1965 was used in analyzing. The next step was the selected data then described deeply for the translation shifts applied. Having analyzed the occurrence of the
passive voice in both data source language to target language, it was followed by drawing the conclusion.
1.5.4 Method and Technique of Presenting Analysis
This study used descriptive method in presenting the analysis. For the first problem, the data was classified into the types of passive voice, by showing the data in the
form of sentence. They were in bold and underlined forms. As a result, the readers can understand it easily. Finally, in order to answer the second problem, the
translation shifts were presented descriptively by showing it in form of table.
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
This chapter presented several literatures that had similar topics with this study. The reviews were presented to find out the difference and also some
weaknesses and strengths between the previous studies and this present study. Besides, there are concepts of passive voice and translation shifts used in this study in
the next subchapter. Furthermore, the last subchapter presents the theoretical framework which explains the theory of types of passive voices and translation shifts.
2.1 Review of Literatures
There are three previous studies and three article reviewed to support this study. Their topics are relevant with current study which is about shift in translation
and passive voice construction in English and Indonesian. Ardanayasa 2012 wrote a thesis entitled
Structural Shift in English Indonesian Translation of Novel “Eat, Pray, Love” Translated into “Makan, Doa, Cinta”. The method was applied in this study
was qualitative and descriptive method. Qualitative method meant the data is chosen randomly as representation from the novel Eat, Pray, Love translated into Makan,
Doa, Cinta. Descriptive method means the data that has been chosen is explained in detail by describing it in form of paragraph.
