch?” Bruno said.
“Okay kill me if you want to You can say it is self-defense”Bruno
whined. There
was nothing he could do to stop Bruno’s smile, not
even kill him.
Guy frowned. A question took form in his mind, and immediately he knew the answer.
He remembered
Bruno’s idea
for a
murder.…But it was drunken bravado on Bruno’s part, he thought. Why should he react
seriously?
Smart
34
129
51
3.
He began to realize what he intended to do. He was on his way to do murder which not only
would fulfill a desire of years, but would benefit a friend. It made Bruno very happy to
do things for his friends. And his victim deserved her fate.
The police are downstairs, he though. This just the time they would catch him, at down. And
he didn’t care at all. He would make a complete confession. He would blurt it all out
at once
Careless Man
66
161
4. “It’s the idea of my life Don’t you get it? I
