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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
This chapter presented several literatures that had similar topics with this study. The reviews were presented to find out the difference and also some
weaknesses and strengths between the previous studies and this present study. Besides, there are concepts of passive voice and translation shifts used in this study in
the next subchapter. Furthermore, the last subchapter presents the theoretical framework which explains the theory of types of passive voices and translation shifts.
2.1 Review of Literatures
There are three previous studies and three article reviewed to support this study. Their topics are relevant with current study which is about shift in translation
and passive voice construction in English and Indonesian. Ardanayasa 2012 wrote a thesis entitled
Structural Shift in English Indonesian Translation of Novel “Eat, Pray, Love” Translated into “Makan, Doa, Cinta”. The method was applied in this study
was qualitative and descriptive method. Qualitative method meant the data is chosen randomly as representation from the novel Eat, Pray, Love translated into Makan,
Doa, Cinta. Descriptive method means the data that has been chosen is explained in detail by describing it in form of paragraph.
Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that the structural shift in English-Indonesian translation occur in sentence structure level, clause
structure level, and phrase structure level. The rule of the structural shift is also well implemented. This research was continued in the future in order to complete the
weakness of this research. It was expected that in the future a research regarding structural shift affected by social factor can be conducted.
As the title of his study which is about structural shift, he gave very details explanation about theory of structural shift completed with some samples for each
type. The theory he applied was proposed by Catford. Besides he also added brief explanation about sentence, clause and phrase construction. That explanation can be a
good reference to support current study. A relevant study by Argianti 2008 entitled Translation Shift Found in Harry
Potter and the Half Blood Prince mainly focused on analyzing how specific terms in the text of harry potter translated into Indonesian and kinds of translation shift found
in sentences with specific terms in the text. Regarding to the analysis, it was found that there are three strategies in
translating specific terms in the text of harry potter. These are done based on the appropriate translation equivalent from SL to TL to create goods translation which
natural and readable not as translation literary work. The result of the analysis also showed that there were some shifts found in translation of Harry Potter and the Half
Blood Prince. There were two major types of shift; they are level shift and category shift. All types of shift can be found in the data. Level shift occurs when the