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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the place and time of the research, methods o f the research, population and sample, research instruments, technique of data
collecting, and technique of data analysis.
A. Place and Time of the Research
This research was conducted at SMA DUA MEI located in Jl. H. Abdul Gani No. 135 Cempaka Putih Ciputat Timur Tangerang Selatan. This research was
on August 19
th
until August 22
nd
2013 2014.
B. Method of the Research
In doing this research, the writer used quantitative method; quantitative research is essentially collecting numerical data to explain a particular
phenomenon.
1
In this research, the writer used questionnaire to score students’
reading habit. Then, the writer conducted reading comprehension test to measure their reading comprehension score. Then, Pearson Product moment correlation is
used to correlate two variables and to find out the significance relationship between students’ reading habit and their reading comprehension. The
independent variable of this research is the students’ reading habit variable X
and the students’ reading comprehension is the dependent variable variable Y.
C. Population and Sample
The populations of this research were second grade students of SMA DUA MEI Ciputat. There are 71 total students; they are 35 science students and 36
social students of second grade SMA Dua Mei Ciputat. Moreover, the writer only took 40 samples. In this research the writer used simple random sampling to
collect the data of the students.
1
Daniel Muijs, Doing Quantitative Research in Education, London: Sage Publications Ltd., 2004, p. 2.
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D. Research Instruments
The instruments of this research are questionnaires about reading habit as
variable X and the reading comprehension test as variable Y.
1. Questionnaire In this research, the writer distributed the questionnaires to the students
aimed to know their reading habit score. Before giving the questionnaire to the students, the writer analyzed the validity of the questionnaire first. There are 40
questionnaires for validation and test, only 30 valid items used for reading habit test. In determining students score the writer used closed questionnaire in which
the respondents ticked the available responses given by the writer. The calculation of validity test can be seen in the appendix.
The questionnaires used five alternatives base d on the Likert’s Scale
Types. Likert’s scale is used to measure attitude, opinion, perception based on the
certain object or phenomena.
2
The result of validity and reliability can be seen in appendix. The indicators of the questionnaire were explained as follows:
A: Selalu Always B: Sering Often
C: Kadang – kadang Sometimes
D: Jarang Seldom E : Tidak Pernah Never
The questionnaire were given to the students consist of many indicators. Indicators are
taken from Julio Cesar’s theory about the reading habit aspects, they are: reading amount of books, academic reading, reading frequency, non-
academic reading, motivation in the academic environment, and motivation in the family environment. The following table presents the indicator used by the writer
in the questionnaire:
2
Syofian Siregar, Statistik Parametrik untuk Penelitian Kuantitatif, Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara, 2013, p. 50.
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Table 3.1 Reading Habit Indicators
2. Test A test is a systematic procedure for
observing one’s behavior and it with the aid of numerical or category system. A test is used to collect the data of
student s’ reading comprehension. The test of reading comprehension was an
objective test in the form of multiple choice tests consisting 20 items. Before giving reading comprehension test items to the students, the writer validated the
items of the tests. From the 30 questions, the writer took 20 valid items. The calculation of validity test can be seen in the appendix.
There were five options in each item A, B, C, D, E. The writer took some of the questions that have significant correlation wit
h the students’ compulsory book, such as Look Ahead Published by Erlangga and
student’s work sheet LKS - Lembar Kerja Siswa Sakti SMA XI, published by CV Arya
Duta and many other sources from the internet. The writer marked 1 for each item which is answered correctly and marked 0 for the wrong answer.
No Reading Habit X Indicators
Item Number
1 Reading Amount of Books
1, 2,3,4,5 2
Academic Reading 6,7,8,9,10
3 Reading Frequency
11,12,13,14,15 4
Non Academic Reading 16,17,18,19,20
5 Motivation in the Academic
Environment 21,22,23,24,25
6 Motivation in the Family
Environment 26,27,28,29,30
TOTAL 30
